| 1. |
- Faatz, B., et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous operation of two soft x-ray free-electron lasers driven by one linear accelerator
- 2016
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extreme-ultraviolet to x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) in operation for scientific applications are up to now single-user facilities. While most FELs generate around 100 photon pulses per second, FLASH at DESY can deliver almost two orders of magnitude more pulses in this time span due to its superconducting accelerator technology. This makes the facility a prime candidate to realize the next step in FELs-dividing the electron pulse trains into several FEL lines and delivering photon pulses to several users at the same time. Hence, FLASH has been extended with a second undulator line and self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) is demonstrated in both FELs simultaneously. FLASH can now deliver MHz pulse trains to two user experiments in parallel with individually selected photon beam characteristics. First results of the capabilities of this extension are shown with emphasis on independent variation of wavelength, repetition rate, and photon pulse length.
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| 2. |
- Fiorillo, A., et al.
(författare)
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How to improve clinical practice on involuntary hospital admissions of psychiatric patients : suggestions from the EUNOMIA study
- 2011
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 26:4, s. 201-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Number and procedures of involuntary hospital admissions vary in Europe according to the different socio-cultural contexts. The European Commission has funded the EUNOMIA study in 12 European countries in order to develop European recommendations for good clinical practice in involuntary hospital admissions. The recommendations have been developed with the direct and active involvement of national leaders and key professionals, who worked out national recommendations, subsequently summarized into a European document, through the use of specific categories. The need for standardizing the involuntary hospital admission has been highlighted by all centers. In the final recommendations, it has been stressed the need to: providing information to patients about the reasons for hospitalization and its presumable duration; protecting patients’ rights during hospitalization; encouraging the involvement of family members; improving the communication between community and hospital teams; organizing meetings, seminars and focus-groups with users; developing training courses for involved professionals on the management of aggressive behaviors, clinical aspects of major mental disorders, the legal and administrative aspects of involuntary hospital admissions, on communication skills. The results showed the huge variation of involuntary hospital admissions in Europe and the importance of developing guidelines on this procedure.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Costa, D, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with quality of services for marginalized groups with mental health problems in 14 European countries
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; , s. Art. no. 49-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Different service characteristics are known to influence mental health care delivery. Much less isknown about the impact of contextual factors, such as the socioeconomic circumstances, on the provision of careto socially marginalized groups.The objectives of this work were to assess the organisational characteristics of services providing mental health carefor marginalized groups in 14 European capital cities and to explore the associations between organisationalquality, service features and country-level characteristics.Methods:617 services were assessed in two highly deprived areas in 14 European capital cities. A Quality Index ofService Organisation (QISO) was developed and applied across all sites. Service characteristics and country levelsocioeconomic indicators were tested and related with the Index using linear regressions and random interceptlinear models.Results:The mean (standard deviation) of the QISO score (minimum = 0; maximum = 15) varied from 8.63 (2.23) inIreland to 12.40 (2.07) in Hungary. The number of different programmes provided was the only service characteristicsignificantly correlated with the QISO (p < 0.05). The national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was inverselyassociated with the QISO. Nearly 15% of the variance of the QISO was attributed to country-level variables, withGDP explaining 12% of this variance.Conclusions:Socioeconomic contextual factors, in particular the national GDP are likely to influence theorganisational quality of services providing mental health care for marginalized groups. Such factors should beconsidered in international comparative studies. Their significance for different types of services should be exploredin further research.Keywords:Mental health services, Quality index of service organization, Socially marginalized groups,Multi-level analysis
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| 7. |
- Fiorillo, A., et al.
(författare)
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Patient characteristics and symptoms associated with perceived coercion during hospital treatment
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 125:6, s. 460-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Large numbers of psychiatric patients either are involuntarily admitted to hospital treatment or feel coerced despite a legally voluntary admission. For ethical and clinical reasons, their perceived coercion should be reduced as far as possible. There is however limited evidence on patient characteristics associated with perceived coercion during hospital treatment. This study aimed to identify i) sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with perceived coercion at admission and ii) changes in symptoms and global functioning associated with changes in perceived coercion over time.Method: Three thousand and ninety three in-patients who were involuntarily admitted or felt coerced to hospital treatment despite a legally voluntary admission were recruited in the European evaluation of coercion in psychiatry and harmonization of best clinical practice EUNOMIA project in 11 European countries. Perceived coercion, global functioning and symptoms were assessed after admission and at a 3-month follow-up.Results: Involuntary admission, female gender, poorer global functioning and more positive symptoms were associated with higher levels of perceived coercion at admission. Perceived coercion significantly decreased over time, and the improvements in global functioning and positive symptoms were associated with reduction in perceived coercion.Conclusion: Female patients perceive more coercion in psychiatric hospital treatment. Effective treatment for positive symptoms and improving patients global functioning may lead to a reduction in perceived coercion.
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| 8. |
- He, T., et al.
(författare)
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The role of colonic metabolism in lactose intolerance
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : Wiley. - 0014-2972 .- 1365-2362. ; 38:8, s. 541-547
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lactose maldigestion and intolerance affect a large part of the world population. The underlying factors of lactose intolerance are not fully understood. In this review, the role of colonic metabolism is discussed, i.e. fermentation of lactose by the colonic microbiota, colonic processing of the fermentation metabolites and how these processes would play a role in the pathophysiology of lactose intolerance. We suggest that the balance between the removal and production rate of osmotic-active components (lactose, and intermediate metabolites, e.g. lactate, succinate, etc.) in the colon is a key factor in the development of symptoms. The involvement of the colon may provide the basis for designing new targeted strategies for dietary and clinical management of lactose intolerance.
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| 9. |
- Kluge, U, et al.
(författare)
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Health services and the treatment of immigrants : data on service use, interpreting services and immigrant staff members in services across Europe
- 2012
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 27:Suppl 2, s. 56-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:The number of immigrants using health services has increased across Europe. For assessing and improving the quality of care provided for immigrants, information is required on how many immigrants use services, what interpreting services are provided and whether staff members are from immigrant groups.METHODS:Structured interviews were conducted with 15 health services (9 primary care, 3 emergency departments, 3 mental health) located in areas with high immigrant populations in each of 16 European countries (n=240). Responses were collected on the availability of data on service use by immigrant patients, the provision of interpreting services and immigrant staff members.RESULTS:Data on service use by immigrants were recorded by only 15% of services. More than 40% of services did not provide any form of interpreting service and 54% of the services reported having no immigrant staff. Mental health services were more likely to use direct interpreting services, and both mental health and emergency services were more likely to have immigrant staff members.DISCUSSION:For assessing and improving the quality of care provided for immigrants, there is a need to improve the availability of data on service use by immigrants in health services throughout Europe and to provide more consistent access to interpreting services.
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| 10. |
- Müller-Engelmann, M., et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the German Version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5
- 2020
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Ingår i: Assessment (Odessa, Fla.). - : SAGE Publications Inc.. - 1073-1911 .- 1552-3489. ; 27:6, s. 1128-1138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) is a widely used diagnostic interview for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Following fundamental modifications in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the CAPS had to be revised. This study examined the psychometric properties (internal consistency, interrater reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and structural validity) of the German version of the CAPS-5 in a trauma-exposed sample (n = 223 with PTSD; n =51 without PTSD). The results demonstrated high internal consistency (αs =.65-.93) and high interrater reliability (ICCs =.81-.89). With regard to convergent and discriminant validity, we found high correlations between the CAPS severity score and both the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale sum score (r =.87) and the Beck Depression Inventory total score (r =.72). Regarding the underlying factor structure, the hybrid model demonstrated the best fit, followed by the anhedonia model. However, we encountered some nonpositive estimates for the correlations of the latent variables (factors) for both models. The model with the best fit without methodological problems was the externalizing behaviors model, but the results also supported the DSM-5 model. Overall, the results demonstrate that the German version of the CAPS-5 is a psychometrically sound measure.
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