| 1. |
- de Jong, Yde, et al.
(författare)
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PESI - a taxonomic backbone for Europe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biodiversity Data Journal. - 1314-2836 .- 1314-2828. ; 3, s. 1-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable taxonomy underpins communication in all of biology, not least nature conservation and sustainable use of ecosystem resources. The flexibility of taxonomic interpretations, however, presents a serious challenge for end-users of taxonomic concepts. Users need standardised and continuously harmonised taxonomic reference systems, as well as high-quality and complete taxonomic data sets, but these are generally lacking for non-specialists. The solution is in dynamic, expertly curated web-based taxonomic tools.The Pan-European Species-directories Infrastructure (PESI) worked to solve this key issue by providing a taxonomic e-infrastructure for Europe. It strengthened the relevant social (expertise) and information (standards, data and technical) capacities of five major community networks on taxonomic indexing in Europe, which is essential for proper biodiversity assessment and monitoring activities. The key objectives of PESI were: 1) standardisation in taxonomic reference systems, 2) enhancement of the quality and completeness of taxonomic data sets and 3) creation of integrated access to taxonomic information.This paper describes the results of PESI and its future prospects, including the involvement in major European biodiversity informatics initiatives and programs.
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| 2. |
- Kalashnikov, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-scale polarisation phenomena
- 2016
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Ingår i: LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS. - : CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES. - 2047-7538 .- 2095-5545. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-scale methods that separate different time or spatial scales are among the most powerful techniques in physics, especially in applications that study nonlinear systems with noise. When the time scales (noise and perturbation) are of the same order, the scales separation becomes impossible. Thus, the multi-scale approach has to be modified to characterise a variety of noise-induced phenomena. Here, based on stochastic modelling and analytical study, we demonstrate in terms of the fluctuation-induced phenomena and Hurst R/S analysis metrics that the matching scales of random birefringence and pump-signal states of polarisation interaction in a fibre Raman amplifier results in a new random birefringence-mediated phenomenon, which is similar to stochastic anti-resonance. The observed phenomenon, apart from the fundamental interest, provides a base for advancing multi-scale methods with application to different coupled nonlinear systems ranging from lasers (multimode, mode-locked, random, etc.) to nanostructures (light-mediated conformation of molecules and chemical reactions, Brownian motors, etc.).
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| 3. |
- Abbas, Syed Sohail, et al.
(författare)
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Compact Er 3+-doped ZBLAN green upconversion fibre laser
- 2011
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Ingår i: World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology: An International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology. - 2010-376X .- 2070-3740. ; 78, s. 756-758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a fibre laser at 546 nm has been studied for a signal power of -30 dB. Er 3+-doped ZBLAN fibre has been used by upconversion pumping of a 980 nm laser diode. Gain saturation effect has been investigated in detail. Laser performance has also been discussed. An efficiency of 35% has been calculated with a length of 5 mm fibre laser. Results show that Er 3+-doped ZBLAN is a promising candidate for optical amplification at 546 nm.
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| 4. |
- Al-Awis, S. N., et al.
(författare)
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Phenomenological formula for modelling of physical layer impairments in elastic optical networks
- 2015
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Ingår i: Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, ACPC 2015. - Washington, D.C. : OSA. - 9781943580064
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An empirical modelling technique is introduced to estimate impact of physical layer impairments in elastic optical networks, which can be used to evaluate transmission quality. The model has been verified experimentally with accuracy beyond (97.3%).
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Álvaro, J. Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Global Cambrian trilobite palaeobiogeography assessed using parsimony analysis of endemicity
- 2013
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Ingår i: Early Palaeozoic Biogeography and Palaeogeography. - 0435-4052. - 9781862393738 ; Memoir 38:38, s. 273-296
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Palaeobiogeographical data on Cambrian trilobites obtained during the twentieth century are combined in this paper to evaluate palaeoceanographic links through c. 30 myr, once these arthropods biomineralized. Worldwide major tectonostratigraphic units are characterized at series intervals of Cambrian time and datasets of trilobite genera (629 for Cambrian Series 2, 965 for Cambrian Series 3, and 866 for the Furongian Series) are analysed using parsimony analysis of endemicity. Special attention is given to the biogeographical observations made in microcontinents and exotic terranes. The same is done for platform-basinal transects of well-known continental margins. The parsimony analysis of endemicity analysis resulted in distinct palaeogeographical area groupings among the tectonostratigraphic units. With these groupings, several palaeobiogeographical units are distinguished, which do not necessarily fit the previously proposed biogeographical realms and provinces. Their development and spatial distributions are broadly controlled by Cambrian palaeoclimates, palaeogeographical conditions (e.g. carbonate productivity and anoxic conditions) and ocean current circulation.
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| 7. |
- Anderson, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Indigenous and tribal peoples' health (The Lancet-Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration) : a population study
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10040, s. 131-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: International studies of the health of Indigenous and tribal peoples provide important public health insights. Reliable data are required for the development of policy and health services. Previous studies document poorer outcomes for Indigenous peoples compared with benchmark populations, but have been restricted in their coverage of countries or the range of health indicators. Our objective is to describe the health and social status of Indigenous and tribal peoples relative to benchmark populations from a sample of countries.Methods: Collaborators with expertise in Indigenous health data systems were identified for each country. Data were obtained for population, life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, low and high birthweight, maternal mortality, nutritional status, educational attainment, and economic status. Data sources consisted of governmental data, data from non-governmental organisations such as UNICEF, and other research. Absolute and relative differences were calculated.Findings: Our data (23 countries, 28 populations) provide evidence of poorer health and social outcomes for Indigenous peoples than for non-Indigenous populations. However, this is not uniformly the case, and the size of the rate difference varies. We document poorer outcomes for Indigenous populations for: life expectancy at birth for 16 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1 year in 15 populations; infant mortality rate for 18 of 19 populations with a rate difference greater than one per 1000 livebirths in 16 populations; maternal mortality in ten populations; low birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in three populations; high birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in one population; child malnutrition for ten of 16 populations with a difference greater than 10% in five populations; child obesity for eight of 12 populations with a difference greater than 5% in four populations; adult obesity for seven of 13 populations with a difference greater than 10% in four populations; educational attainment for 26 of 27 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 24 populations; and economic status for 15 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 14 populations.Interpretation: We systematically collated data across a broader sample of countries and indicators than done in previous studies. Taking into account the UN Sustainable Development Goals, we recommend that national governments develop targeted policy responses to Indigenous health, improving access to health services, and Indigenous data within national surveillance systems.
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| 8. |
- Baitenov, Adil, 1994-
(författare)
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Light propagation and photonic functionalization of semi-ordered material (transparent wood)
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Investigating novel materials requires understanding their chemical and optical properties, which allows for finding their uses through functionalization by chemical modification. In this thesis, we are focusing on a material with high anisotropic scattering - transparent wood. This biocomposite material has a hierarchical structure ranging from nanometer to hundreds of micrometers scale, and natural ordering, which is between perfectly ordered and fully random structure. Optical transparency in the visible range and the unique structure of transparent woods show good potential for functionalization. Due to complex structure and nonhomogenous chemical composition, not all characterization methods are fitting. While relatively straightforward properties like transmittance and haze can be measured using known techniques, but additional investigation was required to understand light behavior and measure other properties. In this work, the modeling method for investigation of light propagation and estimation of the effective refractive index of transparent wood for a deeper understanding of a material. Transparent wood has shown excellent host properties, capable of holding high concentrations of Rhodamine 6G laser dye without aggregate formation. In this dissertation, we present the analysis of the host properties of transparent wood and show that the dye forms statistical energy traps at high concentrations of dye. By doping transparent wood with active dye and pumping it with SHGNd:YAG green laser, the optical gain within the active media can be achieved. The feedback in this optical system is occurring via scattering on fiber walls, showing behavior similar to random lasers. However, due to the semi-ordered structure and wave-guiding effect of transparent wood, the transparent wood laser is referred to as a ”quasi-random laser”. The lasing emission can be further enhanced by the introduction of an external cavity, virtually expanding the active media allowing more lasing modes to be resolved, and increasing laser power.This work demonstrates the characterization of transparent wood optical and chemical properties and develops a computational model that can be used for further investigation of light behavior in semi-ordered anisotropic media. The functionalization of transparent wood is demonstrated by the introduction of a quasi-random laser and modification of that laser is presented.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Chen, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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A distortion-map-based method for morphology generation in multi-phase materials - application to wood
- 2023
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Ingår i: Composites Science And Technology. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0266-3538 .- 1879-1050. ; 244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased use of multi-phase, wood-based biocomposites may contribute to sustainable development. The porous microstructure offers unique possibilities for modification, but global properties are often predicted based on simplified unit cells and homogenization. For materials design, simulations based on complex 3D microstructures with statistical variability are alternatives to better understanding physical properties. Parametric models are developed in a distortion-map-based method to represent 3D wood microstructures. Basic structures of uniform tubular cells and other features are generated followed by distortion mapping. These maps are highly adaptable and can generate realistic features and variability. Fibers, vessels, and ray cells are realistically distributed. The models are realistic, versatile, and scalable, as well as can be used to simulate the mechanical, optical, and hydrodynamic properties of complex composites. The model is promising for generating large sets of data to train deep learning networks for multi-physics research.
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