| 1. |
- Alexander, Lee, et al.
(författare)
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Harmonised Portrayal of e-Navigation-related Information
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation. - : Faculty of Navigation. - 2083-6481 .- 2083-6473. ; 7:1, s. 39-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Guideline on the Harmonised Portrayal of e-Navigation-related Information was recently completed by IALA. The purpose of this Guideline is to provide guidance regarding the presentation and display of e-Navigation-related information. The basic, over-riding premise of this Guideline is that shipborne and shore-based equipment, systems, and services should portray e-Navigation-related information to all users (both onboard and ashore) in a consistent manner. However, since e-Navigation is an evolutionary process, this goal-based guideline describes over-arching objectives to be achieved, while freedom to innovate is left to both developers and users. An explanation is provided about key aspects of the Guideline. In particular, a website has been established to show examples of useful ways to portray e-Navigation information for current as well as some future types of equipment, systems, and services.
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| 2. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Climate-smart information design: Visualizing residential electricity use over the Internet
- 2011
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Ingår i: Information Design Journal. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 0142-5471 .- 1569-979X. ; 19:1, s. 3-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In light of global warming, energy conservation is indispensable. Residential electricity use nevertheless escapes consumers’ notice. Thus feedback is essential, yet households’ access to information is extremely limited. Smart metering makes continuous feedback over the Internet possible, but users perceive existing web tools to be inaccessible and incomprehensible. Hence the aim has been to design a user interface to increase awareness and energy efficiency in households. Ease of access and straightforwardness has been established as key factors and conventional bar charts in combination with colour coding have proved useful in this respect.
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| 3. |
- Brödje, Anders, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting voice communication between navigator and VTS by visual solutions - exploring the use of the “route suggestion” functionality within VTS
- 2015
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Ingår i: Information, Communication and Environment: Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation. - : CRC Press. - 9781315672588 ; , s. 267-273
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present paper describes an experiment where a VTS uses the functionality of “route suggestion” to visually support communication between navigators and VTS Operators. The idea of “route suggestion”, a crucial part of current developments within e-navigation, was first introduced with the EfficienSea project and has since been matured within the MONALISA and ACCSEAS projects. Within the ACCSEAS project the functionality has been augmented through the notion of “intended routes”, where vessels transmit sections of their planned routes using ECDIS in order for navigators to better understand the intentions of other, nearby, vessels. Also, “route suggestions” has been developed for use by shore stations, such as VTS, to transmit route segments to individual vessels within its area of responsibility. As part of the ACCSEAS project, the latter was tested in a simulator consisting of two full mission bridges and two VTSs, each of the two working in pairs, bridge-VTS. Five different scenarios were used, all set in the entrance of the river Humber, UK. In total, nine Pilots/Masters (Unlimited licence) and two VTS Operators participated in the experiment which ran over four days and was divided into two different simulations. ECDIS and VTS system were represented by the shipboard as well as the shore-based E-navigation Prototype Display system, as developed by the Danish Maritime Authority within the MONALISA and ACCSEAS projects. Data was collected using questionnaires, observation and video protocols. The observation protocol and the video protocol were coded and micro coded using MaxQDA and the questionnaires were used for comparison between the different participants following the analysis of protocol data in MaxQDA. Results indicate that there were no differences in acceptance of the tested “route suggestion” functionality between participants of different age, nor previous experiences as navigators/VTS Operators. Further, the results strongly indicate that the acceptance of the “route suggestion” functionality was due to the VTS Operators bridging the introduction of the new functionality by voice communication. Thus, the “route suggestion” functionality served as a graphical means of supporting voice communication between navigator and VTS Operator.
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| 4. |
- Burmeister, H-C., et al.
(författare)
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Autonomous Unmanned Merchant Vessel and its Contribution towards the e-Navigation Implementation: The MUNIN Perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Economy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-5352. ; 1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While IMO's e-Navigation project's scope is to enhance safety of navigation by improved ship-to-shore-cooperation, the EU's FP7 project MUNIN's aim is to develop a concept for an autonomous dry bulk carrier, that is at least as safe as a manned vessel. As e-Navigation has a strong focus on improving the human element in shipping and MUNIN tends towards an unmanned bridge, a common baseline might look quite contradictory at first, but they share the need to ensure and enhance the safety of navigation. After an introduction into e-Navigation and the MUNIN project, this paper will demonstrate with two examples, how MUNIN's results address identified e-Navigation's gaps and addresses e-Navigation's user needs. Thus, MUNIN contributes to the development and implementation of the prioritized e-Navigation solutions.
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| 5. |
- Burmeister, Hans-Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Can unmanned ships improve navigational safety?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Transport Research Arena, TRA 2014, 14-17 April 2014, Paris.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous vehicles are appearing in ever-more fields such as aviation, public transportation and the automotive sector. That’s why it is not unlikely to see the deployment of unmanned merchant ships at some point in time. The collaborative research project MUNIN originates from this idea and aims to develop and verify a respective concept. The ship will primarily be guided by automated on-board decision-making systems but can also be controlled by a remote operator from a Shore Control Centre. The motives behind unmanned and autonomous ships include the shortage of skilled mariners and the facilitation of slow steaming strategies. This shall reduce the use of fuel and thus decrease ship exhaust gas emissions and operating expenses. Another motive, on which this paper will focus on, is the potential to improve navigational safety. So-called “human errors” are claimed to be responsible for the majority of accidents at sea. Thus, substituting the overtired officer of the watch by a nautical officer ashore bears potential to improve the safety of navigation.
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| 6. |
- Lützhöft, Margareta, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Information Environment, Fatigue and Culture in the Maritime Domain
- 2011
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Ingår i: Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics. ; , s. 280-322
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Maritime shipping operates within a complex operational setting and incorporates many typesof workplaces and work roles. The maritime domain has been a bit slower than other complexdomains in its research and development of human factors and ergonomics application.The problem remains that the operator is continuously being excluded from the loop, whichincreases the probability of shipboard errors and accidents. This chapter begins by providinga general introduction to the maritime domain and its unique characteristics and is followedby a section on the information environment on the bridge. The section on the informationenvironment on the bridge highlights the importance of integrating the end user into thebridge system and how technology must provide intuitive information at the right level ofcomplexity at the right time. The main focus of this chapter is then split into two areas ofcurrent high significance: fatigue on board and maritime culture (also incorporating safetyculture issues). Fatigue on board is of major concern, and most studies indicate that a systemsapproach must be adopted. This approach should account for aspects such as the number ofpersonnel, trip length, frequency and duration of port visits, and shift planning. Within thearea of maritime culture, multiculturalism and the way it is managed on board ships, includingshipboard practices, affect safety. In the area of safety culture, three recommendations arecentral: (a) increase compliance with regulations, (b) implement a safety management system,and (c) implement a behavioral safety system. In general, this review indicates that more dataare needed on human-technology-organizational issues in the maritime domain.
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| 7. |
- Lützhöft, Margareta, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Onboard ship management overview system - an information sharing system on board
- 2013
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Institute of Naval Architects. - 0035-8967. ; 155:C1, s. 11-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to increasing information and communication systems on board ships, we recognise that communication within the she ship and between ships or ship-shore must be optimised. With fewer crew members on-board coordination is more important and the voyage management can be optimised for demands on for example energy efficiency, safety and on-board resource use and availability (e.g. crew members). A pilot study shows that large interactive surfaces have promise for supporting the coordination of the voyage planning and execution.
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| 8. |
- Lützhöft, Margareta, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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System Simulations for Safety
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Human Performance at Sea 2010.. - 9780947649739 ; , s. 3-10
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the working environment can affect safety, especially in time-critical situations where wrong decisions can have decisive impact on man, environment and property. Organizational changes, the introduction of new technology and new legislation are example of various factors that affect the working environment. In this paper we present an approach to explore safety issues in maritime working environments by using complex simulation to create realistic scenarios and data collection to build the basis for exploration. In this paper we focus on the validity of the method and compare findings with actual accidents known risks. We also give some examples of found safety aspects that can be of interest for further analysis in the maritime domain.
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| 9. |
- MacKinnon, Scott, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Command and Control of Unmanned Vessels: Keeping Shore Based Operators in-the-Loop
- 2015
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Ingår i: 18th International Conference on Ships and Shipping Research. - 9788894055719 ; , s. 612-619
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future developments specific to the sustainability of the global shipping and transportation industries need to be revolutionary; whether pressured by economic survival or a result of a natural evolution driven by socio-technical realities. Concepts regarding E-navigation and unmanned vessels are only several technological solutions away from operational realities. Conventional thinking suggests that we augment operator decision making with artificially intelligent support systems. Whether these technologies keep the operator “in-the-loop” or diminish overall situation awareness remains to be seen and is dependent upon the quality and robustness of the Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) to monitor and control the automation systems. Automation of a control system, notwithstanding best of the developer(s)’ intentions, is not fail-proof. A sudden failure of a highly complex system, whose “artificial intelligence” is not transparent to the operator, may prove beyond the cognitive means of a highly stressed (cognitive overloaded) operator to troubleshoot the situation and recover on time. This paper examines the state of operator situation awareness in monitoring several vessels as part of a Shore-based Control Centre, the hub of an autonomous, unmanned vessel concept.
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| 10. |
- Man, Yemao, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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From desk to field - Human factor issues in remote monitoring and controlling of autonomous unmanned vessels
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 3, s. 2674-2681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous vehicle and drones have become more popular in recent years whereas unmanned merchant vessels remain a less-matured concept. The MUNIN project examines the feasibility of autonomous unmanned vessel that is concurrently monitored by an operator onshore. Previous research suggests maintaining adequate situation awareness as a primary challenge related to human-center automation. The purpose of this study was to identify the human factor issues in remote monitoring and controlling of autonomous unmanned vessels through scenario-based trials by four master mariners and a ship engineer. The literature review and fieldwork data identified gaps in the current system corresponding with changes in a harmony framework, suggesting aspects on which the design could be improved to enhance operator’s situation awareness and regain harmony onshore.
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