| 1. |
- Arévalo Sureda, Ester, et al.
(författare)
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Early effects on the intestinal barrier and pancreatic function after enteral stimulation with protease or kidney bean lectin in neonatal rats
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 119:9, s. 992-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut maturation naturally accelerates at weaning in altricial mammalian species, such as the rat. Mimicking this, gut development can also be induced precociously, 3–4 d earlier than it would occur naturally, by enteral exposure to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), or various proteases. We investigated the early effects of gut provocation on intestinal barrier and pancreatic functions, to get a better understanding of the mechanisms that initiate gut maturation. The effects of oral administration of protease (trypsin) or PHA to 14-d-old suckling rats were studied during 24 h in comparison with water-fed controls. Intestinal in vivo permeability was assessed by oral administration of different-sized marker molecules and measuring their passage into the blood or urine 3 h later. A period of 24 h following oral administration, both PHA and protease provocation stimulated small intestinal (SI) growth and pancreatic secretion, as indicated by decreased pancreatic trypsin and increased luminal enzyme content. Within 1 h of oral administration, both treatments prevented the absorption of macromolecules to blood that was observed in controls. PHA treatment hindered the passage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD) 4 to blood, whereas protease treatment temporarily increased plasma levels of FD4, and the urine lactulose:mannitol ratio, indicating increased intestinal leakiness. Following protease treatment, fluorescence microscopy showed decreased vesicular uptake of FD70 in the proximal SI and increased epithelial fluorescence in the distal SI. In conclusion, PHA and protease differed in their early effects on the intestinal barrier; both exerted a blocking effect on epithelial endocytosis, whereas protease treatment alone temporarily increased epithelial leakiness, which seemed to be confined to the distal SI.
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| 2. |
- Arévalo Sureda, Ester, et al.
(författare)
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Maturation of the intestinal epithelial barrier in neonatal rats coincides with decreased FcRn expression, replacement of vacuolated enterocytes and changed Blimp-1 expression
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The intestinal barrier is immature in newborn mammals allowing for transfer of bioactive macromolecules, e.g. protecting antibodies, from mother's milk to the blood circulation and in neonatal rodents lasts until weaning. This passage involves the neonatal-Fc-receptor (FcRn) binding IgG in the proximal and highly endocytic vacuolated enterocytes in the distal immature small intestine (SI). Recent studies have suggested an involvement of the transcription factor B-lymphocyte-induced maturation-protein-1 (Blimp-1) in the regulation of SI maturation in mice. Hence, the objective of the present study was to monitor the development of the intestinal barrier function, in relation to Blimp-1 expression during both natural and precociously induced intestinal maturation in rats. Results: During the suckling period IgG plasma levels increased, while after gut closure it temporarily decreased. This corresponded to a high expression of FcRn in the proximal SI epithelium and the presence of vacuolated enterocytes in the distal SI. The immature foetal-type epithelium was replaced after weaning or induced precocious maturation, by an adult-type epithelium with FcRnneg cells in the proximal and by non-vacuolated enterocytes in the distal SI. In parallel to this epithelial shift, Blimp-1 expression decreased in the distal SI. Conclusion: The switch from foetal- to adult-type epithelium, with decreased proximal expression of FcRn and distal replacement of vacuolated enterocytes, was concurrent in the two SI regions and could be used for monitoring SI maturation in the rat. The changes in expression of Blimp-1 in the distal SI epithelium followed the maturation pattern.
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| 3. |
- Clough, Dagmar, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of protein malnutrition on tolerance to helminth infection
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biology letters. - : The Royal Society. - 1744-9561 .- 1744-957X. ; 12:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infection tolerance is the ability of a host to limit the health effects of a given parasite load. A few recent studies have demonstrated genetic variation for tolerance, but little is known about how environmental factors affect tolerance. Here, we used the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus in laboratory mice to test for effects of protein malnutrition on tolerance. We performed an experiment where two different mouse strains (CBA and BALB/c) were fed either adequate-protein food or low-protein food, and trickle-infected with different doses of H. polygyrus larvae during four weeks. We found that protein malnutrition decreases tolerance measured as intestinal barrier function, but only in one of the strains (BALB/c); that is, there was a host genotype-by-environment interaction for tolerance. We conclude that nutritional status can affect tolerance and that sensitivity of tolerance to malnutrition may differ between host genotypes.
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| 4. |
- Devarakonda, Sravani, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary Fiber and the Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche in a Model of Pelvic Radiotherapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4522. ; 475, s. 137-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- sought to determine whether radiation to the colorectum had an impact on parameters of hippocampal neurogenesis and, if so, whether it could be modulated by a fiber-rich diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet containing bioprocessed oat bran or a fiber-free diet, starting two weeks before colorectal irradiation with 4 fractions of 8 Gray or sham-irradiation. Diets were then continued for 1, 6 or 18 weeks, whereafter parameters of hippocampal neurogenesis were analyzed and correlated to serum cytokine levels. No statistically significant changes in neuronal markers or cell proliferation were found at one week post-irradiation. Six weeks postirradiation there was a decreased cell proliferation in the subgranular zone that appeared slightly more pronounced in irradiated animals on a fiber-free diet and increased numbers of immature neurons per mm2 dentate gyrus in the irradiated mice, with a statistically significant increase in mice on a fiber-rich diet. Microglial abundancy was similar between all groups. 18 weeks post-irradiation, a fiber-free diet had reduced the number of immature neurons, whereas irradiation resulted in an increase. Despite this, the population of mature neurons was stable. Analysis of serum cytokines revealed a negative correlation between MIP1-a and the number of immature neurons one week after irradiation, regardless of diet. Our findings show that pelvic radiotherapy has the potential to cause a long-lasting impact on hippocampal neurogenesis, and dietary interventions may modulate this impact. More in-depth studies on the relationship between irradiation-induced intestinal injury and brain health are warranted. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 5. |
- Edwards, M. V., et al.
(författare)
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Spray-dried porcine plasma and yeast derived protein meal influence the adaption to weaning of primiparous and multiparous sow progeny in different ways
- 2013
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Ingår i: Animal Production Science. - 1836-5787. ; 53:1, s. 75-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pigs from 154 litters (n = 1132, 19 +/- 3 days of age, 4.9 +/- 1.1 kg of bodyweight) were used in a 3 x 2 factorial design to evaluate two raw materials with nutraceutical properties being used in feeds, spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) and a yeast protein meal, and their effects on growth performance, immune parameters and gastrointestinal adaption of piglets to weaning. Factors included dietary treatments being (1) 5% SDPP (PLA), (2) 3.5% yeast protein meal (NUP) and (3) medicated control (TMC) and parity (primiparous versus multiparous). The treatment groups were imposed from Day 19 through to weaning at Day 27. Selected pigs (n = 720, 28 +/- 3 days of age, 7.4 +/- 1.0 kg of bodyweight) were weaned and remained on their respective diets from Day 28 to Day 34. From Day 35 to Day 48 all group-housed pigs were offered a commercial weaner 1 diet, and from Day 49 to Day 68 pigs were offered a commercial weaner 2 diet. Growth performance, survival, and serum immunoglobulinGwere monitored throughout the nursery phase (Day 28 to Day 68). Adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute post-weaning phase (Day 28 to Day 34) was assessed in 36 individually housed male weaners, with the effects of feed on structural, digestive, microbial and immune parameters along the gastrointestinal tract determined atDay 34. Pre-weaning feed disappearance was greater (P< 0.01) in multiparous litters independent of diet. In the commercial nursery, total removals (mortality and morbidity) were highest (P<0.01) in primiparous sow progeny, with pigs offered NUP having greater (P <= 0.05) total removals. Pigs offered PLA had superior average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio from Day 28 to Day 34 (P<0.05). Pigs offered NUP tended to (P=0.07) have superior average daily gain from Day 35 to Day 49. Pigs offered NUP had higher (P<0.05) serum immunoglobulinGconcentrations at Day 68 compared with pigs offered TMC, with the effect most pronounced in primiparous sow progeny. Individually housed weaners offered PLA consumed more (P<0.05) feed on Day 30 to Day 31, had shorter relative intestine length (P<0.05), greater villous height in the medial jejunum (P<0.10) and lower immuno-pathology scores along the intestine. Pigs offered PLA also tended (P<0.10) to have increased pancreatic-specific lipase and amylase activity compared with pigs offered NUP. Pigs offered NUP had a higher ratio of E. coli : coliforms in the colon (P<0.01) and more counts of beta-haemolytic bacteria in the medial jejunum (P<0.05) and colon (P<0.10). Diets containing either SDPP or NUP offered pigs benefits beyond nutrition relative to the medicated control diet. The benefits of SDPPwere highly effective but transient, while the yeast derived protein had a successive or accumulative effect which was more pronounced in primiparous sow progeny. Received 3 May 2012, accepted 17 October 2012, published online 29 November 2012
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| 6. |
- Eftring, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Tips for creating inclusive classrooms at LTH
- 2023
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Ingår i: LTH:s 12:e Pedagogiska inspirationskonferens. - 2003-3761 .- 2003-377X. ; , s. 45-47
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All people are different. All teachers are different. All students are different. They have different life situations, different study situations, and different preferences, conditions, and abilities. How can we take this diversity into account when we plan our teaching and exams? What situations should we prepare for? How can we help students focus on their learning and not on unnecessary obstacles we unconsciously introduce? If we make small efforts upfront, this lets us avoid much larger efforts later on when we are confronted with the reality of students in our class and their different needs.At this round table, let us discuss diversity in teaching and learning. During fall 2023, a pilot of the course “The Inclusive Classroom” was run at LTH, the Faculty of Engineering at Lund University. We present the compiled, most important take-aways of participants and instructors, in addition to individual case-studies. In a nutshell: There are a lot of easy things you can do that can already have large effects, and you are not alone: LTH has many resources to support you. Please join a supportive, engaged community and learn from and with us!
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| 7. |
- Goncharova, Katerina, et al.
(författare)
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A piglet with surgically induced exocrine pancreatic insufficiency as an animal model of newborns to study fat digestion.
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 112:12, s. 2060-2067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maldigestion and malabsorption of fat in infants fed milk formula results due to the minimal production of pancreatic lipase. Thus, to investigate lipid digestion and absorption and mimic the situation in newborns, a young porcine exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) model was adapted and validated in the present study. A total of thirteen EPI pigs, aged 8 weeks old, were randomised into three groups and fed either a milk-based formula or a milk-based formula supplemented with either bacterial or fungal lipase. Digestion and absorption of fat was directly correlated with the addition of lipases as demonstrated by a 30 % increase in the coefficient of fat absorption. In comparison to the control group, a 40 and 25 % reduction in total fat content and 26 and 45 % reduction in n-3 and n-6 fatty acid (FA) content in the stool was observed for lipases 1 and 2, respectively. Improved fat absorption was reflected in the blood levels of lipid parameters. During the experiment, only a very slight gain in body weight was observed in EPI piglets, which can be explained by the absence of pancreatic protease and amylase in the gastrointestinal tract. This is similar to newborn babies that have reduced physiological function of exocrine pancreas. In conclusion, we postulate that the EPI pig model fed with infant formula mimics the growth and lipid digestion and absorption in human neonates and can be used to elucidate further importance of fat and FA in the development and growth of newborns, as well as for testing novel formula compositions.
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| 8. |
- Goncharova, Kateryna, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced absorption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids following consumption of functional milk formula, pre-digested with immobilized lipase ex vivo, in an exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pig model
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Functional Foods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1756-4646. ; 34, s. 422-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pig model was used in the study. The effects of milk formula pre-digestion with immobilized microbial lipase, on the absorption and tissue accretion of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) were assessed. Thirteen male EPI pigs, 10 weeks of age, were used in the study. Six healthy pigs, 6 weeks of age, were used as controls. The pigs were fed either a regular or a pre-digested milk formula. The formula pre-digestion resulted in the decreased faecal total fat and LCPUFA excretion (by 43% and 38% respectively), increased plasma and tissue LCPUFA content (up to 38%). In conclusion, we postulate that feeding a pre-digested milk formula, is an efficient method to develop a functional milk formula, the consumption of which will ensure an increase in total fat absorption (in particular LCPUFA) in human infants as was indicated in the present study in the EPI pig model.
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| 9. |
- Goncharova, Katerina, et al.
(författare)
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Model development of hydroxyproline induced hyperoxaluria in young growing pigs
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. - : University of Rzeszow. - 2544-1361. ; 15:1, s. 6-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim of the study. In this study, we sought to create a model of reversible hyperoxaluria in pigs by feeding with hydroxyproline (HP). Materials and methods. The experiment included 12 pigs divided into 2 groups (n = 6). The pigs were fed twice a day. At the beginning of the experiment, in the adaptation period, all pigs were given standard feed. In the next 7 days, an increasing amount of hydroxyproline (1–3% HP), was added to the feed. In next 14 days, 4% HP was administered in each pig meal. After 14 days of 4% HP diet, the pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups. For 6 pigs, 4% HP treatment had been continued for the next 14 days while the second group of pigs for the next 14 days received a standard HP free diet. 24h urine samples, blood and fecal samples were collected on particular days. Results. The addition of HP to the diet increased urinary oxalate excretion. A characteristic increase was noted after 12 days of treatment with 4% HP. During the removal period, oxalate excretion decreased in the group without HP in diet, while in the group which continued with a 4% HP diet, oxalate excretion significantly increased. Gross examination of kidneys showed that in the group which had 4% HP diet for 4 weeks, kidneys were fibrotic with enlarged cavities, and had small visible urinary stones. In second group, kidneys were relatively normal looking with no visible stones. Conclusion. Hyperoxaluria is reversible, if HP is removed 14 days after the start of 4% HP diet. Prolonged exposure up to 4 weeks causes pathologic changes in kidneys including crystals, sand and small stone formation.
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| 10. |
- Grases-Pintó, Blanca, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Leptin and Adiponectin Supplementation on Intraepithelial Lymphocyte and Microbiota Composition in Suckling Rats
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary components in early life play a role in both microbiota and intestinal immune system maturation in mammalian species. Adipokines, as endogenously produced hormones from breast milk, may have an impact on this process. The aim of the present study was to establish the influence of leptin and adiponectin supplementation during suckling on the intraepithelial lymphocyte composition, intestinal barrier function, intestinal gene expression, and gut microbiota in rat. For this purpose, newborn Wistar rats were supplemented daily with leptin, adiponectin, or whey protein concentrate during the first 21 days of life. Lymphocyte composition was established by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis; intestinal gene expression by real-time PCR and cecal microbiota were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although leptin and adiponectin were able to increase the Tc TCRαβ+ and NKT cell proportion, they decreased the NK cell percentage in IEL. Moreover, adipokine supplementation differentially modified CD8+ IEL. While the supplementation of leptin increased the proportion of CD8αα+ IEL (associated to a more intestinal phenotype), adiponectin enhanced that of CD8αβ+ (related to a peripheral phenotype). Furthermore, both adipokines enhanced the gene expression of TNF-α, MUC-2, and MUC-3, and decreased that of FcRn. In addition, the adipokine supplementations decreased the abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum and the presence of Blautia. Moreover, leptin-supplemented animals had lower relative abundance of Sutterella and a higher proportion of Clostridium genus, among others. However, supplementation with adiponectin resulted in lower abundance of the Roseburia genus and a higher proportion of the Enterococcus genus. In conclusion, the supplementation with leptin and adiponectin throughout the suckling period had an impact on both the IEL composition and the gut microbiota pattern, suggesting a modulatory role of these adipokines on the development of intestinal functionality.
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