| 1. |
- Blazere, Aurore, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic geometry and surface differential rotation of the bright Am star Alhena A
- 2020
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 492:4, s. 5794-5810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alhena A (y Gem A) is a bright Am star, with the strongest disc -integrated magnetic field strength reported so far for an Am star. Its spectrum exhibits standard circularly polarized Zeeman signatures, contrary to all previously studied Am stars that display abnormal signatures dominated by a single -signed lobe. We present here the result of follow-up observations of Athena, using very high signal-to-noise spectropolarimetric data obtained over 25 observing nights with NARVAL at Telescope Bernard Lyot, in the frame of the BRITE (BRIght Target Explorer) spectropolarimetric survey. We confirm that Alhena A is magnetic and we determine its surface magnetic properties using different methods. Inclined dipole models are used to reproduce the longitudinal field measurements, as well as the Stokes V line profiles themselves. In both cases, the model is consistent with a polar field strength of 30 G. This is confirmed by a Zeeman -Doppler Imaging (ZDI) model, which also unveils smaller scale magnetic structures. A rotational period of 8.975 d was identified using intensity line profile variations. The ZDI inversion suggests that the surface magnetic field is sheared by differential rotation, with a difference in rotation rate between high and low latitudes at about 15 per cent of the solar value. This result challenges theories of the development of surface differential rotation in intermediate mass main -sequence stars.
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| 2. |
- Faure, Quentin, et al.
(författare)
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Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid Spin Dynamics in the Quasi-One-Dimensional Ising-Like Antiferromagnet BaCo2V2O8
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 123:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining inelastic neutron scattering and numerical simulations, we study the quasi-one-dimensional Ising anisotropic quantum antiferromagnet BaCo2V2O8 in a longitudinal magnetic field. This material shows a quantum phase transition from a Neel ordered phase at zero field to a longitudinal incommensurate spin density wave at a critical magnetic field of 3.8 T. Concomitantly, the excitation gap almost closes and a fundamental reconfiguration of the spin dynamics occurs. These experimental results are well described by the universal Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory developed for interacting spinless fermions in one dimension. We especially observe the rise of mainly longitudinal excitations, a hallmark of the unconventional low-field regime in Ising-like quantum antiferromagnetic chains.
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| 3. |
- Faure, Quentin, et al.
(författare)
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Topological quantum phase transition in the Ising-like antiferromagnetic spin chain BaCo2V2O8
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Physics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1745-2473 .- 1745-2481. ; 14:7, s. 716-722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the seminal ideas of Berezinskii, Kosterlitz and Thouless, topological excitations have been at the heart of our understanding of a whole novel class of phase transitions. In most cases, those transitions are controlled by a single type of topological objects. There are, however, some situations, still poorly understood, where two dual topological excitations fight to control the phase diagram and the transition. Finding experimental realizations of such cases is thus of considerable interest. We show here that this situation occurs in BaCo2V2O8, a spin-1/2 Ising-like quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet, when subjected to a uniform magnetic field transverse to the Ising axis. Using neutron scattering experiments, we measure a drastic modification of the quantum excitations beyond a critical value of the magnetic field. This quantum phase transition is identified, through a comparison with theoretical calculations, to be a transition between two different types of solitonic topological object, which are captured by different components of the dynamical structure factor.
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| 4. |
- Metcalfe, Travis S., et al.
(författare)
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Asteroseismology and Spectropolarimetry of the Exoplanet Host Star Lambda Serpentis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 166:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bright star lambda Ser hosts a hot Neptune with a minimum mass of 13.6 M & OPLUS; and a 15.5 day orbit. It also appears to be a solar analog, with a mean rotation period of 25.8 days and surface differential rotation very similar to the Sun. We aim to characterize the fundamental properties of this system and constrain the evolutionary pathway that led to its present configuration. We detect solar-like oscillations in time series photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, and we derive precise asteroseismic properties from detailed modeling. We obtain new spectropolarimetric data, and we use them to reconstruct the large-scale magnetic field morphology. We reanalyze the complete time series of chromospheric activity measurements from the Mount Wilson Observatory, and we present new X-ray and ultraviolet observations from the Chandra and Hubble space telescopes. Finally, we use the updated observational constraints to assess the rotational history of the star and estimate the wind braking torque. We conclude that the remaining uncertainty on the stellar age currently prevents an unambiguous interpretation of the properties of lambda Ser, and that the rate of angular momentum loss appears to be higher than for other stars with a similar Rossby number. Future asteroseismic observations may help to improve the precision of the stellar age.
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| 5. |
- Metcalfe, Travis S., et al.
(författare)
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Constraints on Magnetic Braking from the G8 Dwarf Stars 61 UMa and tau Cet
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 948:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the first half of their main-sequence lifetimes, stars rapidly lose angular momentum to their magnetized winds, a process known as magnetic braking. Recent observations suggest a substantial decrease in the magnetic braking efficiency when stars reach a critical value of the Rossby number, the stellar rotation period normalized by the convective overturn timescale. Cooler stars have deeper convection zones with longer overturn times, reaching this critical Rossby number at slower rotation rates. The nature and timing of the transition to weakened magnetic braking have previously been constrained by several solar analogs and two slightly hotter stars. In this Letter, we derive the first direct constraints from stars cooler than the Sun. We present new spectropolarimetry of the old G8 dwarf tau Cet from the Large Binocular Telescope, and we reanalyze a published Zeeman Doppler image of the younger G8 star 61 UMa, yielding the large-scale magnetic field strengths and morphologies. We estimate mass-loss rates using archival X-ray observations and inferences from Ly alpha measurements, and we adopt other stellar properties from asteroseismology and spectral energy distribution fitting. The resulting calculations of the wind braking torque demonstrate that the rate of angular momentum loss drops by a factor of 300 between the ages of these two stars (1.4-9 Gyr), well above theoretical expectations. We summarize the available data to help constrain the value of the critical Rossby number, and we identify a new signature of the long-period detection edge in recent measurements from the Kepler mission.
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| 6. |
- Metcalfe, Travis S., et al.
(författare)
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The Origin of Weakened Magnetic Braking in Old Solar Analogs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 933:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rotation rates of main-sequence stars slow over time as they gradually lose angular momentum to their magnetized stellar winds. The rate of angular momentum loss depends on the strength and morphology of the magnetic field, the mass-loss rate, and the stellar rotation period, mass, and radius. Previous observations suggested a shift in magnetic morphology between two F-type stars with similar rotation rates but very different ages (88 Leo and rho CrB). In this Letter, we identify a comparable transition in an evolutionary sequence of solar analogs with ages between 2-7 Gyr. We present new spectropolarimetry of 18 Sco and 16 Cyg A and B from the Large Binocular Telescope, and we reanalyze previously published Zeeman Doppler images of HD 76151 and 18 Sco, providing additional constraints on the nature and timing of this transition. We combine archival X-ray observations with updated distances from Gaia to estimate mass-loss rates, and we adopt precise stellar properties from asteroseismology and other sources. We then calculate the wind braking torque for each star in the evolutionary sequence, demonstrating that the rate of angular momentum loss drops by more than an order of magnitude between the ages of HD 76151 and 18 Sco (2.6-3.7 Gyr) and continues to decrease modestly to the age of 16 Cyg A and B (7 Gyr). We suggest that this magnetic transition may represent a disruption of the global dynamo arising from weaker differential rotation, and we outline plans to probe this phenomenon in additional stars spanning a wide range of spectral types.
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| 7. |
- Sarneel, Judith M., et al.
(författare)
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Reading tea leaves worldwide : decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass-loss rate and stabilization
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 27:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large-scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization factors of plant-derived carbon, using the Tea Bag Index (TBI). The stabilization factor quantifies the degree to which easy-to-degrade components accumulate during early-stage decomposition (e.g. by environmental limitations). However, agriculture and an interaction between moisture and temperature led to a decoupling between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization, notably in colder locations. Using TBI improved mass-loss estimates of natural litter compared to models that ignored stabilization. Ignoring the transformation of dead plant material to more recalcitrant substances during early-stage decomposition, and the environmental control of this transformation, could overestimate carbon losses during early decomposition in carbon cycle models.
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| 8. |
- Vono, Maxime, et al.
(författare)
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A Fully Bayesian Approach for Inferring Physical Properties with Credibility Intervals from Noisy Astronomical Data
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 10TH WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING - EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING (WHISPERS). - 2158-6268. - 9781728152943
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The atoms and molecules of interstellar clouds emit photons when passing from an excited state to a lower energy state. The resulting emission lines can be detected by telescopes in the different wavelength domains (radio, infrared, visible, UV...). Through the excitation and chemical conditions they reveal, these lines provide key constraints on the local physical conditions reigning in giant molecular clouds (GMCs), which constitute the birthplace of stars in galaxies. Inferring these physical conditions from observed maps of GMCs using complex astrophysical models of these regions remains a complicated challenge due to potentially degenerate solutions and widely varying signal-to-noise ratios over the map. We propose a Bayesian framework to infer the probability distributions associated to each of these physical parameters, taking a spatial smoothness prior into account to tackle the challenge of low signal-to-noise ratio regions of the observed maps. A numerical astrophysical model of the cloud is involved in the likelihood within an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) method. This enables to both infer point-wise estimators (e.g., minimum mean square or maximum a posteriori) and quantify the uncertainty associated to the estimation process. The benefits of the proposed approach are illustrated based on noisy synthetic observation maps.
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