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- De Vincentis, A., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic and genetic determinants for progression to severe liver disease in subjects with obesity from the UK Biobank
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 46, s. 486-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Obesity is among the main determinants of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression towards severe liver disease (SLD). However, risk factors for SLD in individuals with obesity have not been examined. Objectives To identify the independent risk factors for SLD among participants with obesity from the UK Biobank. Methods A total of 80,224 UK Biobank participants with obesity (body mass index[BMI] > 30 kg/m(2)) and 242,822 without obesity, of European descent without clinical history of liver disease and liver cancer were prospectively followed for the onset of SLD, defined as a composite diagnosis of cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma and/or liver transplantation. Risk factors for incident SLD were assessed by Cox proportional hazards models. Different clinical phenotypes were derived by latent class analysis (LCA). Results Obesity conferred a 2.6-fold increased risk for SLD that was abolished after the inclusion of waist circumference (WC) in the model. Among individuals with obesity, age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.05, 95%CI 1.03-1.07, p = 3.9 * 10(-7)), type 2 diabetes (aHR 2.18, 95%CI 1.55-3.05, p = 6.2 * 10(-6)), PNPLA3 rs738409 (aHR 1.59, 95%CI 1.33-1.9, p = 3.1 * 10(-7)) and WC (aHR 1.04, 95%CI 1.02-1.06, p = 8.5 * 10(-6)) were independent predictors of SLD. BMI category-specific WC thresholds allowed a better risk stratification compared to traditional ones. By LCA, the clinical phenotype at highest risk for SLD was that with BMI < 35 kg/m(2) and WC above BMI-category specific thresholds. Conclusions Age, WC, type 2 diabetes, and the PNPLA3 variant are the main risk factors for SLD in individuals with obesity. WC is the principal mediator of SLD risk conveyed by increased BMI. BMI category-specific WC-thresholds may refine the SLD risk more accurately than traditional thresholds.
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- Falahzadeh, A., et al.
(författare)
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A New Coastal Crawler Prototype to Expand the Ecological Monitoring Radius of OBSEA Cabled Observatory
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of marine cabled video observatories with multiparametric environmental data collection capability is becoming relevant for ecological monitoring strategies. Their ecosystem surveying can be enforced in real time, remotely, and continuously, over consecutive days, seasons, and even years. Unfortunately, as most observatories perform such monitoring with fixed cameras, the ecological value of their data is limited to a narrow field of view, possibly not representative of the local habitat heterogeneity. Docked mobile robotic platforms could be used to extend data collection to larger, and hence more ecologically representative areas. Among the various state-of-the-art underwater robotic platforms available, benthic crawlers are excellent candidates to perform ecological monitoring tasks in combination with cabled observatories. Although they are normally used in the deep sea, their high positioning stability, low acoustic signature, and low energetic consumption, especially during stationary phases, make them suitable for coastal operations. In this paper, we present the integration of a benthic crawler into a coastal cabled observatory (OBSEA) to extend its monitoring radius and collect more ecologically representative data. The extension of the monitoring radius was obtained by remotely operating the crawler to enforce back-and-forth drives along specific transects while recording videos with the onboard cameras. The ecological relevance of the monitoring-radius extension was demonstrated by performing a visual census of the species observed with the crawler's cameras in comparison to the observatory's fixed cameras, revealing non-negligible differences. Additionally, the videos recorded from the crawler's cameras during the transects were used to demonstrate an automated photo-mosaic of the seabed for the first time on this class of vehicles. In the present work, the crawler travelled in an area of 40 m away from the OBSEA, producing an extension of the monitoring field of view (FOV), and covering an area approximately 230 times larger than OBSEA's camera. The analysis of the videos obtained from the crawler's and the observatory's cameras revealed differences in the species observed. Future implementation scenarios are also discussed in relation to mission autonomy to perform imaging across spatial heterogeneity gradients around the OBSEA.
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