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- Blokland, G. A. M., et al.
(author)
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Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders
- 2022
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In: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 91:1, s. 102-117
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Sex differences in incidence and/or presentation of schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BIP) are pervasive. Previous evidence for shared genetic risk and sex differences in brain abnormalities across disorders suggest possible shared sex-dependent genetic risk. Methods: We conducted the largest to date genome-wide genotype-by-sex (G×S) interaction of risk for these disorders using 85,735 cases (33,403 SCZ, 19,924 BIP, and 32,408 MDD) and 109,946 controls from the PGC (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) and iPSYCH. Results: Across disorders, genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphism–by-sex interaction was detected for a locus encompassing NKAIN2 (rs117780815, p = 3.2 × 10−8), which interacts with sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) enzymes, implicating neuronal excitability. Three additional loci showed evidence (p < 1 × 10−6) for cross-disorder G×S interaction (rs7302529, p = 1.6 × 10−7; rs73033497, p = 8.8 × 10−7; rs7914279, p = 6.4 × 10−7), implicating various functions. Gene-based analyses identified G×S interaction across disorders (p = 8.97 × 10−7) with transcriptional inhibitor SLTM. Most significant in SCZ was a MOCOS gene locus (rs11665282, p = 1.5 × 10−7), implicating vascular endothelial cells. Secondary analysis of the PGC-SCZ dataset detected an interaction (rs13265509, p = 1.1 × 10−7) in a locus containing IDO2, a kynurenine pathway enzyme with immunoregulatory functions implicated in SCZ, BIP, and MDD. Pathway enrichment analysis detected significant G×S interaction of genes regulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling in MDD (false discovery rate-corrected p < .05). Conclusions: In the largest genome-wide G×S analysis of mood and psychotic disorders to date, there was substantial genetic overlap between the sexes. However, significant sex-dependent effects were enriched for genes related to neuronal development and immune and vascular functions across and within SCZ, BIP, and MDD at the variant, gene, and pathway levels. © 2021 Society of Biological Psychiatry
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| 2. |
- Faatz, B., et al.
(author)
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Simultaneous operation of two soft x-ray free-electron lasers driven by one linear accelerator
- 2016
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In: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extreme-ultraviolet to x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) in operation for scientific applications are up to now single-user facilities. While most FELs generate around 100 photon pulses per second, FLASH at DESY can deliver almost two orders of magnitude more pulses in this time span due to its superconducting accelerator technology. This makes the facility a prime candidate to realize the next step in FELs-dividing the electron pulse trains into several FEL lines and delivering photon pulses to several users at the same time. Hence, FLASH has been extended with a second undulator line and self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) is demonstrated in both FELs simultaneously. FLASH can now deliver MHz pulse trains to two user experiments in parallel with individually selected photon beam characteristics. First results of the capabilities of this extension are shown with emphasis on independent variation of wavelength, repetition rate, and photon pulse length.
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| 5. |
- Abbasi, A, et al.
(author)
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Progress on Partial Discharge Detectionunder DC Voltage Stress
- 2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detection and evaluation of partial discharges (PD) is important for quality assurance and diagnosis ofelectrical insulation systems. With increasing use of DC voltages in electrical transmission and distributionsystems, the field of PD under DC voltage stress needs to be further investigated.CIGRE Working Group D1.63 was approved for start in May 2015, where available knowledge and experiencein particular concerning the field distribution in insulation systems used in DC voltage systems, and thephysical processes of the PD phenomena under DC voltage stress should be reviewed. In order of guidingto meaningful procedures for DC PD measurements of HV equipment thorough understanding of i) thedifferences of PD behaviour between AC and DC with respect to the physical process and ii) influencingfactors of operating conditions (as e.g. polarization, temperature etc.) of different insulation systems underDC stress and respective effects on PD phenomena had to be examined.
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| 7. |
- Hylander, Lars D., et al.
(author)
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Comparison of different gold recovery methods with regard to pollution control and efficiency
- 2007
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In: Clean - Soil, Air, Water. - : Wiley. - 1863-0650 .- 1863-0669. ; 35:1, s. 52-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This case study performed at the largest gold mining village in the Philippines compares four methods for gold recovery: amalgamation, cyanide leaching, a shaking sluice, and Cleangoldm sluices. The results show that a combination of manual panning or Cleangoldm sluices followed by cyanidation is the best solution under present conditions, followed by cyanidation alone. Based on the knowledge obtained, remarks on suitable policy actions, which may be applied also in other gold fields, are made.
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| 8. |
- Hylander, Lars Daniel, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Consequences of a soaring gold price for gold producing countries and the global environment.
- 2009
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In: Securing the Future and 8<sup>th</sup>ICARD. - Skellefteå. ; , s. 67-68
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The presently soaring gold price adds to hazards threatening the sustainability of fishing and agriculture as means of support to living. This is by increased gold mining and related emissions of mercury and cyanide into the environment. Amalgamation, practiced in more than 50 countries, results in that metallic Hg is emitted to air, soil, and water and subsequently transformed to very toxic methyl-Hg and bio-accumulated in fish. Thereby, this highly nutritive feeding source eventually is ingested and becomes a poison to man. Four methods for gold recovery: amalgamation, cyanide leaching, a shaking sluice, and Cleangold® sluices, were compared in a case study performed at the largest gold mining village in the Philippines. The results show that the amalgamation method is presently used on all ores, in spite of gold recovery rates of 10–35% of initial gold content of the ore. With a light microscopy and photomicrographs, we documented that the following factors contribute to the low recovery: small and occluded gold grains and gold grains with oxidized surfaces that do not amalgamate. As a consequence, the miners are sending all amalgamated ore tailings for cyanide leaching. This was the most efficient of the methods studied, recovering up to 95% of initial gold content. The Cleangold® sluices recovered more gold than amalgamation, although gravimetric methods have limitations on the actual specific ore. Therefore, a combination of manual panning and/or Cleangold® sluices followed by cyanidation is the best solution under present conditions, followed by cyanidation alone. The used cyanide solution must be properly handled to not threaten the food security. Transition to less hazardous gold mining is urgent, considering that gold is a limited stored resource. Agricultural fields and fish populations are at the contrary fund resources, which will yield a return for an indefinite future if properly managed. Loans for investment in safe and efficient gold extraction technology, information and practical training of the miners, political and scientific guidance of the informal mining sector, restrictions on Hg availability and on sales from industrialized countries are suggested to counteract the present worst case situation, where amalgamation is followed by cyanidation. This combination increases the bioavailability of Hg lost. into the environment.
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