| 1. |
- Pan, Xiong-Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating fatty acids and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus : prospective analyses in China
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 185:1, s. 87-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We aimed to examine prospective associations between circulating fatty acids in early pregnancy and incident gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Chinese pregnant women.Methods: Analyses were based on two prospective nested case-control studies conducted in western China (336 GDM cases and 672 matched controls) and central China (305 cases and 305 matched controls). Fasting plasma fatty acids in early pregnancy (gestational age at enrollment: 10.4 weeks(s.d., 2.0)) and 13.2 weeks (1.0), respectively) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and GDM was diagnosed based on the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups criteria during 24-28 weeks of gestation. Multiple metabolic biomarkers (HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), HbA1c, c-peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, and blood lipids) were additionally measured among 672 non-GDM controls at enrollment.Results: Higher levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) 14:0 (pooled odds ratio, 1.41 for each 1-s.d. increase; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.59) and 16:0 (1.19; 1.05, 1.35) were associated with higher odds of GDM. Higher levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 18:2n-6 were strongly associated with lower odds of GDM (0.69; 0.60, 0.80). In non-GDM pregnant women, higher SFAs 14:0 and 16:0 but lower n-6 PUFA 18:2n-6 were generally correlated with unfavorable metabolic profiles.Conclusions: We documented adverse associations of 14:0 and 16:0 but a protective association of 18:2n-6 with GDM among Chinese pregnant women. Our findings highlight the distinct roles of specific fatty acids in the onset of GDM.
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| 2. |
- Wang, Di, et al.
(författare)
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Transmission of clones of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli between a hospital and an urban wastewater treatment plant*
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) constitute an urgent threat to worldwide public health. The spread of CRE is facilitated by transmission via the environment. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be important sources of antibiotic resistance and hot spots of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) which can facilitate dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, water samples were collected over one year from a WWTP in Jinan, Shandong province, China, from different functional sites in the wastewater treatment process. Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) were isolated by selective cultivation and whole-genome sequenced to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of CREC in the WWTP. A total of 77 CREC isolates were included in the study and the detection rate of CREC in the WWTP water inlet was found to be 85%. An additional 10 CREC were isolated from a nearby teaching hospital during the sampling period and included for comparison to the environmental isolates. Susceptibility testing showed that all CREC were multidrug-resistant. 6 different carbapenem resistance genes (CRGs) were detected, including blaNDM-5 (n = 75), blaNDM-1 (n = 6), blaNDM-4 (n = 3), blaNDM-6 (n = 1), blaNDM-9 (n = 1), and blaKPC-2 (n = 4). 42 CREC isolates were whole-genome sequenced with Illumina short-read sequencing. 11 of these were also sequenced with Nanopore long-read sequencing. Plasmids carrying CRGs were found to belong to IncX3 (n = 35), IncFII (n = 12), IncFIA (n = 5), IncFIB (n = 2), IncC (n = 1), and IncP6 (n = 1). Clonal dissemination of CREC belonging to ST167, ST448, and ST746 was observed between different parts of the WWTP. Furthermore, isolates from the WWTP, including an isolate belonging to the high-risk ST167 strain, were found to be clonally related to CREC isolated at the hospital. The spread of CRGs is of considerable concern and strategies to prevent environmental dissemination of this contaminant urgently needs to be implemented.
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