| 1. |
- Adolfsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical characteristics and primary treatment of prostate cancer in Sweden between 1996 and 2005 : Data from the national prostate cancer register in Sweden
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - Stockholm : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 41:6, s. 456-477
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The incidence of prostate cancer is rising rapidly in Sweden and there is a need to better understand the pattern of diagnosis, tumor characteristics and treatment. Material and methods. Between 1996 and 2005, all new cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland were intended to be registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). This register contains information on diagnosing unit, date of diagnosis, cause of diagnosis, tumor grade, tumor stage according to the TNM classification in force, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis and primary treatment given within the first 6 months after diagnosis. Results. In total, 72 028 patients were registered, comprising >97% of all pertinent incident cases of prostate cancer in the Swedish Cancer Register (SCR). During the study period there was a considerable decrease in median age at the time of diagnosis, a stage migration towards smaller tumors, a decrease in median serum PSA values at diagnosis, a decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate of men diagnosed with distant metastases or with a PSA level of >100 ng/ml at diagnosis and an increase in the proportion of tumors with Gleason score ≤6. Relatively large geographical differences in the median age at diagnosis and the age-standardized incidence of cases with category T1c tumors were observed. Treatment with curative intent increased dramatically and treatment patterns varied according to geographical region. In men with localized tumors and a PSA level of <20 ng/ml at diagnosis, expectant treatment was more commonly used in those aged ≥75 years than in those aged <75 years. Also, the pattern of endocrine treatment varied in different parts of Sweden. Conclusions. All changes in the register seen over time are consistent with increased diagnostic activity, especially PSA testing, resulting in an increased number of cases with early disease, predominantly tumors in category T1c. The patterns of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer vary considerably in different parts of Sweden. The NPCR continues to be an important source for research, epidemiological surveillance of the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Calén, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Measurement of η meson decays into lepton-antilepton pairs
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A search for rare lepton decays of the η meson was performed using the WASA detector at CELSIUS. Two candidates for double Dalitz decay η→e+e−e+e− events are reported with a background of 1.3±0.2 events. This allows to set an upper limit to the branching ratio of 9.7×10−5 η(90% CL). The branching ratio for the decay η→e+e−γ is determined to (7.8±0.5stat ±0.8syst)×10−3 in agreement with world average value. An upper limit (90% CL) for the branching ratio for the η→e+e− decay is 2.7 × 10−5 and a limit for the sum of the η→μ+μ−μ+μ− and η→π+π−μ+μ− decays is 3.6 × 10−4.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Forsell, Karl, et al.
(författare)
-
Miljöhälsorapport barn i norr 2021 : Barns hälsa och miljö i norra Sverige
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport behandlar barns hälsa och miljöi Sveriges fyra nordligaste län, och baserasfrämst på nationella barnmiljöhälsoenkäter,särskilt den senaste från 2019. Dessa enkätundersökningarom tre åldersgrupper ger en bildav hur de som svarat upplevt barnens miljöochhälsoförhållanden, men har inte syftet attvetenskapligt fastställa samband mellan orsakoch verkan. Därför beskrivs enkätresultaten iljuset av bredare kunskaper, främst från forskningoch objektiva mätningar. Resultaten gerockså en viktig signal om hur läget och trendernaär i förhållandet till olika mål som berörmiljö och hälsa. De globala målen för hållbarutveckling som är grunden för Agenda 2030inrymmer i många fall de svenska miljö- ochfolkhälsomålen.Andelen barn i norra Sverige som rapporteratsha astma och/eller allergisk snuva har ökatfrån enkäten 2011 till enkäten 2019, och i denäldsta åldersgruppen (12-åringar) uppges astmavanligare i norra Sverige än i resten av landet.För besvär som upplevs bero på problem i inomhusmiljönses inga tydliga skillnader varkensedan förra enkäten eller mellan norra Sverigeoch övriga delar av landet. Trots att en ganskastor andel rapporterar att de har fuktskador ibostaden, så är det få som uppger att miljöni bostaden leder till besvär. Bland 12-åringarnaanges skolmiljön mer ofta orsaka besvär.Enligt enkäten utsätts nu endast cirka 1 % avbarnen för miljötobaksrök i bostaden, vilketkan jämföras med att drygt 6 % av de gravida inorra Sverige 2003 rökte under graviditeten .Var tionde tolvåring i norra Sverige lyssnardagligen på musik i hörlurar med hög volym.Fyra procent uppges ha tinnitus. Vidare uppgervar femte tolvåring att de blir mycket störda avljud när de är i skolan. I samma grupp har 12% svårt att somna på grund av trafikbuller.Luftkvaliteten utanför bostaden upplevs avsvarande från norra Sverige vara bättre jämförtmed övriga landet och skillnaden tycks haökat mellan 2011 och 2019. En lägre andel avtolvåringarna besväras ofta eller ibland av luktfrån bilavgaser i norra Sverige jämfört med iövriga landet, däremot förekommer hos en högreandel av barnen i norra Sverige vedeldningi bostaden. Andelen med vedeldande grannarhar dock tydligt minskat sedan 2011.Att ha sitt dricksvatten från egen brunn ärvanligast i Jämtland, övriga län ligger närmarelandet i övrigt. Samtidigt är andelen som testatsitt vatten från egen brunn lägst i Jämtland. Avde som testat uppgav dock ingen att vattnetbedömts otjänligt. Enkäten efterfrågade dockinte vad som testats, det är exempelvis oklartom testerna omfattat även arsenik och radon.Enligt enkäten uppnår knappt 40 % av barneni norra Sverige Livsmedelsverkets rekommenderadeintag av fisk (2-3 ggr/vecka). Närdet gäller fisk med risk för högt innehåll avmiljögifter så var det ovanligt med ett högreintag än Livsmedelsverkets rekommenderademaxintag.Rapporten berör utöver vad som ovannämnts ytterligare några områden av betydelse,t ex fysisk aktivitet och solskydd. Dendiskuterar också möjligheter till förbättringarav miljö-hälsosituationen i norra Sverige, ochutgör därmed ett underlag till det lokala ochregionala förändringsarbetet . Satsningar för attfå ner rökvanor i befolkningen är ett slåendeexempel på att man inom relativt kort tid kanfå effekter – och att miljöhälsoenkäter är ettbra verktyg för att följa ett förändringsarbete.Nästa enkät om barns hälsa och miljö i norraSverige beräknas genomföras 2027.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kren, F., et al.
(författare)
-
THE pp -> d pi(+)pi(0) REACTION - A CASE OF Delta Delta EXCITATION WITHOUT ABC-EFFECT
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics A. - 0217-751X .- 1793-656X. ; 24:2-3, s. 561-563
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ABC effect, a low-mass enhancement in the invariant pp mass, is observed in double-pionic fusion reactions leading to a bound nuclear system in the final state. From previous measurements there have been indications that this phenomenon is resctricted to the sigma channel of the pp system. With exclusive measurements of the pp -> d pi(+)pi(0) reaction at T-p = 1.1 GeV we demonstrate that, indeed, the ABC effect does not occur in the vector-isovector Delta Delta channel (rho channel) despite the fact that the Delta Delta excitation is oberved to be the dominant reaction process. We also show that this reaction is well described by a t-channel Delta Delta excitation with the subsequent decay into the vector-isovector Delta Delta channel given by the rho channel operator.
|
|
| 8. |
- Oesterling, Joseph E., et al.
(författare)
-
Free, Complexed and Total Serum Prostate Specific Antigen : The Establishment of Appropriate Reference Ranges for their Concentrations and Ratios
- 1995
-
Ingår i: The Journal of urology. - 0022-5347. ; 154:3, s. 1090-1095
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) exists in the serum in several molecular forms that can be measured by immunodetectable assays: free PSA, PSA complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (complexed PSA) and total PSA, which represents the sum of the free and complexed forms. We determined the normal distribution of values and established the appropriate reference ranges for these 3 molecular forms of PSA and their ratios (free-to-total, complexed-to-total and free-to-complexed PSA). Knowing the amount and ratio of these molecular forms appears to be useful in enhancing the ability of PSA to distinguish potentially curable prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia and in decreasing the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. Materials and Methods: A total of 422 healthy men 40 to 79 years old was randomly chosen from the male population of Olmsted County Minnesota and underwent a detailed clinical examination that included digital rectal examination, serum PSA determination and transrectal ultrasound to exclude the presence of prostate cancer. Using newly developed, monoclonal-monoclonal immunofluorometric assays for each molecular form, the free, complexed and total PSA, and the ratios of these 3 forms were determined for each study participant. Results: All 3 molecular forms correlated directly with patient age (r = 0.45, r = 0.43 and r = 0.45, respectively). Using the 95th percentile, the recommended age-specific reference ranges for the free, complexed and total PSA forms, respectively, are 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ng./ml. for men 40 to 49 years old; 0.7, 1.5 and 3.0 ng./ml. for men 50 to 59 years old; 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 ng./ml. for men 60 to 69 years old, and 1.2, 3.0 and 5.5 ng./ml. for men 70 to 79 years old. With regard to each of the ratios (free-to-total, complexed-to-total and free-to-complexed PSA) none correlated with patient age. As a result, the appropriate upper limit of normal (95th percentile) for all 3 ratios is constant for men of all ages. These reference ranges are greater than 0.15 for free-to-total PSA ratio, less than 0.70 for complexed-to-total PSA ratio and greater than 0.25 for free-to-complexed PSA ratio. The free-to-total PSA ratio will have its greatest value for men with a serum PSA value between 2 and 10 ng./ml. Conclusions: The establishment of appropriate reference ranges for free, complexed and total PSA as well as the ratios will allow the practicing urologist to incorporate these new parameters into the diagnostic evaluation of men at risk for early, potentially curable prostate cancer.
|
|
| 9. |
- Saetre, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
From wild wolf to domestic dog : gene expression changes in the brain
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-328X .- 1872-6941. ; 126:2, s. 198-206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the relatively recent divergence time between domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and gray wolves (Canis lupus), the two species show remarkable behavioral differences. Since dogs and wolves are nearly identical at the level of DNA sequence, we hypothesize that the two species may differ in patterns of gene expression. We compare gene expression patterns in dogs, wolves and a close relative, the coyote (Canis latrans), in three parts of the brain: hypothalamus, amygdala and frontal cortex, with microarray technology. Additionally, we identify genes with region-specific expression patterns in all three species. Among the wild canids, the hypothalamus has a highly conserved expression profile. This contrasts with a marked divergence in domestic dogs. Real-time PCR experiments confirm the altered expression of two neuropeptides, CALCB and NPY. Our results suggest that strong selection on dogs for behavior during domestication may have resulted in modifications of mRNA expression patterns in a few hypothalamic genes with multiple functions. This study indicates that rapid changes in brain gene expression may not be exclusive to the development of human brains. Instead, they may provide a common mechanism for rapid adaptive changes during speciation, particularly in cases that present strong selective pressures on behavioral characters.
|
|
| 10. |
- Skorodko, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Excitation of the Roper resonance in single- and double-pion production in nucleon-nucleon collisions
- 2008
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 35:3, s. 317-319
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most investigations the Roper resonance is sensed only very indirectly via complex partial-wave analyses. We find indications for its excitation in the invariant n pi(+) mass spectrum of the pp -> np pi(+) reaction at M approximate to 1360 MeV with a width of approximate to 150 MeV . The values fit very favorably to the most recent phase shift results as well as to the observations at BES. In the near-threshold two-pion production pp -> pp pi(0)pi(0) , where the Roper excitation and its subsequent decays via the routes N* -> Delta pi -> N pi pi and N* -> N sigma are the only dominant processes, we find its direct decay into the N sigma channel to be the by far dominating decay process -in favor of a monopole excitation of the Roper resonance.
|
|
