| 1. |
- Jensen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Smallholders’ Demand for and Access to Private Sector Extension Services : A Case Study of Contracted Cotton Producers in Northern Tanzania
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Agrarian Change. - : Wiley. - 1471-0366 .- 1471-0358. ; 19:1, s. 122-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines demand for and access to private-sector extension services by contracted cotton producers in northern Tanzania. Data from a non-random survey of 520 smallholders show that only 21.9% received any extension and only 4.6% received extension from the cotton ginnery. Wealthier households were three times more likely to receive extension from any provider. While the public sector remains the main source of extension and is prioritized by smallholders, almost all households demanded extension from firms and are willing to invest 3 days per month mainly for advice on cotton and maize production. The involvement of third parties in the supply of extension from ginneries could not only meet smallholders' demands but could increase cotton supply and repayment rates to the firm, and thus finance the provision of missing extension advice.
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| 2. |
- Kidane, Rahwa, et al.
(författare)
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Bespoke Adaptation in Rural Africa? An Asset-Based Approach from Southern Ethiopia
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Development Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-8811 .- 1743-9728. ; 31:3, s. 413-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Debates on adaptation in rural Africa rarely consider how responses to climate variability vary by wealth group. This study examines differences across wealth groups based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis triangulated with participatory methods. Results indicate that perceptions of weather variability and extreme events are detected by most households regardless of wealth status. The most common responses—using drought-resistant crops and changing planting dates—are also similar across groups. However, there are significant differences in the type of adaptation options adopted by wealthier and poorer farmers: the former intensify agriculture through improved seed varieties, fertiliser and manure; the latter depend on craft activities, seasonal migration and support from relatives and neighbours. Overall, our findings suggest that measuring asset holdings could allow a differentiated approach to supporting adaptation across socio-economic groups in rural regions in Ethiopia and Africa more broadly.
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| 3. |
- Moyer-Lee, Jason, et al.
(författare)
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How Traceability is Restructuring Malawi's Tobacco Industry
- 2015
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Ingår i: Development Policy Review. - : Wiley. - 0950-6764. ; 33:2, s. 159-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article applies a global value-chain framework to the tobacco industry in Malawi, showing how cigarette manufacturers govern the chain and control first-tier suppliers, the leaf merchants. Contract farming offers smallholders the ability to meet manufacturers' compliance and traceability requirements and an opportunity for process and product upgrading, but threatens to exclude poorer growers. The article concludes by highlighting the role leaf merchants can play in diversifying Malawi's economic base and suggests research avenues to understand this rapid institutional evolution better.
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| 4. |
- Niedomysl, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Doctoral dissertations in human geography from Swedish universities 1884-2015: demographics, formats and productivity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Geography in Higher Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0309-8265 .- 1466-1845. ; 42:3, s. 337-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The doctoral dissertation is a key component of postgraduate education that plays an important role for knowledge production and hence the development of a discipline. Swedish human geography currently lacks an overview of dissertations. This article fills this knowledge gap by reporting findings from a unique database covering all doctoral dissertations between 1884 and 2015. The paper focuses on the demographics of the authors (age, gender), the format of the dissertation and explores productivity variations for authors of compilation dissertations. The findings show a notable increase in the number of doctoral dissertations since the late 1960s but a decreasing share of doctoral dissertations in the social sciences since the 1970s. In terms of demographics, we show that while the age of the authors remains relatively stable, the gender-balance has improved considerably. In terms of format, the monograph has rapidly given way to compilation dissertations, which now account for half the number of dissertations. More than 70% of all dissertations are now published in English. Statistical results suggest that the likelihood of completing a compilation dissertation is greater if the doctoral candidate is young and if attending Umeå University. But individual author productivity for compilation dissertations is mainly influenced by unobservables.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Collective Action on Forest Governance: An Institutional Analysis of the Cambodian Community Forest System
- 2017
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341. ; 83, s. 70-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decentralisation in Cambodia has long been propagated as a means to enhance local engagement with governance structures. But in the forestry sector, even limited devolution of powers often constrains local user groups with excessive bureaucratic burdens. In addition, entrenched political economy interests tend to inhibit effective governance. To investigate the apparent institutional malaise that seems to characterise community forestry sites in Cambodia, this study employed a mixed methods approach to evaluate capacities to engage in collective action on forest governance. In our two case studies, community forestry is characterised by the exclusion of younger and poorer households from formal meetings, high costs and limited benefits for members, informal information channels where women and poorer households are excluded, low levels of formalisation, high enforcement costs and massive external pressures. The article calls for community forest entities to develop locally-adapted graduated sanction mechanisms through the receipt of greater support for internal monitoring and enforcement.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Prowse, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Policies or Prices? A Gendered Analysis of Drivers of Maize Production in Malawi and Zambia, 2002–13
- 2018
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Ingår i: Agriculture, Diversification, and Gender in Rural Africa. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780198799283 - 9780198799290 ; , s. 177-195
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maize is the basis for both agricultural production and food consumption in many areas of Southern Africa. This chapter presents a longitudinal study on changes in maize production based on Afrint data for Malawi and Zambia. It compares the extent to which farms managed by men and women have experienced such changes and identifies the factors driving the processes. It also locates the discussion within the context of government agricultural policies, especially fertilizer subsidy schemes, and trends in global as well as national maize prices. As a complement to Afrint I, II, and III rounds of data collection the chapter utilizes qualitative data collected in Malawi and Zambia in 2012 and 2016 containing interviews with key informants, households, and focus groups.
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| 8. |
- Prowse, Martin
(författare)
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The Determinants of Non-Farm Income Diversification in Rural Ethiopia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International Development. - 2233-6192. ; 6:1, s. 109-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diversification has long been viewed as a risk minimization strategy in the face of increasing climatic and economic risks in developing countries. This paper examines the determinants of non-farm income diversification in rural Ethiopia for a four-wave panel of 1240 households from the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey over the period 1994–2009. The paper makes a conceptual distinction between non-farm and off-farm income and uses fixed and random-effects models to control for unobserved characteristics. The results suggest that the variables that determine non-farm diversification consumption per capita and livestock holdings—belong to pull factors and reflect a strategy by wealthier households. Coupled with instrumental variable estimations to ascertain the direction of causality, these findings lend support to the argument that the main motivation for increasing non-farm diversification is likely to be accumulation.
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| 9. |
- Prowse, Martin
(författare)
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The scandal of big tobacco’s behaviour in the developing world
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Guardian. ; 18th July 2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- That big tobacco hinders the adoption of anti-smoking legislation is no surprise. Your leader correctly identifies the best route to behavioural change – shareholder pressure – but does not highlight the key channel to achieve this. Big tobacco needs to diversify. This is where shareholder pressure should be applied: to encourage manufacturers and associated leaf merchants to invest in non-harmful products and speed up the process of product diversification. In addition, governments in the south and their development partners should work with manufacturers and merchants to reduce big tobacco’s own addiction to the evil weed.
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| 10. |
- Prowse, Martin
(författare)
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What role can Prezi play in students’ learning process?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Improving University Science Teaching and Learning : Pedagogical Projects 2015 - Pedagogical Projects 2015. ; 8, s. 379-379
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This project offers an initial evaluation of using the online learning platform Prezi as a tool for increasing student learning within a MA unit in human geography. It does this by comparing the use of Prezi to four other learning activities conducted during the course. The aim of the project is to see whether the use of this technology became an end in itself, thereby distracting students and detracted from their learning, or whether it added some value to the course. Data comes mainly from five semi-structured interviews with participants. The qualitative data suggests that students appreciated Prezi because it allowed them to be more creative, to select and condense knowledge and to offer a new dimension to presenting knowledge. But, overall, lectures, discussion and group presentations were more important than Prezi in terms of their learning process. The only activity which was less important than Prezi was the other addition to the course: formal debates. Prezi appears to be able to complement students’ learning when they have been able to acquire knowledge through other teaching activities. In essence, it can enhance learning based on more traditional, tried and tested teaching techniques.
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