| 1. |
- Petré, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the Intrasession Exercise Order of Flywheel Resistance and High-Intensity Interval Training on Maximal Strength and Power Performance in Elite Team-Sport Athletes.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1064-8011 .- 1533-4287. ; 37:12, s. 2389-2396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the effect of intrasession exercise order of maximal effort flywheel resistance training (RT; 436 repetitions [rep]) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 2–438 rep of 20 second at 130% of Watt atV̇O2max [wV̇O2max]), on the development of maximal strength and power in elite team-sport athletes. A 7-week training intervention involving 2 training sessions per week of either HIIT followed by RT (HIIT + RT, n 5 8), RT followed by HIIT (RT + HIIT, n 5 8), or RTalone (RT, n 5 7) was conducted in 23 elite male bandy players (24.7 6 4.3 years). Power and work were continuously measured during the flywheel RT. Isometric squat strength (ISq), countermovement jump, squat jump, and V̇O2max were measured before and after the training period. Power output during training differed between the groups (p 5 0.013, h2p5 0.365) with RT producing more power than HIIT + RT (p 5 0.005). ISq improved following RT + HIIT (;80%, d 5 2.10, p 5 0.001) and following HIIT + RT(;40%, d 5 1.64, p 5 0.005), and RT alone (;70%, d 5 1.67, p 5 0.004). V̇O2max increased following RT + HIIT and HIIT + RT(;10%, d51.98, p50.001 resp. d52.08, p50.001). HIIT before RT reduced power output during RT in elite team-sport athletes but did not lead to blunted development of maximal strength or power after a 7-week training period. During longer training periods(.7-weeks), it may be advantageous to schedule RT before HIIT because the negative effect of HIIT + RT on training quality increased during the final weeks of training. In addition, the largest training effect on maximal strength was observed following RT +HIIT.
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| 2. |
- Petré, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Characteristics of Elite Male Bandy Players.
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical characteristics of elite male bandy players have not been studied for the last 30 years. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics of elite male bandy players with respect to playing positions. A cross-sectional study was performed that included 25 male bandy players from one of the highest-ranked bandy leagues in the world. Body weight, length, isometric mid-thigh pull, countermovement jump, squat jump, unilateral long jump, bilateral long jump, 15- and 30-m sprint, 15-m flying sprint, and VO2max were tested. Players were divided into forwards, midfielders, and defenders. Forwards had significantly (p = 0.012) higher relative VO2max than defenders (59.8 ± 4.3 compared to 53.0 ± 5.6 mL/kg/min). No significant differences for any of the other measurements were observed between positions. This is the first study to present the physical characteristics between playing positions in off- and on-ice tests for male bandy players competing at the highest level. Today's bandy players are heavier and have lower relative VO2max compared with players in the early 1990s. However, their work capacities have increased since their absolute VO2max is higher. These results provide benchmark values that can serve as a foundation for strength and conditioning professionals when designing future training programs.
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| 3. |
- Westblad, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Autoregulated Flywheel and Traditional Strength Training on Training Load Progression and Motor Skill Performance in Youth Athletes.
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The effects of flywheel resistance training (FRT) on youth are relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of autoregulated FRT with traditional strength training (TST) on jumping, running performance and resistance training load progression in youth athletes. Thirty youth athletes (11.8 ± 0.9 yr) were matched for peak height velocity (PHV) status and block-randomised into two groups: FRT (n = 15, PHV -0.8 ± 1.6) and TST (n = 15, PHV -0.8 ± 1.5). Twelve resistance training sessions over a six-week intervention with flywheel or barbell squats were performed using autoregulated load prescription. Squat jump (SJ); countermovement jump (CMJ); and 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprints were assessed pre- and post-intervention. The external load increased similarly for FRT and TST (z = 3.8, p = 0.06). SJ increased for both groups (p < 0.05) but running performance was unaffected (p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: FRT resulted in similar load progression and motor skill development in youth athletes as TST, but the perceived exertion was less. Autoregulation is a practical method for adjusting training load during FRT and should be considered as an alternative to autoregulated TST.
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| 4. |
- Davids, Charlie J, et al.
(författare)
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Acute cellular and molecular responses and chronic adaptations to low-load blood flow restriction and high-load resistance exercise in trained individuals.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 131:6, s. 1731-1749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood flow restriction (BFR) with low-load resistance exercise (RE) is often used as a surrogate to traditional high-load RE to stimulate muscular adaptations, such as hypertrophy and strength. However, it is not clear whether such adaptations are achieved through similar cellular and molecular processes. We compared changes in muscle function, morphology and signaling pathways between these differing training protocols. Twenty-one males and females (mean ± SD: 24.3 ± 3.1 years) experienced with resistance training (4.9 ± 2.6 years) performed nine weeks of resistance training (three times per week) with either high-loads (75-80% 1RM; HL-RT), or low-loads with BFR (30-40% 1RM; LL-BFR). Before and after the training intervention, resting muscle biopsies were collected, and quadricep cross-sectional area (CSA), muscular strength and power were measured. Approximately 5 days following the intervention, the same individuals performed an additional 'acute' exercise session under the same conditions, and serial muscle biopsies were collected to assess hypertrophic- and ribosomal-based signaling stimuli. Quadricep CSA increased with both LL-BFR (7.4±4.3%) and HL-RT (4.6±2.9%), with no significant differences between training groups (p=0.37). Muscular strength also increased in both training groups, but with superior gains in squat 1RM occurring with HL-RT (p<0.01). Acute phosphorylation of several key proteins involved in hypertrophy signaling pathways, and expression of ribosomal RNA transcription factors occurred to a similar degree with LL-BFR and HL-RT (all p>0.05 for between-group comparisons). Together, these findings validate low-load resistance training with continuous BFR as an effective alternative to traditional high-load resistance training for increasing muscle hypertrophy in trained individuals.
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| 5. |
- Derakhti, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Four Weeks of Power Optimized Sprint Training Improves Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players.
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. - : Human Kinetics. - 1555-0265 .- 1555-0273. ; 17:9, s. 1343-1351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of heavy resisted sprint training (RST) versus unresisted sprint training (UST) on sprint performance among adolescent soccer players.METHODS: Twenty-four male soccer players (age: 15.7 [0.5] y; body height: 175.7 [9.4] cm; body mass: 62.5 [9.2] kg) were randomly assigned to the RST group (n = 8), the UST group (n = 10), or the control group (n = 6). The UST group performed 8 × 20 m unresisted sprints twice weekly for 4 weeks, whereas the RST group performed 5 × 20-m heavy resisted sprints with a resistance set to maximize the horizontal power output. The control group performed only ordinary soccer training and match play. Magnitude-based decision and linear regression were used to analyze the data.RESULTS: The RST group improved sprint performances with moderate to large effect sizes (0.76-1.41) across all distances, both within and between groups (>92% beneficial effect likelihood). Conversely, there were no clear improvements in the UST and control groups. The RST evoked the largest improvements over short distances (6%-8%) and was strongly associated with increased maximum horizontal force capacities (r = .9). Players with a preintervention deficit in force capacity appeared to benefit the most from RST.CONCLUSIONS: Four weeks of heavy RST led to superior improvements in short-sprint performance compared with UST among adolescent soccer players. Heavy RST, using a load individually selected to maximize horizontal power, is therefore highly recommended as a method to improve sprint acceleration in youth athletes.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Eftestøl, Einar, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle memory : Are myonuclei ever lost?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 128, s. 456-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Moberg, Marcus, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise Induces Different Molecular Responses in Trained and Untrained Human Muscle.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 52:8, s. 1679-1690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Human skeletal muscle is thought to have heightened sensitivity to exercise stimulus when it has been previously trained (i.e., it possesses "muscle memory"). We investigated whether basal and acute resistance exercise-induced gene expression and cell signaling events are influenced by previous strength training history.METHODS: Accordingly, 19 training naïve women and men completed 10 weeks of unilateral leg strength training, followed by 20 weeks of detraining. Subsequently, an acute resistance exercise session was performed for both legs, with vastus lateralis biopsies taken at rest and 1 h after exercise in both legs (memory and control).RESULTS: The phosphorylation of AMPK and eEF2 was higher in the memory leg than in the control leg at both time points. Post-exercise phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 was higher in the memory leg than in the control leg. The memory leg had lower basal mRNA levels of total PGC1α, and, unlike the control leg, exhibited increases in PGC1α-ex1a transcripts after exercise. In the genes related to myogenesis (SETD3, MYOD1, and MYOG), mRNA levels differed between the memory and the untrained leg; these effects were evident primarily in the male subjects. Expression of the novel gene SPRYD7 was lower in the memory leg at rest and decreased after exercise only in the control leg, but SPRYD7 protein levels were higher in the memory leg.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, several key regulatory genes and proteins involved in muscular adaptations to resistance exercise are influenced by previous training history. Although the relevance and mechanistic explanation for these findings need further investigation, they support the view of a molecular muscle memory in response to training.
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| 9. |
- Petré, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Between-Session Reliability of Strength- and Power-Related Variables Obtained during Isometric Leg Press and Countermovement Jump in Elite Female Ice Hockey Players.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sports. - : MDPI. - 2075-4663. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isometric leg press (ILP) and countermovement jump (CMJ) are commonly used to obtain strength- and power-related variables with important implications for health maintenance and sports performance. To enable the identification of true changes in performance with these measurements, the reliability must be known. This study evaluates the between-session reliability of strength- and power-related measures obtained from ILP and CMJ. Thirteen female elite ice hockey players (21.5 ± 5.1 years; 66.3 ± 8.0 kg) performed three maximal ILPs and CMJs on two different occasions. Variables from the ILP (peak force and peak rate of force development) and CMJ (peak power, peak force, peak velocity, and peak jump height) were obtained. The results were reported using the best trial, an average of the two best trials, or an average of three trials. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were high (ICC > 0.97; CV < 5.2%) for all outcomes. The CV for the CMJ (1.5-3.2%) was lower than that for the ILP (3.4-5.2%). There were no differences between reporting the best trial, an average of the two best trials, or an average of the three trials for the outcomes. ILP and CMJ are highly reliable when examining strength- and power-related variables in elite female ice hockey players.
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| 10. |
- Petré, Henrik
(författare)
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Concurrent training for elite team sport athletes
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most team sports consist of elements that require both a high level of strength and aerobic endurance. Because of these demands a combination of resistance and endurance training (concurrent training) is an integrated part of their weekly training program. Concurrent training can be defined as the implementation of resistance and endurance training in parallel within the same training program to develop both capacities simultaneously. Despite the wide range of benefits of concurrent training, there is evidence that adding endurance training to a resistance training protocol can compromise strength development. The underlying cause has recently started to be clarified, with substantial evidence suggesting that the design of the training program and inter-individual differences play a crucial role in determining the effect of concurrent training on strength performance. It has been suggested that the training status may have an independent influence on the results during concurrent training. Thus, it is important to acknowledge that the scientific literature on concurrent training for elite team sport athletes is very scarce, especially in females. The primary aim of this thesis was therefore to investigate the effect of concurrent training on elite team sport athletes with both sexes represented. This was done by performing one systematic review with meta-analysis and three experimental studies.Study I is a review study addressing the effect of training status on strength development during concurrent training and the effect of same-session and different sessions of concurrent training. The result from this study suggests that adding endurance training to a resistance training protocol impairs lower-body maximal dynamic strength development in trained individuals but not in moderately trained or untrained. The data also show that the impairment appears to increase if concurrent training is performed within the same session. Given these findings, the focus of study II was to investigate the impact of intrasession exercise order during same-session concurrent training in elite team sport athletes. In this study, we show that high-intensity interval training before resistance training reduces power output during resistance training but does not impair maximal strength or power development during a 7-week training intervention. The focus of study III was to examine the reliability of isometric leg press and countermovement jump, two commonly used measurements when assessing strength- and power-related variables in elite team sport athletes. In this study, we demonstrate that isometric leg press and countermovement jump are highly reliable measurements when examining strength- and power-related variables.The findings from study II showed that a reduction in resistance training performance (power output) during same-session concurrent training was visible only when high-intensity interval training was performed before resistance training (study II). The focus of study IV was therefore to investigate the effect of different recovery periods following high-intensity interval training on strength and explosive performance during a power training session in elite team sport athletes. Since isometric leg press and countermovement jump were shown in study III to be highly reliable measurements when assessing strength- and power-related variables in elite team sport athletes, these measurements were used in study IV. In study IV, we demonstrated that high-intensity interval training 10 min prior to power training impairs strength and explosive performance. However, the impairment was no longer present 6 and 24 hours after high-intensity interval training.In conclusion, the present thesis shows that trained individuals are sensitive to concurrent training, and that adding high-intensity interval training prior to resistance training compromises strength and explosive performance during the resistance training session in elite team sport athletes. However, the reduction in training performance does not seem to translate to reduced strength or power development during shorter training periods (<7-weeks). The findings from the present thesis also show that the reduction in training performance can be reduced by performing the resistance training session first or by allowing at least a 6-hour recovery period between sessions. The findings from this thesis provide a foundation for an evidence-based approach when organizing training to enhance performance in elite team sport athletes, and for future work to further examine the effect of concurrent training on this population.
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