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| 2. |
- Amin, Kawa, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory cell and epithelial characteristics of perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis with a symptom history of 1 to 3 years' duration
- 2001
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 107:2, s. 249-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Perennial rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the mucosal lining of the nose that may be caused by allergic and nonallergic mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: We sought to characterize the cellular pattern and structural changes in the nasal mucous membrane of patients with perennial rhinitis and compare them with those of control subjects. METHODS: Biopsy specimens were obtained from 27 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), from 12 patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis (PNAR) with eosinophils present in the nasal smear, and from 6 control subjects without rhinitis. In 10 of 27 patients with PAR who were also allergic to pollen, biopsy specimens were taken within the respective season (PARseason). In the other 17 patients, the biopsy was taken outside the pollen season (PARoutside season). Inflammatory cells were identified by using mAbs to their unique granular proteins. RESULTS: The characteristic feature of perennial rhinitis was the accumulation of activated (degranulated) mast cells and eosinophils in the nasal mucosa. The tissue eosinophil/neutrophil ratio was higher, and the loss of epithelial integrity was greater in all patient groups compared with the control subjects. The extent of epithelial damage was significantly larger in patients in the PARseason group compared with that in the PARoutside season and PNAR groups, which did not significantly differ from each other in this respect. The number of eosinophils and mast cells was higher in the PNAR group compared with the PAR groups. In all patient groups, the number of eosinophils correlated with the loss of epithelial integrity. The number of mast cells did not correlate with the extent of epithelial damage nor did the number of neutrophils, except in patients in the PARseason group. CONCLUSION: The accumulation of eosinophils and mast cells, as well as loss of epithelial integrity, was characteristic for perennial rhinitis. Loss of epithelial integrity in the nasal mucosa may be a consequence of the activity of accumulated eosinophils.
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- Dahlén, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in inflammatory markers following treatment of acute exacerbationsof obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2001
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 95:11, s. 891-897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim ofthe study was to investigate changes in inflammatory markers following emergency treatment of obstructive pulmonary disease. The study comprised 43 patients. After acute treatment, they were given either 30 mg of prednisolone p.o. or 1600 microg of inhaled budeson de daily for 1 week. Over the following 3 weeks, all the patients were given 1600 microg of inhaled budesonide daily. Blood samples for measurements of eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (S-EPO), total eos nophil count (B-Eos), myeloperoxidase (S-MPO) and human neutrophil lipocaline (HNL) were taken and spirometry was performed before emergency treatment and after 1 and 4 weeks. There was no difference in the improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) between patients given prednisolone or budesonide. Patients with an improvement in FEV1 of >20% of baseline after 1 and 4 weeks displayed a larger decrease in eosinophil markers. The correlation between deltaFEV1 and deltaS-ECP was r= -0.37, P < 0.05, deltaS-EPO -0.40, P < 0.01 and deltaB-Eos -0.44, P < 0.01, after 4 weeks. This correlation was highly significant in patients who had smoked < or = 5 pack-years, while the correlation was not significant in patients with a longer smoking history and chronic airflow limitation (best FEV <80% of predicted). We conclude that the change in eosinophil markers is correlated to the improvement in lung function in non-smokers or short-term smokers following the emergency treatment of obstructive pulmonary disease. This study indicates that following eosinophil markers is more useful in patients with asthma than patients with COPD.
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| 4. |
- Dahlén, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations of obstructive pulmonary disease : predictive value in relation to smoking history
- 1999
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 93:10, s. 744-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the effect of emergency treatment and inflammatory markers in patients with acute exacerbations of obstructive pulmonary disease, especially with respect to smoking history. We investigated 50 unselected patients with acute bronchial obstruction. Blood, urine and sputum samples were taken and analysed for eosinophil and neutrophil markers. The patients were observed for at least 2 h and recordings of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were taken. They were re-examined after 1 and 4 weeks. The absolute levels of inflammatory markers did not differ significantly between non- or short-term smokers (< or = 5 pack-years) and long-term smokers (> 5 pack-years) with the exception of myeloperoxidase in serum (S-MPO), which was higher in long-term smokers. The patients with higher levels of eosinophil markers before emergency treatment experienced a greater improvement in lung function. In non- or short-term smokers this relationship was found in blood and urine, whereas in long-term smokers it was seen in sputum. No correlation was found between neutrophil markers and changes in lung function. We conclude that patients with obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbations and high levels of eosinophil markers respond well to treatment.
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| 5. |
- Karawajczyk, Malgorzata, et al.
(författare)
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An Extragranular Compartment of Blood Eosinophils Contains Eosinophil Protein X/Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin (EPX/EDN)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Inflammation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0360-3997 .- 1573-2576. ; 36:2, s. 320-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum and plasma profiles of eosinophil protein X (EPX/EDN) and those of other eosinophil proteins differ in various conditions, suggesting a different mobilisation from storage granules. This work studied the subcellular localisation of EPX/EDN in non-primed and in vivo primed blood eosinophils from healthy and allergic subjects, during and out of the pollen season. Primed eosinophils contain easily mobilisable secretory proteins. By fractionation on sucrose density gradients, EPX/EDN localised in the specific granules as well as in a cytoplasmic extra-granular compartment of low equilibrium density that partially overlapped with vesicular structures, cytosolic proteins and plasma membranes. This compartment was clearly separate from the low density peak of ECP that increases during the pollen season. There were no significant differences in the amounts of EPX/EDN present in the low density peak of healthy and allergic subjects. Immuno-gold labelling electron microscopy showed EPX/EDN in specific granules, cytoplasm and associated to plasma membranes. In conclusion, substantial amounts of EPX/EDN localise in an extra-granular, low equilibrium density compartment of human eosinophils.
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| 7. |
- Peterson, Christer G. B., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of biomarkers for ulcerative colitis comparing two sampling methods : fecal markers reflect colorectal inflammation both macroscopically and on a cellular level
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 76:5, s. 393-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Simple, objective and inexpensive tools for the assessment of mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC) are highly desirable. The aim of this study was to evaluate a broad spectrum of activity markers comparing two sampling methods: fecal samples and the mucosal patch technique.Methods: Twenty patients with active UC and 14 healthy controls were characterized by means of clinical indices and endoscopy together with histology and immunohistochemistry on colorectal sections. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO), calprotectin, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX/EDN) and IL-1 were analyzed in fecal samples and rectal fluid collected by the patch technique. Nitric oxide (NO) was analyzed in rectal gas samples. Expression of activity markers on colorectal neutrophils and eosinophils were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: All fecal and patch markers were increased in UC patients compared with healthy controls. Fecal markers and the level of neutrophil activation correlated to disease activity, whereas patch markers did not. The best markers in terms of discriminative power were fecal MPO and IL-1. Fecal marker levels were related to sigmoidal histology scores and to neutrophil number and activation. Patch markers were related to rectal inflammation only.Conclusions: The levels of inflammation markers in feces and patch fluid distinctly reflected active inflammation in UC. The degree of disease activity was however best assessed by fecal markers, particularly MPO and IL-1. Fecal markers reflect colorectal inflammation both macroscopically and on a cellular level, and may be useful for the evaluation of subclinical inflammation. The applicability of patch markers is restricted to rectal inflammation.
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| 8. |
- Peterson, Christer G. B., et al.
(författare)
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Fecal levels of leukocyte markers reflect disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 67:8, s. 810-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:A prominent feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the presence of inflammatory cells in the gut mucosa, and which contribute to the ongoing inflammatory process. The aim of the study was to evaluate fecal neutrophil, eosinophil, mast cell and macrophage markers in the assessment of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).METHODS:Twenty-eight patients with active UC; 4 with proctitis, 16 with left-side colitis and 8 with total colitis, were included in the study. Patient history, endoscopy and histopathology were examined and fecal and serum samples were evaluated at inclusion and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Fecal samples were analysed for myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil protein X (EPX), mast cell tryptase, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha using immunoassays. Blood samples were analysed for MPO, EPX, C-reactive protein, orosomucoid and leucocyte counts.RESULTS:Fecal MPO and IL-1beta levels were elevated in all patients at inclusion despite different disease extensions. Striking reductions in fecal levels of MPO, EPX, tryptase and IL-1beta were observed after 4 weeks of treatment in 20/28 patients with complete remission after 8 weeks. No further reductions were seen in 20/27 patients at 8 weeks. Endoscopic score correlated to IL-1beta at all visits (p<0.01), to MPO at visits 2 and 3 (p<0.05, p<0.001), EPX at visit 2 (p<0.05) and tryptase at visit 3 (p<0.01). Levels of fecal markers also related to histological indices of the disease.CONCLUSIONS:Measurements of fecal MPO, EPX and IL-1beta could be objective complements to endoscopical and histopathological evaluations in the daily care of patients with UC.
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| 9. |
- Wagner, Michael, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Fecal markers of inflammation used as surrogate markers for treatment outcome in relapsing inflammatory bowel disease
- 2008
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : WJG Press. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 14:36, s. 5584-5589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To evaluate fecal calprotectin (FC) as a surrogate marker for treatment outcome of a relapse of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and, secondly, to compare FC to fecal myeloperoxidase (MPO) and fecal eosinophil protein X (EPX). Methods: Thirty-eight patients with IBD, whereof twenty-seven with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 11 with Crohn´s disease (CD) were studied before treatment (inclusion), and after four and eight weeks of treatment. Treatment outcome, based on clinical activity and endoscopy in UC patients, and clinical activity in CD patients, were evaluated together with fecal samples analysed for FC with ELISA and MPO and EPX with RIA. Results: At inclusion 37/38 (97%) patients had elevated FC levels (>94.7 µg/g). At the end of the study 31/38 (82%) patients fulfilled predefined criteria of a complete response [UC 21/27 (78%); CD 10/11 (91%)]. Overall, a normalised FC level at the end of the study predicted a complete response in 100% whereas elevated FC level predicted noncomplete response in 30%. Normalised MPO or EPX levels predicted a complete response in 100% and 90%, respectively. However, elevated MPO or EPX levels predicted noncomplete response in 23% and 22%, respectively. Conclusion: A normalised FC level poses the potential to be used as a surrogate marker for successful treatment outcome in IBD patients, but cases with persistent elevated FC levels needs further evaluation. FC and MPO appears to discriminate better than EPX to treatment outcome in IBD.
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| 10. |
- Wagner, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Fecal Levels of Chromogranin A, Chromogranin B and Secretoneurine in Collagenous Colitis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Inflammation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0360-3997 .- 1573-2576. ; 36:4, s. 855-861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactions between the enteric nervous system and the immune system are suggested to play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to determine if chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB), and secretoneurin (SN) are detectable in feces (F) from patients with collagenous colitis (CC) and to compare the levels found in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) before and during treatment. Patients with CC (n = 12) were studied before and after 3, 7, 28, and 56 days of treatment. Patients with IBD (UC, n = 21; CD, n = 11) were studied before and after 28 and 56 days of treatment. Clinical data were recorded, and fecal samples were collected at each occasion. F-CgA, F-CgB, and F-SN were measured by RIA. Eleven patients with CC, 21 with UC, and 10 with CD achieved remission. On inclusion, CC patients had higher levels of F-CgA, F-CgB, and F-SN than patients with IBD and controls. Patients with IBD expressed markedly lower levels of F-SN than controls. During treatment, F-SN in CC patients decreased to control levels but remained low in IBD patients. No change was found in F-CgA or F-CgB in any of the groups. In conclusion, CgA, CgB, and SN are detectable in feces, and CC patients express higher values than patients with IBD and controls. During treatment, F-SN decreased to control levels in CC. These findings suggest that the enteric nervous system is clearly involved in the pathophysiology of CC.
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