| 1. |
- Nam, Kwangho, et al.
(författare)
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Trapping the ATP binding state leads to a detailed understanding of the F-1-ATPase mechanism
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 111:50, s. 17851-17856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rotary motor enzyme FoF1-ATP synthase uses the protonmotive force across a membrane to synthesize ATP from ADP and P-i (H2PO4-) under cellular conditions that favor the hydrolysis reaction by a factor of 2 x 10(5). This remarkable ability to drive a reaction away from equilibrium by harnessing an external force differentiates it from an ordinary enzyme, which increases the rate of reaction without shifting the equilibrium. Hydrolysis takes place in the neighborhood of one conformation of the catalytic moiety F-1-ATPase, whose structure is known from crystallography. By use of molecular dynamics simulations we trap a second structure, which is rotated by 40 degrees from the catalytic dwell conformation and represents the state associated with ATP binding, in accord with single-molecule experiments. Using the two structures, we show why Pi is not released immediately after ATP hydrolysis, but only after a subsequent 120 degrees rotation, in agreement with experiment. A concerted conformational change of the alpha(3)beta(3) crown is shown to induce the 40 degrees rotation of the gamma-subunit only when the beta(E) subunit is empty, whereas with Pi bound, beta(E) serves as a latch to prevent the rotation of gamma. The present results provide a rationalization of how F-1-ATPase achieves the coupling between the small changes in the active site of beta(DP) and the 40 degrees rotation of gamma.
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| 2. |
- Zhou, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping Free Energy Pathways for ATP Hydrolysis in the E. coli ABC Transporter HlyB by the String Method
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 23:10, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HlyB functions as an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that enables bacteria to secrete toxins at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. Our previous work, based on potential energy profiles from combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations, has suggested that the highly conserved H-loop His residue H662 in the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) of E. coli HlyB may catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP through proton relay. To further test this hypothesis when entropic contributions are taken into account, we obtained QM/MM minimum free energy paths (MFEPs) for the HlyB reaction, making use of the string method in collective variables. The free energy profiles along the MFEPs confirm the direct participation of H662 in catalysis. The MFEP simulations of HlyB also reveal an intimate coupling between the chemical steps and a local protein conformational change involving the signature-loop residue S607, which may serve a catalytic role similar to an Arg-finger motif in many ATPases and GTPases in stabilizing the phosphoryl-transfer transition state.
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