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- Mori, R. Alonso, et al.
(författare)
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Sulfur-Metal Orbital Hybridization in Sulfur-Bearing Compounds Studied by X-ray Emission Spectroscopy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 49:14, s. 6468-6473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure and ligand environment of sulfur was investigated in various sulfur-containing compounds with different structures and chemical states by using X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). Calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in the StoBe code. The sulfur chemical state and atomic environment is discussed in terms of the molecular orbitals and partial charges that are obtained from the calculations. The main spectral features can be modeled using our calculational approach. The sensitivity of the K beta emission to the cation and the local symmetry is discussed.
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3. |
- Anniyev, Toyli, et al.
(författare)
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Complementarity between high-energy photoelectron and L-edge spectroscopy for probing the electronic structure of 5d transition metal catalysts
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 12:21, s. 5694-5700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate the successful use of hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) for selectively probing the platinum partial d-density of states (DOS) in a Pt-Cu nanoparticle catalyst which shows activity superior to pure Pt towards the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR). The information about occupied Pt d-band states was complemented by Pt L-2-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), which probes unoccupied valence states. We found a significant electronic perturbation of the Pt projected d-DOS which was narrowed and shifted to higher binding energy compared to pure platinum. The effect of this electronic structure perturbation on the chemical properties of the nanoparticle surface is discussed in terms of the d-band model. We have thereby demonstrated that the combination of L-edge spectroscopy and HAXPES allows for an experimental derivation of the valence electronic structure in an element-specific way for 5d metal catalysts.
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5. |
- Huang, C, et al.
(författare)
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The inhomogeneous structure of water at ambient conditions
- 2009
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:36, s. 15214-15218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is used to demonstrate the presence of density fluctuations in ambient water on a physical length-scale of approximate to 1 nm; this is retained with decreasing temperature while the magnitude is enhanced. In contrast, the magnitude of fluctuations in a normal liquid, such as CCl4, exhibits no enhancement with decreasing temperature, as is also the case for water from molecular dynamics simulations under ambient conditions. Based on X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray Raman scattering data we propose that the density difference contrast in SAXS is due to fluctuations between tetrahedral-like and hydrogen-bond distorted structures related to, respectively, low and high density water. We combine our experimental observations to propose a model of water as a temperature-dependent, fluctuating equilibrium between the two types of local structures driven by incommensurate requirements for minimizing enthalpy (strong near-tetrahedral hydrogen-bonds) and maximizing entropy (non-directional H-bonds and disorder). The present results provide experimental evidence that the extreme differences anticipated in the hydrogen-bonding environment in the deeply supercooled regime surprisingly remain in bulk water even at conditions ranging from ambient up to close to the boiling point.
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6. |
- Miller, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Low O-2 dissociation barrier on Pt(111) due to adsorbate-adsorbate interactions
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 133:22, s. 224701-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- O2 dissociation on Pt(111) has been followed at low and saturation coverage using temperature-programmed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and simulated with mean-field kinetic modeling, yielding dissociation (Ea) and desorption (Ed) barriers of 0.32 and 0.36 eV, respectively. DFT calculations show that Ea is strongly influenced by the O–O interatomic potential in the atomic final state: of the supercells considered, that which maximizes attractive third-nearest-neighbor interactions in the atomic final state yields both the lowest computed dissociation barrier (0.24 eV) and the best agreement with experiment. It is proposed that the effect of adsorbate-adsorbate interactions must be considered when modeling catalytic processes involving dissociative steps.
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7. |
- Risberg, Emiliana, Damian, et al.
(författare)
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Sulfur X-ray absorption and vibrational spectroscopic study of sulfite, sulfur dioxide and sulfonate solutions, and of the substituted sulfonate ions X3CSO3- (X = H, Cl, F)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 46:20, s. 8332-8348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra have been recorded and the S(1s) electron excitations evaluated by means of density functional theory−transition potential (DFT−TP) calculations to provide insight into the coordination, bonding, and electronic structure. The XANES spectra for the various species in sulfur dioxide and aqueous sodium sulfite solutions show considerable differences at different pH values in the environmentally important sulfite(IV) system. In strongly acidic (pH < 1) aqueous sulfite solution the XANES spectra confirm that the hydrated sulfur dioxide molecule, SO2(aq), dominates. The theoretical spectra are consistent with an OSO angle of 119° in gas phase and acetonitrile solution, while in aqueous solution hydrogen bonding reduces the angle to 116°. The hydration affects the XANES spectra also for the sulfite ion, SO32-. At intermediate pH (4) the two coordination isomers, the sulfonate (HSO3-) and hydrogen sulfite (SO3H-) ions with the hydrogen atom coordinated to sulfur and oxygen, respectively, could be distinguished with the ratio HSO3-:SO3H- about 0.28:0.72 at 298 K. The relative amount of HSO3- increased with increasing temperature in the investigated range from 275 to 343 K. XANES spectra of sulfonate, methanesulfonate, trichloromethanesulfonate, and trifluoromethanesulfonate compounds, all with closely similar S−O bond distances in tetrahedral configuration around the sulfur atom, were interpreted by DFT−TP computations. The energy of their main electronic transition from the sulfur K-shell is about 2478 eV. The additional absorption features are similar when a hydrogen atom or an electron-donating methyl group is bonded to the −SO3 group. Significant changes occur for the electronegative trichloromethyl (Cl3C−) and trifluoromethyl (F3C−) groups, which strongly affect the distribution especially of the π electrons around the sulfur atom. The S−D bond distance 1.38(2) Å was obtained for the deuterated sulfonate (DSO3-) ion by Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data of CsDSO3. Raman and infrared absorption spectra of the CsHSO3, CsDSO3, H3CSO3Na, and Cl3CSO3Na·H2O compounds and Raman spectra of the sulfite solutions have been interpreted by normal coordinate calculations. The C−S stretching force constant for the trichloromethanesulfonate ion obtains an anomalously low value due to steric repulsion between the Cl3C− and −SO3 groups. The S−O stretching force constants were correlated with corresponding S−O bond distances for several oxosulfur species.
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9. |
- Schiros, Theanne, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperativity in Surface Bonding and Hydrogen Bonding of Water and Hydroxyl at Metal Surfaces
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 114:22, s. 10240-10248
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We examine the balance of surface bonding and hydrogen bonding in the mixed OH + H2O overlayer on Pt(111), Cu(111), and Cu(110) via density functional theory calculations. We find that there is a cooperativity effect between surface bonding and hydrogen bonding that underlies the stability of the mixed phase at metal surfaces. The surface bonding can be considered to be similar to accepting a hydrogen bond, and we can thereby apply general cooperativity rules developed for hydrogen-bonded systems. This provides a simple understanding of why water molecules become more strongly bonded to the surface upon hydrogen bonding to OH and why the OH surface bonding is instead weakened through hydrogen bonding to water. We extend the application of this simple model to other observed cooperativity effects for pure water adsorption systems and H3O+ on metal surfaces.
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