| 1. |
- Morfeldt, Johannes, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Economic and operational factors in energy and climate indicators for the steel industry
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 8:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European steel producers need to increase energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions to meet requirements set by European policies. Robust indicators are needed to follow up these efforts. This bottom-up analysis of traditional energy and climate indicators is based on plant level data from three Swedish steel producers with different product portfolios and production processes. It concludes that indicators based on both physical and economic production are interlinked with aspects both within and outside the company gates. Results estimated with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) confirm that steel production has complex relationships with markets, societal context and operational character of the industry. The study concludes that: (i) physical indicators (based on crude steel production) may be useful at the process level, but not at the industry-wide level, (ii) the value added is not a reliable alternative since it cannot be properly estimated for companies belonging to larger international groups, and (iii) structural shifts may influence the results significantly, and veil improvements made at the process level. Finally, harmonized system boundary definitions are vital for making indicators comparable between companies. The use of traditional indicators, as defined today, may lead to uninformed decisions at the company as well as policy levels.
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| 2. |
- Morfeldt, Johannes, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Improving energy and climate indicators for the steel industry : the case of Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 107, s. 581-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy and climate indicators are required for monitoring and controlling the effectiveness of regional as well as national initiatives towards increasing energy efficiency and reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Indicators are also needed for monitoring measures implemented within companies. Recent studies show that traditional energy efficiency indicators do not capture product differentiation or value creation in the steel industry, while observed trends capture structural shifts instead. In this study, methods combining physical and techno-economic perspectives on energy and CO2 efficiency are proposed for alleviating these problems. The methods were evaluated using data from three Swedish steel producers. The results compensate for structural shifts when focused on physical production. When focused on economic production, the methods represent the value creation of the companies more strongly than traditional indicators. The proposed methods may be useful complements to traditional indicators for monitoring energy and CO2 efficiency. However, the trends show strong links with the economic climate, which may reduce companies’ possibilities of using the indicators for monitoring their own performance. The study confirms the high complexity in monitoring energy and CO2 efficiency within steel companies focused on high-value market segments. Further research is required in exploring issues related to data confidentiality, product portfolios and processes represented in the method, influence of external factors, and aggregating indicators at sectoral level.
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| 3. |
- Morfeldt, Johannes, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Robusta energi- och klimatindikatorer för stålindustrin
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditionellt använda indikatorer för att utvärdera energieffektivisering och växthusgasutsläppsminskning är energi per ton av ett produktslag, energi per förädlingsvärde, energi per produktionsvärde, växthusgasutsläpp per ton av ett produktslag, växthusgasutsläpp per förädlingsvärde samt växthusgasutsläpp per produktionsvärde. Inom järn- och stålsektorn används framför allt den fysiska indikatorn energi per producerat ton råstål. Detta forskningsprojekt har haft som mål att utvärdera och vidareutveckla energiindikatormetodologin. Sandvik Materials Technology (SMT), Höganäs Sweden AB och SSAB EMEA deltagit med detaljerade, specifika, företagsdata och insikter i produktion och marknad. Företagen representerar olika sätt att framställa stål i Sverige och kan därför anses i ett vidare perspektiv representera svensk stålindustri. Ett stort steg har tagits genom att skapa en bättre förståelse för hur företags strukturer och verksamheter påverkas av olika externa faktorer och på vilket sätt det speglas i de traditionella energieffektivitetsindikatorerna. Traditionella indikatorer är idag inte robusta nog att användas för att följa upp, eller styra, annat än separata processer inom företagen. De bör därför inte utgöra underlag för lagstiftning eller tillståndsprövning. De mer vidareutvecklade indikatorerna, som tagits fram i denna studie, är inte heller tillräckligt robusta för att användas för styrning, men kommer till rätta med några av de effekter som påverkar de traditionella. Effektivitetsindex baserade på den fysiska produktionsindikatorn minskar påverkan av strukturförändringar. Den ekonomiska produktionsindikatorn fångar tydligt produktvärde, men är starkt kopplad till det ekonomiska klimatet. Antalet parametrar som påverkar energieffektiviseringen är stort och endast ett fåtal har fortfarande beaktats. Energieffektivisering som har gjorts inom ramen för PFE syns i resultaten. Det är viktigt att utvecklingsarbetet kring indikatorer fortsätter då energi- och CO2-effektivitet är en central fråga både för stålindustrin och för samhället.
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| 4. |
- Westlund, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Rätt att bo kvar : en handbok i organisering mot hyreshöjningar och gentrifiering
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det här är en handbok som skrivits för att användas praktiskt i kampen om hyresrättens framtid. Boken har växt fram ur gemensamma erfarenheter av att ta strid mot renoveringar med höga hyreshöjningar som följd. Det har gett oss både kunskaper om lokal organisering och en övertygelse om vikten av att hyresgäster ska ha rätt till att påverka framtiden i de bostadsområden de bor i. De senaste åren har vi kunnat se hur hyreslägenheter renoveras med omfattande hyreshöjningar som följd. Konsekvenserna har blivit att många hyresgäster har tvingats flytta, ibland från bostadsområden de bott i under lång tid, då de inte längre har råd att betala hyran. Om inte hyresgäster går samman och kräver sina rättigheter kommer inget förändras och flera tusentals människor tvingas flytta. Den här handboken ska användas som ett praktiskt verktyg för lokal organisering. Vi som har gjort den här boken är engagerade i olika rörelser, några av oss är också forskare med inriktning mot bostad- spolitik och stadsutveckling. Boken har tillkommit genom en kollektiv process, där många varit inblandade för att bidra med sina erfarenheter och perspektiv. En lista med alla medverkande inklusive de rörelser som står bakom den här boken finns lägst bak.
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| 5. |
- Agardh, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Future Interaction with Today's Technology
- 1999
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Information Technology has an increasing part of our lives. In this thesis we will discuss how technology can relate to humans and human activity. We take our standing point in concepts like Calm Technology and Tacit Interaction and examine how these visions and concepts can be used in the process of designing an artifact for a real work practice. We have done work-place studies of truck-drivers and traffic leaders regarding how they find their way to the right addresses and design a truck navigation system that aims to suit the truck drivers work practice.
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| 6. |
- Ahlford, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Uppsala Underdogs - A Robot Soccer Project
- 2006
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In this paper, we describe the four-legged soccer team Uppsala Underdogs developed by a group of 4th year computer science students at Uppsala University during the fall of 2004. The project is based on the experience from two similar previous projects. This year the emphasis of the project has been on distribution of data and on support for evaluation and reconfiguration of strategies. To support data distribution, a middleware has been developed, which implements a replication algorithm and provides a clean interface for the other software modules (or behaviors). To enable easy reconfiguration of strategies, an automata-based graphical description language has been developed, which can be compiled into code that uses the database and the lower level modules, such as tactics and positioning, to make decisions and control the robot. In addition, a graphical simulator has been developed in which the strategies can be evaluated.
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| 7. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Entomologmötet på Gotland 2017: temaexkursion med fokus på vattenlevande skalbaggar, skinnbaggar och trollsländor i Äskåkersvät.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Entomologisk Tidskrift. - 0013-886X. ; 139:1, s. 39-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The yearly Swedish entomology meeting 2017 was organized by the local entomologysociety of Gotland, on the northern part of the Baltic island Gotland near Bunge, 4-6 August.One thematic excursion was focused on aquatic insects, especiallly aquatic beetles,bugs and dragonflies. A shallow pond, Äskåkersvät, with Characeae in an open grazedlandscape with high natural values was studied. Äskåkersvät lies just adjacent to the largerarea around lake Bästeträsk which is the focus of a pilot study evaluating its potential asa future national park. The pilot study is undertaken by Gotland County AdministrativeBoard, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Region Gotland and the SwedishAgency for Marine and Water Management. Here we give an annotated report of the 103species found: 69 species of water beetles (out of which 34 were Dytiscidae), 20 speciesof aquatic or semiaquatic bugs (out of which 10 were Corixidae), and 14 species of dragonflies.These include Hydrophilus piceus and H. aterrimus redlisted in Sweden (both asNT), and Dytiscus latissimus, globally redlisted (VU). We also noted the noble crayfish,Astacus astacus (redlisted as CR in Sweden) and the European medicinal leech Hirudomedicinalis (redlisted as NT globally). The blue emperor dragonfly (Anax imperator) wasnoted, a species first recorded from Gotland in 2002 and we present a graph on its increaseand spreading on the island since. The number of species found in spite of a relativelymodest collecting effort at a suboptimal time when many species may be in pupal stage outof water as witnessed by many teneral individuals, indicates a species rich locality withhigh natural value. The stoneworts (Characeae) vegetation certainly contributes to this, forinstance vouched for by the occurrence of specialists as Haliplus confinis and H. obliquuswhose larvae feed on stoneworts.
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| 8. |
- Campos-Pereira, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of pH, surface charge and soil properties on the solid-solution partitioning of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a wide range of temperate soils
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pH-dependent soil-water partitioning of six perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) of environmental concern (PFOA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFHxS, PFOS and FOSA), was investigated for 11 temperate mineral soils and related to soil properties such as organic carbon content (0.2-3%), concentrations of Fe and Al (hydr)oxides, and texture. PFAS sorption was positively related to the perfluorocarbon chain length of the molecule, and inversely related to solution pH for all substances. The negative slope between log Kd and pH became steeper with increasing perfluorocarbon chain length of the PFAS (r2 = 0.75, p <= 0.05). Organic carbon (OC) alone was a poor predictor of the partitioning for all PFASs, except for FOSA (r2 = 0.71), and the OC-normalized PFAS partitioning, as derived from organic soil materials, underestimated PFAS sorption to the soils. Multiple linear regression suggested sorption contributions (p <= 0.05) from OC for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and FOSA, and Fe/Al (hydr) oxides for PFOS, FOSA, and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA). FOSA was the only substance under study for which there was a statistically significant correlation between its binding and soil texture (silt + clay). To predict PFAS sorption, the surface net charge of the soil organic matter fraction of all soils was calculated using the Stockholm Humic Model. When calibrated against charge-dependent PFAS sorption to a peat (Oe) material, the derived model significantly underestimated the measured Kd values for 10 out of 11 soils. To conclude, additional
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| 9. |
- Colson, Jérôme, et al.
(författare)
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Adhesion properties of regenerated lignocellulosic fibres towards poly(lactic acid) microspheres assessed by colloidal probe technique
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-7103 .- 0021-9797. ; 532, s. 819-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the field of polymer reinforcement, it is important to understand the interactions involved between the polymer matrix and the reinforcing component. This paper is a contribution to the fundamental understanding of the adhesion mechanisms involved in natural fibre reinforced composites. We report on the use of the colloidal probe technique for the assessment of the adhesion behaviour between poly(lactic acid) microspheres and embedded cross-sections of regenerated lignocellulosic fibres. These fibres consisted of tailored mixtures of cellulose, lignin and xylan, the amount of which was determined beforehand. The influence of the chemical composition of the fibres on the adhesion behaviour was studied in ambient air and in dry atmosphere. In ambient air, capillary forces resulted in larger adhesion between the sphere and the fibres. Changing the ambient medium to a dry nitrogen atmosphere allowed reducing the capillary forces, leading to a drop in the adhesion forces. Differences between fibres of distinct chemical compositions could be measured only on freshly cut surfaces. Moreover, the surface energy of the fibres was assessed by inverse gas chromatography. Compared to fibres containing solely cellulose, the presence of lignin and/or hemicellulose led to higher adhesion and lower surface energy, suggesting that these chemicals could serve as natural coupling agents between hydrophobic and hydrophilic components.
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| 10. |
- Corrêa, Gregório B., et al.
(författare)
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Raman characterization of single-crystalline Ga0.96Mn0.04As:Zn nanowires realized by ion-implantation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - Bristol : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 30:33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent progress in the realization of magnetic GaAs nanowires (NWs) doped with Mn has attracted a lot of attention due to their potential application in spintronics. In this work, we present a detailed Raman investigation of the structural properties of Zn doped GaAs (GaAs:Zn) and Mn-implanted GaAs:Zn (Ga0.96Mn0.04As:Zn) NWs. A significant broadening and redshift of the optical TO and LO phonon modes are observed for these NWs compared to as-grown undoped wires, which is attributed to strain induced by the Zn/Mn doping and to the presence of implantation-related defects. Moreover, the LO phonon modes are strongly damped, which is interpreted in terms of a strong LO phonon-plasmon coupling, induced by the free hole concentration. Moreover, we report on two new interesting Raman phonon modes (191 and 252 cm-1) observed in Mn ion-implanted NWs, which we attribute to Eg (TO) and A1g (LO) vibrational modes in a sheet layer of crystalline arsenic present on the surface of the NWs. This conclusion is supported by fitting the observed Raman shifts for the SO phonon modes to a theoretical dispersion function for a GaAs NW capped with a dielectric shell.
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