| 1. |
- Allentoft, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 522:7555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000-1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized spread of Indo-European languages during the Early Bronze Age. We also demonstrate that light skin pigmentation in Europeans was already present at high frequency in the Bronze Age, but not lactose tolerance, indicating a more recent onset of positive selection on lactose tolerance than previously thought.
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| 2. |
- Drtikolová Kaupová, Sylva, et al.
(författare)
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The diet of settled Neolithic farmers of east-central Europe : isotopic and dental microwear evidence
- 2023
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 15:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reconstructs Middle and Late Neolithic dietary practices in the area of the today Czech Republic and Lower Austria with a help of complementary evidence of stable isotope and dental microwear analysis. From a total of 171 humans, carbon and nitrogen isotopic values were measured in bone collagen of 146 individuals (accompanied by 64 animals) while 113 individuals were included into buccal dental microwear analysis. The samples were divided into two newly established chronological phases: Neolithic B (4900–4000 BC) and Neolithic C (3800–3400 BC) based on radiocarbon data modelling. Isotopic results show that the Neolithic diet was of terrestrial origin with a dominant plant component. A small but statistically significant shift in human carbon isotopic values to a higher δ13C was observed during the Neolithic C, probably reflecting an underlying change in plant growing conditions. Dental microwear results suggest a shift in adult diet and/or food preparation techniques between the Neolithic B and C, which, however, was not reflected in either the carbon or nitrogen isotopic values. The positive correlations between nitrogen isotopic values and the dental microwear variables (NV, XV, XT and NV/NT) observed in the adult sample suggest that meat rather than milk was the dominant source of animal protein, or that food enriched in 15N was processed specifically. Also, as both methods offer a snapshot of different periods of an individual’s life, the presence of a significant correlation may imply highly repetitive dietary behaviour during their lifetime.
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| 3. |
- Furmanek, Miroslaw, et al.
(författare)
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Archaeological Potential of the Early Bronze Age Barrow Burial Ground in Szczepankowice : A Geophysical Survey and Field Evaluation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne. - 0520-9250 .- 2544-0888. ; 57, s. 93-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The site of Szczepankowice situated 24 kilometers southwest of Wrocław is considered to be one of the most important for studies of the Early Bronze Age in Central Europe. In this paper, we present a new assessment of the archaeological potential of the Szczepankowice (sites 1–4) and the surrounding area, based on research including metal detecting, field walking, excavations and geophysical prospection undertaken in 2012. The purpose of the evaluation was to determine the presence or absence, extent, condition, character, quality, and date of archaeological deposits within the area. Earlier discoveries including large quantities of boulders still found on the surface potentially indicated presence of funerary monuments such as barrows at Szczepankowice.
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| 4. |
- Kadrow, Slawomir, et al.
(författare)
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The Verteba Cave : A Subterranean Sanctuary of the Cucuteni-Trypillia Culture in Western Ukraine
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology. - 2364-3676 .- 2197-649X. ; 18, s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Eneolithic Europe, the complexity of mortuary differentiation increased with the complexity of the society at large. Human remains from the Verteba Cave provide a unique opportunity to study the lives, deaths and cultural practices of the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture in Western Ukraine. The subterranean sanctuary of Verteba was without a doubt a rallying point of both religious and social significance. Therefore, this investigation focuses on the role and character of ritual activities, the diversity and variety of religious orientations in the Eneolithic period and the question of how and for what reason this particular cave was modified from a natural space to a sacred place. We also seek to clarify the research potential of the site in relation to highly developed and relatively wide-spread religion with direct implications for the Cucuteni-Trypillia social structure.
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| 5. |
- Oleszczak, L., et al.
(författare)
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The food culture of the Iron Age nomadic elite from the 'Valley of the Kings' in Tuva : radiocarbon dating, stable carbon and nitrogen analysis of the Chinge Tey barrows (Turan-Uyuk Basin, Russia)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subsistence strategies of Eurasian pastoral populations have been broadly studied in the archaeological literature. The 'Valley of the Kings' in Tuva, Russia, has captivated archaeologists with its remarkable collection of large burial mounds, containing lavishly equipped tombs of nomadic kings, warlords, and aristocracy. These barrows bear witness to the ancestral connections between the deceased leaders, highlighting the alliances among prehistoric nomads in Central Asia. In this research, we present comprehensive radiocarbon dating and 813C/815N isotopic data from the Chinge Tey barrows, which represent the burial sites of 12 high-ranking individuals. The chronological alignment of both Chinge Tey monuments with the Arzhan 1 and Arzhan 2 reference frames sheds light on their historical context. This study delves into intricate aspects of ecological adaptability, pastoral food practices, social hierarchies, and nomadic mortuary rituals. Analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes indicates potential connections between the barrows in the 'Valley of the Kings' and diverse nomadic cultures, suggesting that dietary habits among neighboring populations may have exhibited significant variation.
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| 6. |
- Pokutta, Dalia A., et al.
(författare)
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Bioarchaeology of Social Inequality in the Unetice Culture : A Case Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Forging Identities: the Mobility of Culture in Bronze Age Europe. - Oxford : British Archaeological Reports. - 9781407314334 ; , s. 111-119
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The barrow in Kąty Wrocławskie was discovered near the city of Wrocław, SW Poland, in 1998. This paper presents the results collated from excavations, isotopic analyses (13C/15N), radiocarbon dating and lipid analyses of organic residues, found in this tomb. Social ranking/hierarchy shaped the lifestyle and identities, be they either individual or collective, upon which ultimately rigid or more flexible forms of stratification were built. However, archaeological debate regarding social inequality and leadership in the Unetice Culture is frequently reduced to bronze halberds, gold and the Leubingen barrow. We seek to determine the scale of social diversity among members of Early Bronze Age society. In this paper we present the biological profiles of the first group of Uneticean aristocracy buried in princely graves.
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| 7. |
- Pokutta, Dalia Anna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Children, Childhood and Food : The Diets of Subadults in the Unetice Culture of Southwestern Poland
- 2015
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Ingår i: Forging Identities: the mobility of culture in Bronze Age Europe. - Oxford : British Archaeological Reports. - 9781407314334 ; , s. 245-252
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary habits are a means by which social identity is expressed and negotiated and the foods consumed by children reflect both the social status of being a child and membership within other social groups that would eventually come to shape adult identity. Study of the diets of children in prehistory can, thus, provide information about the construction of childhood in the past and also about the perpetuation and negotiation of social structures. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis was used to investigate the diets of subadults in the Únětice Culture of southwestern Poland. The results show that diets differed quite substantially between individuals, however diet changed very little during the lifetimes of each individual. This indicates that an individual’s social position was ascribed early in life and remained constant thereafter.
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| 8. |
- Pokutta, Dalia A., 1979-
(författare)
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Food, Economy and Social Complexity in the Bronze Age World : A Cross-Cultural Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Musaica Archaeologica. - 2453-8612 .- 2453-8701. ; 2:1, s. 23-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the fact that the greater part of ingredients, such as dairy products or alcoholic drinks, was known already in the Neolithic, food technology of the Bronze Age changed significantly. This paper aims to investigate prehistoric dietary habits and comment on the stable isotope values (13C/15N) of human/faunal remains from several large Bronze Age cemeteries in Europe and beyond. The human skeletal material derives from Early Bronze Age Iberia (2300–2000 BC), mainland Greece (Late Helladic Period III), Bronze Age Transcaucasia (the Kura-Araxes culture 3400–2000 BC), steppes of Kazakhstan (1800 BC), and Early Bronze Age China in Shang period (1523–1046 BC). The aim of this study is to determine distinctive features of food practice in the Bronze Age with an overview of the economy and consumer behaviors in relation to religion and state formation processes.
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| 9. |
- Pokutta, Dalia Anna, 1979
(författare)
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Isotopic study of Szczepankowice Early Bronze Age barrow burial ground (southwestern Poland) : Analizy izotopowe wczesnobrazowej nekropoli unietyckiej w Szepankowicach
- 2011
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Ingår i: Silsia Antiqua. - 0080-9594. ; 47:1, s. 70-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the current stage of an ongoing research project regarding isotopic analyses of Únětice culture in Silesia District (southwest Poland). The main core of our undertaking has been divided into several parts, targeting different aspects of diet, migratory patterns and archaeological cultural diversity. These components may be observed on macro- and micro-regional scales in the South West of Poland under the Early Bronze Age period. This study provides a new model of contextual interpretation of barrow burial ground in classic phase of Únětice culture in Central Europe. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 212402. Publication of the Szczepankowice barrows case study sums up the first level of investigation. It has been designed to combine varied elements: archaeological diagnostic, paleopathology, isotopic analyses (local strontium baseline level plus migration case study) and finally radiocarbon dating, which enables us to place the whole structure within a chronological framework. Testing multi-functional tools was one aspect of the investigation, but in general this initial stage has been dedicated to ‘people of the barrows’, the upper class of the Early Bronze Age community.
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| 10. |
- Pokutta, Dalia Anna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Isotopic study of Szczepankowice Early Bronze Age barrow burial ground (southwestern Poland)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Silesia Antiqua. - 0080-9594. ; 47, s. 70-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the current stage of an ongoing research project regarding isotopic analyses of the Unetice culture in Silesia District (SW Poland). This study provides a new model of contextual interpretation of barrow burial ground in classic phase of the Unetice culture (1900-1750 BC) in Central Europe. It combines several elements: archaeological landscape study of Szczepankowice necropoly, paleopathological and isotopic analyses of skeletons from barrows (first local strontium baseline for Silesia, and mobility case study) and finally radiocarbon dating.
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