| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Alpizar, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Spillovers from targeting of incentives: Exploring responses to being excluded
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Economic Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4870 .- 1872-7719. ; 59, s. 87-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing set of policies involve transfers conditioned upon socially desired actions, such as attending school or conserving forest. However, given a desire to maximize the impact of limited funds by avoiding transfers that do not change behavior, typically some potential recipients are excluded on the basis of their characteristics, their actions or at random. This paper uses a laboratory experiment to study the behavior of individuals excluded on different bases from a new incentive that encourages real monetary donations to a public environmental conservation program. We show that the donations from the individuals who were excluded based on prior high contributions fell significantly. Yet the rationale used for exclusion mattered, in that none of the other selection criteria used as the basis for exclusion resulted in negative effects on contributions. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 5. |
- Berner, G., et al.
(författare)
-
LaAlO3/SrTiO3 oxide heterostructures studied by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:24, s. 241405-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the application of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to explore the nature of the single conducting interface in the oxide heterostructure LaAlO/sub 3//SrTiO/sub 3/. From the Ti 3d crystal-field excitations measured at the Ti L/sub 3/ resonance we not only derive information on the local geometry at the interface but are also able to follow the evolution of the sheet carrier density with the thickness of the LaAlO/sub 3/ overlayer. These findings confirm after calibration to previous hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements that the charge density from spectroscopy exceeds the one derived from Hall-effect measurements, indicating the coexistence of itinerant /i and/ localized Ti 3d electrons at the interface. On the other hand, we observe a saturation of the charge-carrier concentration above a LaAlO/sub 3/ thickness of 6 unit cells at ~1*10/sup 14/ cm/sup -2/, well below the canonical value for ideal electronic reconstruction.
|
|
| 6. |
- Campbell, Bruce C V, et al.
(författare)
-
Extending thrombolysis to 4·5-9 h and wake-up stroke using perfusion imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Lancet (London, England). - 1474-547X. ; 394:10193, s. 139-147
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stroke thrombolysis with alteplase is currently recommended 0-4·5 h after stroke onset. We aimed to determine whether perfusion imaging can identify patients with salvageable brain tissue with symptoms 4·5 h or more from stroke onset or with symptoms on waking who might benefit from thrombolysis.In this systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data, we searched PubMed for randomised trials published in English between Jan 1, 2006, and March 1, 2019. We also reviewed the reference list of a previous systematic review of thrombolysis and searched ClinicalTrials.gov for interventional studies of ischaemic stroke. Studies of alteplase versus placebo in patients (aged ≥18 years) with ischaemic stroke treated more than 4·5 h after onset, or with wake-up stroke, who were imaged with perfusion-diffusion MRI or CT perfusion were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0-1) at 3 months, adjusted for baseline age and clinical severity. Safety outcomes were death and symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage. We calculated odds ratios, adjusted for baseline age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, using mixed-effects logistic regression models. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019128036.We identified three trials that met eligibility criteria: EXTEND, ECASS4-EXTEND, and EPITHET. Of the 414 patients included in the three trials, 213 (51%) were assigned to receive alteplase and 201 (49%) were assigned to receive placebo. Overall, 211 patients in the alteplase group and 199 patients in the placebo group had mRS assessment data at 3 months and thus were included in the analysis of the primary outcome. 76 (36%) of 211 patients in the alteplase group and 58 (29%) of 199 patients in the placebo group had achieved excellent functional outcome at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1·86, 95% CI 1·15-2·99, p=0·011). Symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage was more common in the alteplase group than the placebo group (ten [5%] of 213 patients vs one [<1%] of 201 patients in the placebo group; adjusted OR 9·7, 95% CI 1·23-76·55, p=0·031). 29 (14%) of 213 patients in the alteplase group and 18 (9%) of 201 patients in the placebo group died (adjusted OR 1·55, 0·81-2·96, p=0·66).Patients with ischaemic stroke 4·5-9 h from stroke onset or wake-up stroke with salvageable brain tissue who were treated with alteplase achieved better functional outcomes than did patients given placebo. The rate of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage was higher with alteplase, but this increase did not negate the overall net benefit of thrombolysis.None.
|
|
| 7. |
- Diaz, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 366:6471
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human impact on life on Earth has increased sharply since the 1970s, driven by the demands of a growing population with rising average per capita income. Nature is currently supplying more materials than ever before, but this has come at the high cost of unprecedented global declines in the extent and integrity of ecosystems, distinctness of local ecological communities, abundance and number of wild species, and the number of local domesticated varieties. Such changes reduce vital benefits that people receive from nature and threaten the quality of life of future generations. Both the benefits of an expanding economy and the costs of reducing nature's benefits are unequally distributed. The fabric of life on which we all depend-nature and its contributions to people-is unravelling rapidly. Despite the severity of the threats and lack of enough progress in tackling them to date, opportunities exist to change future trajectories through transformative action. Such action must begin immediately, however, and address the root economic, social, and technological causes of nature's deterioration.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Harvey, P, et al.
(författare)
-
The electric field instrument on the Polar satellite
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 71, s. 583-596
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Polar satellite carries a system of four wire booms in the spacecraft spin plane and two rigid booms along the spin axis. Each of the booms has a spherical sensor at its tip along with nearby guard and stub surfaces whose potentials relative to that of their sphere are controlled by associated electronics. The potential differences between opposite sphere pairs are measured to yield the three components of the DC to >1 MHz electric field. Spheres can also be operated in a mode in which their collected current is measured to give information on the plasma density and its fluctuations. The scientific studies to be performed by this experiment as well as the mechanical and electrical properties of the detector system are described.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lissek, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Building Bridges through Science
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-4199 .- 0896-6273. ; 96:4, s. 730-735
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
