| 1. |
- Conley, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Hypoxia-Related Processes in the Baltic Sea
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 43:10, s. 3412-3420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypoxia, a growing worldwide problem, has been intermittently present in the modern Baltic Sea since its formation ca. 8000 cal. yr BP. However, both the spatial extent and intensity of hypoxia have increased with anthropogenic eutrophication due to nutrient inputs. Physical processes, which control stratification and the renewal of oxygen in bottom waters, are important constraints on the formation and maintenance of hypoxia. Climate controlled inflows of saline water from the North Sea through the Danish Straits is a critical controlling factor governing the spatial extent and duration of hypoxia. Hypoxia regulates the biogeochemical cycles of both phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the water column and sediments. Significant amounts of P are currently released from sediments, an order of magnitude larger than anthropogenic inputs. The Baltic Sea is unique for coastal marine ecosystems experiencing N losses in hypoxic waters below the halocline. Although benthic communities in the Baltic Sea are naturally constrained by salinity gradients, hypoxia has resulted in habitat loss over vast areas and the elimination of benthic fauna, and has severely disrupted benthic food webs. Nutrient load reductions are needed to reduce the extent, severity, and effects of hypoxia.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 4. |
- Kiirikki, Mikko, et al.
(författare)
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A simple sediment process description suitable for 3D-ecosystem modelling — Development and testing in the Gulf of Finland
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963. ; 61:1-2, s. 55-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ecosystem of the Gulf of Finland is currently dominated by internal phosphorus loading from sediments. The internal load is highly redox sensitive, and its successful modelling on basin-wide scale requires a simplified description of the sediment process. We present here an approach in which redox-sensitive sediment processes are directly linked to the decomposition of carbon instead of the oxygen concentration in near-bottom water. Mineralisation of organic carbon is known to be the major factor controlling sediment nutrient cycling, including denitrification and Fe(III) oxide reduction, giving rise to high phosphorus fluxes from anoxic sediments. Our sediment process description requires only four main parameters, which are here identified by using in situ CO2, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) flux measurements carried out by Göteborg University landers. The model was tested with the aid of time series of denitrification and DIP flux rates measured in the western Gulf of Finland. Modelled near-bottom and surface nutrient concentrations were compared with monitoring data from both the eastern and western Gulf of Finland. The model simulations showed that the average net ecosystem production entering the sediment surface from the euphotic layer was 49 g C m− 2 a− 1. This organic load induced an average denitrification rate of 2.5 g N m− 2 a− 1 and DIP flux of 0.67 g P m− 2 a− 1, corresponding to 20,200 t P a− 1 for the whole Gulf of Finland. The model was able to describe the seasonality of denitrification and sediment DIP flux with high precision. Further, the modelled near-bottom and surface nutrient concentrations were compatible with the available data. The results indicate that, on the scales important for coastal and open sea conditions, our simple sediment process description works well. The new tool will help us to use 3D models to study the effects of external load on the production and decomposition of organic matter, and on subsequent benthic nutrient fluxes.
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| 5. |
- Pitkänen, Timo, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetry in the Earth's magnetotail neutral sheet rotation due to IMF B-y sign?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geoscience Letters. - : Springer Nature. - 2196-4092. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence suggests that a non-zero dawn-dusk interplanetary magnetic field (IMF B-y) can cause a rotation of the cross-tail current sheet/neutral sheet around its axis aligned with the Sun-Earth line in Earth's magnetotail. We use Geotail, THEMIS and Cluster data to statistically investigate how the rotation of the neutral sheet depends on the sign and magnitude of IMF B-y. In our dataset, we find that in the tail range of -30 < XGSM < -15 R-E, the degree of the neutral sheet rotation is clearly smaller, there appears no significant rotation or even, the rotation is clearly to an unexpected direction for negative IMF B-y, compared to positive IMF B-y. Comparison to a model by Tsyganenko et al. (2015, doi:10.5194/angeo-33-1-2015) suggests that this asymmetry in the neutral sheet rotation between positive and negative IMF B-y conditions is too large to be explained only by the currently known factors. The possible cause of the asymmetry remains unclear.
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| 6. |
- Sahlman, Janne, et al.
(författare)
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A human COL2A1 gene with an Arg519Cys mutation causes osteochondrodysplasia in transgenic mice.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 50:10, s. 3153-3160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: An arginine-to-cysteine substitution at position 519 of the COL2A1 gene causes early generalized osteoarthritis with mild chondrodysplasia in humans. In this study, a human COL2A1 gene with the same mutation was introduced into a murine genome having 1 or no alleles of the murine Col2a1 gene, and the skeletal phenotypes of the transgenic mice were compared with those of control mice.METHODS: Mice with 1 allele of the normal murine Col2a1 gene and 1 allele of the mutated human COL2A1 gene (n = 10), those with no murine Col2a1 gene and 2 alleles of the mutated human COL2A1 gene (n = 13), those with no murine Col2a1 gene and only 1 allele of the mutated COL2A1 gene (n = 9), and normal control mice (n = 11) were studied for skeletal abnormalities, using radiographic imaging and light microscopic analyses of histologic sections. The collagen network of cartilage was also investigated with transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS: At 2 months of age, all transgenic mice had dysplastic changes in their long bones, flattened vertebral bodies, and osteoarthritic changes in their joints. The intervertebral discs of the transgenic animals were degenerated, and their histologic structure was disturbed. The changes were more severe in mice with no murine Col2a1 allele.CONCLUSION: The human COL2A1 gene with the Arg519Cys mutation causes osteochondrodysplasia in mice, as it does in humans.
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| 7. |
- Sariaslan, Amir, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term Health and Social Outcomes in Children and Adolescents Placed in Out-of-Home Care
- 2022
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Ingår i: JAMA pediatrics. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6203 .- 2168-6211. ; 176:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Children who are placed in out-of-home care may have poorer outcomes in adulthood, on average, compared with their peers, but the direction and magnitude of these associations need clarification.OBJECTIVE To estimate associations between being placed in out-of-home care in childhood and adolescence and subsequent risks of experiencing a wide range of social and health outcomes in adulthood following comprehensive adjustments for preplacement factors.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS This cohort and cosibling study of all children born in Finland between 1986 and 2000 (N = 855622) monitored each person from their 15th birthday either until the end of the study period (December 2018) or until they migrated, died, or experienced the outcome of interest. Cox and Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations with adjustment for measured confounders (from linked population registers) and unmeasured familial confounders (using sibling comparisons). Data were analyzed from October 2020 to August 2021.EXPOSURES Placement in out-of-home care up to age 15 years.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Through national population, patient, prescription drug, cause of death, and crime registers, 16 specific outcomes were identified across the following categories: psychiatric disorders; low socioeconomic status; injuries and experiencing violence; and antisocial behaviors, suicidality, and premature mortality.RESULTS A total of 30127 individuals (3.4%) were identified who had been placed in out-of-home care for a median (interquartile range) period of 1.3 (0.2-5.1) years and 2 (1-3) placement episodes before age 15 years. Compared with their siblings, individuals who had been placed in out-of-home care were 1.4 to 5 times more likely to experience adverse outcomes in adulthood (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for those with a fall-related injury, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.25-1.57 and aHR for those with an unintentional poisoning injury, 4.79; 95% CI, 3.56-6.43, respectively). The highest relative risks were observed for those with violent crime arrests (aHR, 4.16; 95% CI, 3.74-4.62; cumulative incidence, 24.6% in individuals who had been placed in out-of-home care vs 5.1% in those who had not), substance misuse (aHR, 4.75; 95% CI, 4.25-5.30; cumulative incidence, 23.2% vs 4.6%), and unintentional poisoning injury (aHR 4.79; 95% CI, 3.56-6.43; cumulative incidence, 3.1% vs 0.6%). Additional adjustments for perinatal factors, childhood behavioral problems, and traumatic injuries, including experiencing violence, did not materially change the findings.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Out-of-home care placement was associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes in adulthood, which persisted following adjustments for measured preplacement factors and unmeasured familial factors.
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