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- Dinesen, Peter Thisted, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the Impact of Education on Political Participation : Evidence from Monozygotic Twins in the United States, Denmark and Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Political Behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0190-9320 .- 1573-6687. ; 38:3, s. 579-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we provide new evidence on the much-discussed effect of education on political participation by utilizing the quasi-experiment of twinning. By looking at the relationship between education and participation within monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs we are able to circumvent traditional sources of confounding of the relationship rooted in genes and early life family environment because MZ twins share both. The results of within-twin pair analyses based on surveys from the United States, Denmark and Sweden show that while the relationship between education and political participation is highly confounded by genes and/or familial environment in all three countries, a positive impact remains of years of education in the US and of high school completion in Denmark. No effect is found in Sweden. Robustness checks suggest that the observed effect is not confounded by within-twin pair differences in prenatal environment nor differential treatment during childhood, and, if anything, that it most likely constitutes a lower bound estimate.
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| 2. |
- Alvstam, Claes G., 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Are multinationals and governments from emerging economies configuring global value chains in new ways?
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emerging Markets. - 1746-8809 .- 1746-8817. ; 15:1, s. 111-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The hallmark of today’s global value chains (GVCs), still dominated bymultinationals fromadvanced economies, is a sophisticated international division of labor based on scale economies and prevailing factor endowment differences between countries. However, GVCs led by multinationals from large emerging economies may be configured on the basis of considerations that supplement factor cost efficiencies, namely, those of societal objectives as formulated by political actors in the home country. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of political and socio-economic factors on GVC configuration of multinational firms. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides an in-depth case study of a leading Chinese car manufacturer, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group (ZGH) and its value-chain configuration, with a special focus on the acquisition of Volvo Car Corporation. Findings – The authors show how ZGH’s configuration of its GVC, including that of acquired Volvo Car Corporation, takes place in symbiosis with political actors. The advantages and disadvantages of this symbiosis are highlighted. Research limitations/implications – The study focuses on GVC configuration of one company, ZGH, in one industry, the automotive industry, in one emerging economy. The external validity of the study may therefore be limited. Furthermore, the focus is on the geographical/locational configuration of GVCs and ignores the ownership aspects. Originality/value – The paper provides novel empirical evidence to better understand GVC configuration of multinational firms from emerging economies. Paper type Research paper
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| 6. |
- Bache, Iben, et al.
(författare)
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An excess of chromosome 1 breakpoints in male infertility.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5438 .- 1018-4813. ; 12:12, s. 993-1000
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a search for potential infertility loci, which might be revealed by clustering of chromosomal breakpoints, we compiled 464 infertile males with a balanced rearrangement from Mendelian Cytogenetics Network database (MCNdb) and compared their karyotypes with those of a Danish nation-wide cohort. We excluded Robertsonian translocations, rearrangements involving sex chromosomes and common variants. We identified 10 autosomal bands, five of which were on chromosome 1, with a large excess of breakpoints in the infertility group. Some of these could potentially harbour a male-specific infertility locus. However, a general excess of breakpoints almost everywhere on chromosome 1 was observed among the infertile males: 26.5 versus 14.5% in the cohort. This excess was observed both for translocation and inversion carriers, especially pericentric inversions, both for published and unpublished cases, and was significantly associated with azoospermia. The largest number of breakpoints was reported in 1q21; FISH mapping of four of these breakpoints revealed that they did not involve the same region at the molecular level. We suggest that chromosome 1 harbours a critical domain whose integrity is essential for male fertility.
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| 7. |
- Caini, Saverio, et al.
(författare)
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Coffee, tea and melanoma risk : findings from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 140:10, s. 2246-2255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In vitro and animal studies suggest that bioactive constituents of coffee and tea may have anticarcinogenic effects against cutaneous melanoma; however, epidemiological evidence is limited to date. We examined the relationships between coffee (total, caffeinated or decaffeinated) and tea consumption and risk of melanoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is a multicentre prospective study that enrolled over 500,000 participants aged 25–70 years from ten European countries in 1992–2000. Information on coffee and tea drinking was collected at baseline using validated country-specific dietary questionnaires. We used adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the associations between coffee and tea consumption and melanoma risk. Overall, 2,712 melanoma cases were identified during a median follow-up of 14.9 years among 476,160 study participants. Consumption of caffeinated coffee was inversely associated with melanoma risk among men (HR for highest quartile of consumption vs. non-consumers 0.31, 95% CI 0.14–0.69) but not among women (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.62–1.47). There were no statistically significant associations between consumption of decaffeinated coffee or tea and the risk of melanoma among both men and women. The consumption of caffeinated coffee was inversely associated with melanoma risk among men in this large cohort study. Further investigations are warranted to confirm our findings and clarify the possible role of caffeine and other coffee compounds in reducing the risk of melanoma.
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| 8. |
- Heath, Alicia K, et al.
(författare)
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Soft Drink and Juice Consumption and Renal Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1538-7755 .- 1055-9965. ; 30:6, s. 1270-1274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 80% of kidney cancers in adults, and obesity is a known risk factor. Regular consumption of sweetened beverages has been linked to obesity and several chronic diseases, including some types of cancer. It is uncertain whether soft drink and juice consumption is associated with risk of RCC. We investigated the associations of soft drink and juice consumption with RCC incidence and mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).METHODS: A total of 389,220 EPIC participants with median age of 52 years at recruitment (1991-2000) were included. Cox regression yielded adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for RCC incidence and mortality in relation to intakes of juices and total, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened soft drinks.RESULTS: A total of 888 incident RCCs and 356 RCC deaths were identified. In models including adjustment for body mass index and energy intake, there was no higher risk of incident RCC associated with consumption of juices (HR per 100 g/day increment = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.97-1.09), total soft drinks (HR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98-1.05), sugar-sweetened soft drinks (HR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94-1.05), or artificially sweetened soft drinks (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96-1.08). In these fully adjusted models, none of the beverages was associated with RCC mortality (HR, 95% CI per 100 g/day increment 1.06, 0.97-1.16; 1.03, 0.98-1.09; 0.97, 0.89-1.07; and 1.06, 0.99-1.14, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of juices or soft drinks was not associated with RCC incidence or mortality after adjusting for obesity.IMPACT: Soft drink and juice intakes are unlikely to play an independent role in RCC development or mortality.
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| 9. |
- Jack, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Closing the mental health treatment gap in South Africa : a review of costs and cost-effectiveness
- 2014
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 7, s. 137-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nearly one in three South Africans will suffer from a mental disorder in his or her lifetime, a higher prevalence than many low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the economic costs and consequences of prevention and packages of care is essential, particularly as South Africa considers scaling-up mental health services and works towards universal health coverage. Economic evaluations can inform how priorities are set in system or spending changes.Objective: To identify and review research from South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa on the direct and indirect costs of mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders and the cost-effectiveness of treatment interventions.Design: Narrative overview methodology.Results and conclusions: Reviewed studies indicate that integrating mental health care into existing health systems may be the most effective and cost-efficient approach to increase access to mental health services in South Africa. Integration would also direct treatment, prevention, and screening to people with HIV and other chronic health conditions who are at high risk for mental disorders. We identify four major knowledge gaps: 1) accurate and thorough assessment of the health burdens of MNS disorders, 2) design and assessment of interventions that integrate mental health screening and treatment into existing health systems, 3) information on the use and costs of traditional medicines, and 4) cost-effectiveness evaluation of a range of specific interventions or packages of interventions that are tailored to the national context.
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| 10. |
- Kajala, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Visitor monitoring in nature areas : A manual based on experiences from the Nordic and Baltic countries
- 2007
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Friluftsliv och naturturism är två viktiga sätt att nyttja naturen i de nordiska och baltiska länderna som blir allt populärare. Information om besökare i naturområden är betydelsefull för förvaltning av friluftslivet, för att säkerställa rekreationsupplevelser av hög kvalitet, för utveckling av turismen och för effektivt och hållbart skydd av natur och kulturarv. Information om besökare är viktig på olika nivåer. På lokal nivå är den betydelsefull för markförvaltare, för utveckling av turismen och för delaktighet i planeringen i områden som är viktiga för rekreation. På regional, nationell och internationell nivå behövs besöksinformation för policyfrågor, planering, rapportering och jämförelser. Denna manual har tagits fram av en nordisk-baltisk projektgrupp som under åren 2004-2007 arbetat med att utveckla överensstämmande metoder för besökarundersökningar i naturområden för de nordiska och baltiska länderna. Vid insamlandet av besöksinformation har ett brett spektrum av metoder tillämpats och det finns ett behov av att erhålla mer jämförbar och tillförlitlig besöksinformation från olika naturområden över tiden. Denna manual är ett försök att få till stånd en användning av överensstämmande metoder under nordiska och baltiska förhållanden. Den är ett första steg mot att erhålla enhetlig information från besökarundersökningar och skapa av en gemensam grund för statistik och databaser med besöksinformation i dessa länder. Manualen fokuserar huvudsakligen på praktiska frågor: hur besöksräkning och besökarstudier utförs, hur resultaten redovisas och hur den erhållna informationen kan användas. Manualen omfattar riktlinjer, rekommendationer och exempel på metoder för besökarundersökningar som lämpar sig för naturområden i de nordiska och baltiska länderna. Fokus ligger på metoder för besökarundersökningar på plats i ett naturområde, vilka ger information om områdets faktiska användare. För att erhålla information om icke-besökare, t ex potentiella besökare, behöver man använda sig av generella befolkningsstudier, vilket ligger utanför ramen för denna manual.
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