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- Löfgren, Hans O., 1961-
(författare)
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Preventive psychosocial parental and school programmes in a general population
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction Numerous preventive programmes have emerged, and need to be investigated to determine their effects on the normal population. Earlier studies have shown a decrease in depressive symptoms, positive effects on children’s disruptive behaviour problems, and an improvement in parental competence. About a fifth of the parents in previous studies had problem-oriented (targeted) reasons for enrolment, whereas the rest of the parents had general (universal) reasons. The results of those studies suggest that the programmes are cost effective in terms of Quality-Adjusted Life Years.Aim Four sub-studies were performed, and their aims were to investigate the effect of parental training programmes (PTPs) in a naturalistic setting on parents’ mental health in the general population, to investigate how PTPs affect parents’ sense of parental competence, to investigate how PTPs affect parental stress and analyse the parents open questions about the PTPs, and to investigate the feasibility and to measure the effect on depression, anxiety, and social problems of two preventive school programmes for pupils in grade 7.Method In a longitudinal quantitative study in a real-world setting, 279 parents from the general population in northern Sweden participated in five PTPs. A comparison group of 702 parents without intervention was included. Simultaneously, a community sample of 59 pupils in grade 7 participated in two preventive school programmes. Both studies were conducted from 2010 to 2013. Parents were assigned to professionally supported interventions that included 5-10 two-hour sessions. Respondents filled in a web-based questionnaire with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Parents Sense of Competence (PSOC) for parents who had children aged 0-17 years, and the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) for parents who had children aged 0-10 years. The intervention groups’ results were compared to comparison group of 702 parents from northern Sweden that had not participated in any parental training programme. In the school study, one of the preventive programmes was an ongoing programme called “Life-Skills”, and the other was an implemented Canadian programme called “Choosing Healthy Actions and Thoughts” (CHAT). The pupils completed a test battery including the Sense of Coherence (SOC), the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) instruments. Follow up of the parental programme study was done six months after the post-intervention measure, and follow up of the school study was at one year.Results The improvements in GHQ were statistically significant for the mean of the 279 parents in the intervention group compared to the mean of a comparison group of the 702 parents who did not receive any intervention. This suggests that evidence-based PTPs enhance parental well-being even for parents without problems. The intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in parental competence compared to the comparison group over time. The intervention itself had a significant effect on parental satisfaction, but the efficacy effect was not sustained when taking into account potential confounders. In the SPSQ, the intervention group was smaller due to the fact that the instrument was not validated for children over the age of 10 and one of the parental training groups was only for parents of teenagers. A reduction of stress in the sub-scale of health problems was detected, but no other subscale showed the intervention to have a significant effect when controlling for confounding variables. In the school study, both programmes had good feasibility according to the stake- holders and had several positive mental health outcomes over time. Compared to Life-Skills, CHAT had more significant positive effects on reducing anxious/depressive symptoms and girls experienced significant positive effects on reduced anxious/depressive behaviour, while boys reduced their aggressive behaviours.Conclusions Earlier studies indicate that PTPs enhance perceived parental competence among referred parents. The present study shows that PTPs applied in the general population might also enhance perceived parental benefits such as improved health and satisfaction, suggesting that PTPs can be an important preventive strategy to enhance parenthood. The results suggest that parents who feel a need to increase their parenting competence might participate in PTPs based on lower scores than the comparison control group both before and after the intervention. The school-based programme shows that schools may be a suitable arena for preventive programmes because there was a significant short-term improvement in depression symptoms. Further studies need to explore how parents’ participation in PTPs affects children’s mental health in the general population in quantitative longitudinal studies in real-word settings. There is also a need for bigger studies and RCTs on school preventions and on how children’s health develops naturally in the population.
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| 2. |
- Petersen, Solveig, 1955-
(författare)
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Recurrent pain and health related quality of life in young schoolchildren
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objectives of this thesis were 1) to describe the occurrence and co-occurrence of recurrent pain (headache, stomach-ache, and backache) in young school children; 2) to describe Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in these children, from the perspective of the child, 3) to examine the psychometric properties of the PedsQL, a pediatric HRQoL instrument. Three data collections were performed, two in Umeå, Sweden, and one in a nearby smaller municipality, Lycksele. In Umeå, the first survey included schoolchildren from grades 0-6 and three years later all schoolchildren attending grade three and six were approached. In Lycksele all school children attending grades three through six and grade nine were invited to participate. Pain and quality of life were measured by questionnaires. The main findings of the thesis were that 2/3 of the children experienced pain from the head, stomach or back recurrently (at least monthly) and 1/3 experienced weekly pain. Weekly headache was reported by 23% of the children, 19 % reported weekly stomach-ache and 7% weekly backache. Half of the children with recurrent pain conditions reported pain from several body sites, and, in children with weekly pain, 2/3 reported multi-site pain. HRQoL in children with recurrent pain problems was markedly impaired, especially in children with multi-site pain and in children with weekly pain. Finally, The Swedish PedsQL self-report forms showed acceptable psychometric properties. In conclusion, in young schoolchildren, headache, stomach-ache and backache are common conditions associated with a clearly reduced HRQoL. The results show an urgent need for early preventive and curative programs targeting HRQoL domains such as physical, emotional, social and school areas. The results also indicate that recurrent pain should be regarded a potential general pain disorder rather than merely a local disorder. The PedsQL was found to be a reliable and valid measure of HRQoL in young Swedish school-aged children.
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| 4. |
- Ragnarsson, Susanne, 1966-
(författare)
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Att klara skolan när huvudet dunkar och kroppen värker : en studie om återkommande smärta och skolprestation bland skolbarn
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrund Återkommande smärta är ett av de vanligaste folkhälsoproblemen bland skolbarn. Den höga förekomsten är ingen ny kunskap, trots det finns det lite beskrivet hur smärtan påverkar barnens funktion och då särskilt om det får konsekvenser för barnens skolprestationer.Syfte Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att studera och värdera evidensen för ett samband mellan återkommande smärta och skolprestation. Detta utifrån smärtans frekvens, lokalisation och utbredning, samt utifrån både subjektiva och objektiva mått på skolprestation. Därutöver studerades möjlig modertorer och mediatorer .Metod Processen delades in i två steg. Steg 1 utgjordes av en systematisk litteraturöversikt (delstudie 1) som studerade den tillgängliga evidensen för sambandet mellan återkommande smärta och skolprestation bland skolbarn mellan 4 och 18 år. Samtliga delar med urval, dataextraktion, kvalitets- och evidensbedömningar utfördes systematisk. Några av de kunskapsluckor som upptäcktes i steg 1 blev grunden till Steg 2 som utgjordes av delstudie 2 och 3. Dessa studier baserades på en longitudinell totalpopulationsstudie från Umeå “The Study of Health in School-aged children from Umeå”. Urvalet bestod av 1524 respektive 1567 barn. Oberoende variabeln var återkommande smärta och beroende variablerna var upplevda problem med skolprestation, meritvärde och gymnasiebehörighet. I studie 2 och 3 analyserades data med hjälp av logistisk och linjär regression.Resultat Steg 1: av 6 387 identifierade studier inkluderades 21 studier varav 13 kunde verifiera samband mellan återkommande smärta och nedsatta skolprestationer. Sammantaget fann översikten begränsat evidens för ett samband mellan återkommande smärta och objektiv skolprestation, samt otillräcklig evidens för ett samband mellan återkommande smärta och subjektiv skolprestation. Brister i de enskilda studiernas kvalitet och design bidrog till den låga evidensen. Steg 2: visade att smärta i årskurs 6 fördubblande oddsen för upplevda problem med skolprestation i årskurs 9, vilket gällde vid olika smärtfrekvenser, lokalisationer och antal smärtställen. Skolfrånvaro, koncentrations och sömnproblem kunde inte mediera sambandet mellan återkommande smärta och upplevda problem med skolprestation. Dessutom sågs ett samband mellan återkommande smärta i veckan i årskurs 6 och meritvärde i årskurs 9. Däremot fanns inget samband mellan smärta i årkurs 6 och gymnasiebehörighet, förutom bland flickor med magsmärta. Skolfrånvaro, koncentrationsproblem och upplevda skolprestation medierade delvis sambandet mellan smärta i årskurs 6 och lägre meritvärde i årskurs 9.Slutsats Resultaten indikationer att återkommande smärta kan predicerar nedsatta betyg och en upplevelse av problem med att prestera i skolan. Resultatet kan lägga till grund för prioriteringar av preventiva insatser i skolan och inom hälso-och sjukvården och kan också bidra med underlag inför utvecklandet av insatser riktade till barn med återkommande smärta.
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| 5. |
- Ragnarsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Recurrent pain in school-aged children : a longitudinal study focusing on the relation to academic achievement
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 163:11, s. 2245-2253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recurrent pain is an increasing public health problem among school-aged children, with potential negative impact on children's daily lives, such as schoolwork. The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether recurrent pain in school year 6 was associated with poorer academic achievement at the end of elementary school in school year 9. The study was a follow-up study based on data from "The Study of Health in School-Aged Children from Umeå". Participants were 1567 children aged 12 to 13 years who attended school year 6. A follow-up was performed in school year 9, when the children were 16 years old. The children answered a questionnaire about recurrent pain (headache, stomachache, and backache). Information about academic achievement was collected from school registers. The results showed that having weekly recurrent pain in school year 6 predicted lower final overall grade points in school year 9 than in children with no recurrent pain. This applied for recurrent headache, stomachache, backache, and multiple pains and for both girls and boys. Recurrent pain did not predict secondary school eligibility, however. Perceived problems with academic achievement and problems with concentration partly mediated the association between recurrent pain and lower final overall grade points. Sleep problems were not associated with academic achievement and were therefore not a mediator. Thus, the results suggest that recurrent pain may predict later impairment of academic achievement and that problems with concentration and children's perceived achievement in school, but not sleep problems, may partly explain this relationship.
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