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- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Forest biomass, carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. From Science to Policy 3
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Paris Agreement and the EU Climate and Energy Framework set ambitious but necessary targets. Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by phasing out the technologies and infrastructures that cause fossil carbon emissions is one of today’s most important challenges. In the EU, bioenergy is currently the largest renewable energy source used. Most Member States have in absolute terms increased the use of forest biomass for energy to reach their 2020 renewable energy targets.In recent years, the issue of ‘carbon neutrality’ has been debated with regard to the bioenergy products that are produced from forest biomass. There is no clear consensus among scientists on the issue and their messages may even appear contradictory to decision-makers and citizens. Divergence arises because scientists address the issue from different points of view, which can all be valid. It is important to find agreement on some basic principles, to inform policy makers. Guidance is also needed on how the results should be interpreted.This report provides insights into the current scientific debate on forest biomass, carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. It draws on the science literature to give a balanced and policy-relevant synthesis, from both an EU and global perspective.
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- Chum, H., et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability indicators - A review of the literature
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 AIChE Spring Meeting and 7th Global Congress on Process Safety, Conference Proceedings. 11AIChE, Chicago, IL, 13 - 17 March 2011. - 9780816910670 ; , s. 3 (p)-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomass for energy is an issue that crosses many sectors including climate, energy, land-use, and development policies. A discussion on sustainability indicators covers variables that define the extent to which land- and biomass-based energy can contribute to climate change mitigation; complexities associated with biomass resources; impact indicators of bioenergy performance; policy approaches seeking to facilitate choices of technologies, products, and locations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; environmental impacts of bioenergy systems; the displacement factor; roundtable groups seeking to establish accreditation systems based on indicator systems; Fischer-Tropsch diesel production; and contextual issues and conditions that characterize large-scale biomass energy as an essential part of informed decision making. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 2011 AIChE Spring Meeting & 7th Global Congress on Process Safety (Chicago, IL 3/13-17/2011).
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- Schlamadinger, B, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Standard Methodology for Greenhouse Gas Balances of Bioenergy System in Comparison with Fossil Fuel System, Biomass and Bioenergy
- 1997
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Ingår i: Biomass & Bioenergy. - 1873-2909. ; 13:6, s. 359-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, which was prepared as part of IEA Bioenergy Task XV (“Greenhouse Gas Balances of Bioenergy Systems”), we outline a standard methodology for comparing the greenhouse gas balances of bioenergy systems with those of fossil energy systems. Emphasis is on a careful definition of system boundaries. The following issues are dealt with in detail: time interval analysed and changes of carbon stocks; reference energy systems; energy inputs required to produce, process and transport fuels; mass and energy losses along the entire fuel chain; energy embodied in facility infrastructure; distribution systems; cogeneration systems; by-products; waste wood and other biomass waste for energy; reference land use; and other environmental issues. For each of these areas recommendations are given on how analyses of greenhouse gas balances should be performed. In some cases we also point out alternative ways of doing the greenhouse gas accounting. Finally, the paper gives some recommendations on how bioenergy systems should be optimized from a greenhouse-gas-emissions point of view.
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