| 1. |
- Philipson, Joakim, 1958-
(författare)
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Identifying PIDs playing FAIR
- 2019
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Ingår i: Data Science. - 2451-8484 .- 2451-8492. ; 2:1-2, s. 229-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is an extended, revised version of Philipson (2017). Findability and interoperability of some PIDs, Persistent Identifers, and their compliance with the FAIR data principles are explored, where ARKs, Archival Reource Keys, were added in this version. It is suggested that the wide distribution and findability (e.g. by simple ‘googling’) on the internet may be as important for the usefulness of PIDs as the resolvability of PID URIs – Uniform Resource Identifiers. This version also includes new reasoning about why sometimes PIDs such as DOIs, Digital Object Identifiers, are not used in citations. The prevalence of phenomena such as link rot implies that URIs cannot always be trusted to be persistently resolvable. By contrast, the well distributed, but seldom directly resolvable ISBN, International Standard Book Number, has proved remarkably resilient, with far-reaching persistence, inherent structural meaning and good validatability, through fixed string-length, pattern-recognition, restricted character set and check digit. Examples of regular expressions used for validation of PIDs are supplied or referenced. The suggestion to add context and meaning to PIDs, making them “identify themselves”, through namespace prefixes and object types is more elaborate in this version. Meaning can also be inherent through structural elements, such as well defined, restricted string patterns, that at the same time make PIDs more “validatable”. Concluding this version is a generic, refined model for a PID with these properties, in which namespaces are instrumental as custodians, meaning-givers and validation schema providers. A draft example of a Schematron schema for validation of “new” PIDs in accordance with the proposed model is provided.
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| 2. |
- Philipson, Joakim, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Making Data Management Plans Machine Actionable: Templates and Tools
- 2023
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Ingår i: Data Science Journal. - 1683-1470. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since September of 2019, a task group within the European Open Science Cloud - EOSC Nordic Project, work-package 5 (T5.3.2), has focused its attention on machine-actionable Data Management Plans (maDMPs). A delivery working-paper from the group (Hasan et al. 2021) concluded in summary that extracting useful information from traditional free-text based DMPs is problematic. While maDMPs are generally more FAIR compliant, and as such accessible to both humans and machines, more interoperable with other systems, and serving different stakeholders for processing, sharing, evaluation and reuse. Different DMP tools and templates have developed independently, to a varying degree, allowing for the creation of genuinely machine actionable DMPs. Here we will describe the first three tools or projects for creating maDMPs that were central parts of the original task group mission. We will get into a more detailed account of one of these, specifically the Stockholm University – EOSC Nordic maDMP project using the DMP Online tool, as described by Philipson (2021). We will also briefly touch upon some other current tools and projects for creating maDMPs that are compliant with the RDA DMP Common Standard (RDCS), aiming for integration with other research information systems or research data repositories. A possible conclusion from this overview is that the development of tools for maDMPs is progressing fast and seems to converge towards a common standard. Nonetheless, there remains an immense amount of work to get there.
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| 3. |
- Philipson, Joakim, 1958-
(författare)
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The Purpose of Evolution : the 'struggle for existence' in the Russian-Jewish press 1860-1900
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In late 19th century Russia, Darwinism was viewed as a measuring-rod of modernity. Thus, the Jewish reception of Darwinism may serve as an indicator of the extent to which the Jews in Russia were part of the modernization of Russian society. But the Darwinian concept of evolution of species through natural selection is considered incompatible with a teleological worldview, including a God-given plan for creation. This thesis addresses a twofold problem. One concerns the difficulties of reconciling Darwinism with Judaism and its traditional view of a God-given purpose in creation. The other problem is to explain the possible motives of the Jewish intellectuals for using Darwinian concepts such as the ‘struggle for existence’ in journal articles in the emerging Russian-Jewish press. The study employs discourse analysis, and the concept of isomorphism from institutional theory, for the examination of key concepts, citations, implied readers and purposes in a selection of journal articles from the Russian-Jewish press of the period 1860-1900. Contrasting with the lively general Russian debate on Darwinism, the results show that the Jews in Russia were rather reluctant to discuss Darwinism in the Russian-Jewish press. Censorship, other constraints and imminent problems facing the Jews, such as defence against growing anti-Semitism, are indicated as possible causes of the minimal evidence of a Jewish reception of Darwinism that was found. It was only to the extent that Darwinian concepts such as the ‘struggle for existence’ could be employed to address these more pressing issues that they were they found useful in a Jewish context. The results further imply that the integration between Russian and Jewish intellectuals during this period was weak, as reflected by the insignificant number of references to Russian sources in the selection of Jewish journal articles that were examined.
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| 4. |
- Philipson, Joakim, 1958-
(författare)
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The Red Queen in the Repository
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Digital Curation. - Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Library. - 1746-8256. ; 15:1, s. 16-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the grand curation challenges is to secure metadata quality in the ever-changing environment of metadata standards and file formats. As the Red Queen tells Alice in Through the Looking-Glass: “Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.” That is, there is some “running” needed to keep metadata records in a research data repository fit for long-term use and put in place. One of the main tools of adaptation and keeping pace with the evolution of new standards, formats – and versions of standards in this ever-changing environment are validation schemas. Validation schemas are mainly seen as methods of checking data quality and fitness for use, but are also important for long-term preservation. We might like to think that our present (meta)data standards and formats are made for eternity, but in reality we know that standards evolve, formats change (some even become obsolete with time), and so do our needs for storage, searching and future dissemination for re-use. Eventually, we come to a point where transformation of our archival records and migration to other formats will be necessary. This could also mean that even if the AIPs, the Archival Information Packages stay the same in storage, the DIPs, the Dissemination Information Packages that we want to extract from the archive are subject to change of format. Further, in order for archival information packages to be self-sustainable, as required in the OAIS model, it is important to take interdependencies between individual files in the information packages into account. This should be done already by the time of ingest and validation of the SIPs, the Submission Information Packages, and along the line at different points of necessary transformation/migration (from SIP to AIP, from AIP to DIP etc.), in order to counter obsolescence.This paper investigates possible validation errors and missing elements in metadata records from three general purpose, multidisciplinary research data repositories – Figshare, Harvard’s Dataverse and Zenodo, and explores the potential effects of these errors on future transformation to AIPs and migration to other formats within a digital archive.
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| 5. |
- Philipson, Joakim, 1958-
(författare)
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What's in a name? : Sense and Reference in biodiversity information
- 2016
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Ingår i: TDWG 2016 Annual Conference, Santa Clara de San Carlos, COSTA RICA, 5-9 December, 2016. - : Missouri Botanical Garden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." Shakespeare has Juliet tell her Romeo that a name is just a convention without meaning, what counts is the reference, the 'thing itself', to which the property of smelling sweet pertains alone. Frege in his classical paper “Über Sinn und Bedeutung” was not so sure, he assumed names can be inherently meaningful, even without a known reference. And Wittgenstein later in Philosophical Investigations (PI) seems to deny the sheer arbitrariness of names and reject looking for meaning out of context, by pointing to our inability to just utter some random sounds and by that really implying e.g. the door. The word cannot simply be separated from its meaning, in the same way as the money from the cow that could be bought for them (PI 120). Scientific names of biota, in particular, are often descriptive of properties pertaining to the organism or species itself. On the other hand, in semantic web technology and Linked Open Data (LOD) there is an overall effort to replace names by their references, in the form of web links or Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). “Things, not strings” is the motto. But, even in view of the many "challenges with using names to link digital biodiversity information" that were extensively described in a recent paper, would it at all be possible or even desirable to replace scientific names of biota with URIs? Or would it be sufficient to just identify equivalence relationships between different variants of names of the same biota, having the same reference, and then just link them to the same “thing”, by means of a property sameAs(URI)? The Global Names Architecture (GNA) has a resolver of scientific names that is already doing that kind of work, linking names of biota such as Pinus thunbergii to global identifiers and URIs from other data sources, such as Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) and uBio Namebank. But there may be other challenges with going from a “natural language”, even from a not entirely coherent system of scientific names, to a semantic web ontology, a solution to some of which have been proposed recently by means of so called 'lexical bridges'.
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