| 1. |
- Asp, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between mass media exposure and birth preparedness among women in southwestern Uganda: a community-based survey.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9880 .- 1654-9716. ; 7:1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background : Exposure to mass media provides increased awareness and knowledge, as well as changes in attitudes, social norms and behaviors that may lead to positive public health outcomes. Birth preparedness (i.e. the preparations for childbirth made by pregnant women, their families, and communities) increases the use of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) and hence reduces maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective : The aim of this study was to explore the association between media exposure and birth preparedness in rural Uganda. Method : A total of 765 recently delivered women from 120 villages in the Mbarara District of southwest Uganda were selected for a community-based survey using two-stage cluster sampling. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed with generalized linear mixed models using SPSS 21. Results : We found that 88.6% of the women surveyed listened to the radio and 33.9% read newspapers. Birth preparedness actions included were money saved (87.8%), identified SBA (64.3%), identified transport (60.1%), and purchased childbirth materials (20.7%). Women who had taken three or more actions were coded as well birth prepared (53.9%). Women who read newspapers were more likely to be birth prepared (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.2). High media exposure, i.e. regular exposure to radio, newspaper, or television, showed no significant association with birth preparedness (adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.9-2.0). Conclusion : Our results indicate that increased reading of newspapers can enhance birth preparedness and skilled birth attendance. Apart from general literacy skills, this requires newspapers to be accessible in terms of language, dissemination, and cost.
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| 2. |
- Asp, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges of immediate newborn care in maternity units in Lagos, Nigeria: An observational study.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-6893 .- 0144-3615. ; 31:7, s. 612-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substandard newborn care has been identified as a major contributor to the estimated annual 4 million neonatal deaths and 1 million fresh stillbirths. Low-income countries, including Nigeria account for more than 95% of all cases. A cross-sectional comparative study utilising non-participant observation methods was used to study perinatal care at two maternity centres in Lagos, Nigeria. Data on 63 mother-baby pairs were included in the study. Two stillbirths and two early neonatal deaths occurred during the study period, equally divided between the two hospitals. The partograph, a crucial tool for monitoring progress of labour, was in use in 77.4% vs 50% of cases at the two centres. The only interventions utilised for the prevention of hypothermia were drying and covering newborns with towels. Hygiene routines were poor and caring procedures did not demonstrate adequate knowledge related to a newborn's health. An enabling environment and supportive supervision is urgently required.
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| 3. |
- Bagni, T., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Results of the Quench Behavior of a Nb-Ti Canted-Cosine-Theta Corrector Magnet for LHC
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity (Print). - : IEEE. - 1051-8223 .- 1558-2515. ; 34:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A newly designed superconducting magnet of the Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCT) type was developed as a result of a collaboration between Swedish universities (Uppsala and Linneaus) and Swedish industries. This magnet was designed to function as a replacement of the present LHC orbit corrector magnets, which are approaching their end of life due to the radiation load. As a result, the new CCT magnet was developed to be more radiation tolerant and to constitute a one-to-one replacement to the currently installed version, which is a 1 m long 70 mm double aperture dipole magnet. The final magnet, which is currently under construction, will be tested at FREIA laboratory at Uppsala University and generate a magnetic field of 3.3 T and an integrated field of 2.8 Tm at about 85 A. To examine the magnet quench behavior and to identify a suitable quench protection system, the 3D electro-magnetic and thermal behavior of the coil was modeled using the RAT-Raccoon software. Based on the simulation results, a Metrosil varistor was selected to protect the magnet during the test. In this article, we report the results of the numerical analysis. The magnet model is equipped with a spot heater to initialize the quench and the temperature and voltages are monitored during the avalanche effect. The simulated current decay and the hot-spot temperature are analyzed with a focus on the impact of quench-back on the magnet protection.
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| 4. |
- Behra, Phani Rama Krishna, et al.
(författare)
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Extended insight into the Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex through whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum outbreak and Mycobacterium salmoniphilum-like strains
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Members of the Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex (MCAC) are close to the mycobacterial ancestor and includes both human, animal and fish pathogens. We present the genomes of 14 members of this complex: the complete genomes of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum and Mycobacterium chelonae type strains, seven M. salmoniphilum isolates, and five M. salmoniphilum-like strains including strains isolated during an outbreak in an animal facility at Uppsala University. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis and core gene phylogeny revealed that the M. salmoniphilum-like strains are variants of the human pathogen Mycobacterium franklinii and phylogenetically close to Mycobacterium abscessus. Our data further suggested that M. salmoniphilum separates into three branches named group I, II and III with the M. salmoniphilum type strain belonging to group II. Among predicted virulence factors, the presence of phospholipase C (plcC), which is a major virulence factor that makes M. abscessus highly cytotoxic to mouse macrophages, and that M. franklinii originally was isolated from infected humans make it plausible that the outbreak in the animal facility was caused by a M. salmoniphilum-like strain. Interestingly, M. salmoniphilum-like was isolated from tap water suggesting that it can be present in the environment. Moreover, we predicted the presence of mutational hotspots in the M. salmoniphilum isolates and 26% of these hotspots overlap with genes categorized as having roles in virulence, disease and defense. We also provide data about key genes involved in transcription and translation such as sigma factor, ribosomal protein and tRNA genes.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Do-Quang, Minh, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of the adsorption kinetics and the convection of surfactants in a weld pool
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of heat transfer. - : ASME International. - 0022-1481 .- 1528-8943. ; 130:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a comprehensive three-dimensional, time-dependent model for simulating the adsorption kinetics and the redistribution of surfactants at the surface and in the bulk of a weld pool. A physicochemical approach that was included in this paper allows the surfactant concentration at the surface and in the bulk to depart from its thermodynamical equilibrium. The Langmuir equilibrium adsorption ratio was based on the k(seg) coefficient of Sahoo (1988, "Surface-Tension of Binary Metal-Surface-Active Solute Systems Under Conditions Relevant to Welding Metallurgy," Metall. Trans. B, 19B, pp. 483-491) and was finally used for calculating fluid flow and heat transfer in gas tungsten arc welding of a super duplex stainless steel, SAF 2507. In this study, the authors applied the multicomponent surfactant mass transfer model to investigate the effect of the influence of sulfur and oxygen redistribution in welding of a super duplex stainless steel.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Elmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Movements and habitat choice of resident and translocated adult female Grass Snakes (Natrix natrix) during the egg-laying period
- 2019
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Ingår i: Herpetological Journal. - : BRITISH HERPETOL SOC. - 0268-0130. ; 29:4, s. 244-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used externally applied transmitters to study movements of female grass snakes (Natrix natrix) during the egg-laying period in a near-urban landscape in Sweden. Half of the studied snakes were residents while the other half were translocated individuals with no previous experience of the area. As predicted, resident females moved more goal-oriented and shorter distances than did translocated individuals. Habitat use did not differ between resident and translocated snakes; they were typically found in bushes, reeds, and tall vegetation. Habitat preference (use in relation to availability) showed that bushy habitats, tall grassy vegetation and reedbeds were over-used in proportion to availability, whereas forest and open grass lawns were used less than expected based on availability. Our study highlights the importance of preserving and restoring linear habitat components providing shelter and connectivity in conservation of grass snakes. We suggest that externally applied transmitters are a better option than surgically implanted ones in movement studies of grass snakes, and that translocation as a conservation method for snakes has drawbacks.
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| 9. |
- Jain, Vishal, et al.
(författare)
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Bias-dependent spectral tuning in InP nanowire-based photodetectors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - Bristol : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 28:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanowire array ensembles contacted in a vertical geometry are extensively studied and considered strong candidates for next generations of industrial scale optoelectronics. Key challenges in this development deal with optimization of the doping profile of the nanowires and the interface between nanowires and transparent top contact. Here we report on photodetection characteristics associated with doping profile variations in InP nanowire array photodetectors. Bias-dependent tuning of the spectral shape of the responsivity is observed which is attributed to a Schottky-like contact at the nanowire-ITO interface. Angular dependent responsivity measurements, compared with simulated absorption spectra, support this conclusion. Furthermore, electrical simulations unravel the role of possible self-gating effects in the nanowires induced by the ITO/SiO x wrap-gate geometry. Finally, we discuss possible reasons for the observed low saturation current at large forward biases.
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| 10. |
- Khina, Anatoly, et al.
(författare)
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Control Over Gaussian Channels With and Without Source-Channel Separation
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0018-9286 .- 1558-2523. ; 64:9, s. 3690-3705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the problem of controlling an unstable linear plant with Gaussian disturbances over an additive white Gaussian noise channel with an average transmit power constraint, where the signaling rate of communication may be different from the sampling rate of the underlying plant. Such a situation is quite common since sampling is done at a rate that captures the dynamics of the plant and that is often lower than the signaling rate of the communication channel. This rate mismatch offers the opportunity of improving the system performance by using coding over multiple channel uses to convey a single control action. In a traditional, separation-based approach to source and channel coding, the analog message is first quantized down to a few bits and then mapped to a channel codeword whose length is commensurate with the number of channel uses per sampled message. Applying the separation-based approach to control meets its challenges: first, the quantizer needs to be capable of zooming in and out to be able to track unbounded system disturbances, and second, the channel code must be capable of improving its estimates of the past transmissions exponentially with time, a characteristic known as anytime reliability. We implement a separated scheme by leveraging recently developed techniques for control over quantized-feedback channels and for efficient decoding of anytime-reliable codes. We further propose an alternative, namely, to perform analog joint source-channel coding, by this avoiding the digital domain altogether. For the case where the communication signaling rate is twice the sampling rate, we employ analog linear repetition as well as Shannon-Kotel'nikov maps to show a significant improvement in stability margins and linear-quadratic costs over separation-based schemes. We conclude that such analog coding performs better than separation, and can stabilize all moments as well as guarantee almost-sure stability.
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