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| 2. |
- Badr, Hussein O., et al.
(författare)
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Bottom-up, scalable synthesis of anatase nanofilament-based two-dimensional titanium carbo-oxide flakes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer advantages that their 3D counterparts do not. The conventional method for the bulk synthesis of 2D materials has predominantly been through etching layered solids. Herein, we convert - through a bottom-up approach - 10 binary and ternary titanium carbides, nitrides, borides, phosphides, and silicides into 2D flakes by immersing them in a tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution at temperatures in the 25-85 degrees C range. Based on X-ray diffraction, density functional theory, X-ray photoelectron, electron energy loss, Raman, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopies, transmission and scanning electron microscope images and selected area diffraction, we conclude that the resulting flakes are carbon containing anatase-based layers that are, in turn, comprised of approximate to 6 x 10 angstrom(2) nanofilaments in cross-section some of which are few microns long. Electrodes made from some of these films performed well in lithium-ion and lithium-sulphur systems. These materials also reduce the viability of cancer cells thus showing potential in biomedical applications. Synthesizing 2D materials, at near ambient conditions, with non-layered, inexpensive, green precursors (e.g., TiC) is paradigm shifting and will undoubtedly open new and exciting avenues of research and applications.
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
- Qian, Jy, et al.
(författare)
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Heat transfer analysis on dimple geometries and arrangements in dimple jacketed heat exchanger
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat and Fluid Flow. - 0961-5539. ; 29:8, s. 2775-2791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of dimple geometries and arrangements on the heat transfer enhancement in a dimple jacketed heat exchanger. Design/methodology/approach: For the purpose of this paper, with the experimental validated numerical model, this paper carries out numerical simulations of both single dimples with different geometries and the whole dimple jacketed heat exchanger with different dimple arrangements. For a single dimple, its secondary vortex flow, temperature differences and the pressure drop performance for different geometries are analyzed. For the whole dimple jacketed heat exchanger, the heat transfer and pressure drop performances are investigated by comparing the no dimple, triangular and rectangular dimple arrangements. Findings: Results show that dimples can improve the heat transfer efficiency compared with conventional jacketed heat exchanger, and specific geometries and arrangement of dimples for better heat transfer performance are figured out. Originality/value: This paper considers both dimple geometries and arrangements, which can be useful for further applications in specific integrated devices or similar applications.
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| 5. |
- Yao, Tandong, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Third Pole’s rapid warming accompanies cryospheric melt and water cycle intensification and interactions between monsoon and environment: multi-disciplinary approach with observation, modeling and analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; :March, s. 423-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Third Pole (TP) is experiencing rapid warming and is currently in its warmest period in the past 2,000 years. This paper reviews the latest development in multidisciplinary TP research associated with this warming. The rapid warming facilitates intense and broad glacier melt over most of the TP, although some glaciers in the northwest are advancing. By heating the atmosphere and reducing snow/ice albedo, aerosols also contribute to the glaciers melting. Glacier melt is accompanied by lake expansion and intensification of the water cycle over the TP. Precipitation has increased over the eastern and northwestern TP. Meanwhile, the TP is greening and most regions are experiencing advancing phenological trends, although over the southwest there is a spring phenological delay mainly in response to the recent decline in spring precipitation. Atmospheric and terrestrial thermal and dynamical processes over the TP affect the Asian monsoon at different scales. Recent evidence indicates substantial roles that mesoscale convective systems play in the TP’s precipitation as well as an association between soil moisture anomalies in the TP and the Indian monsoon. Moreover, an increase in geohazard events has been associated with recent environmental changes, some of which have had catastrophic consequences caused by glacial lake outbursts and landslides. Active debris flows are growing in both frequency of occurrences and spatial scale. Meanwhile, new types of disasters, such as the twin ice avalanches in Ali in 2016, are now appearing in the region. Adaptation and mitigation measures should be taken to help societies’ preparation for future environmental challenges. Some key issues for future TP studies are also discussed.
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| 6. |
- Bogg, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Dramatic Increase of Cesarean Deliveries in the Midst of Health Reforms in Rural China
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 70:10, s. 1544-1549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cesarean delivery (CD) rates were until recently low in rural China where the population lacked healthinsurance. In July 2003 the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) was introduced. We report findingsfrom a health systems study carried out in the EC-funded project ‘‘Structural hinders to andpromoters of good maternal care in rural China’’ in central and western China. The purpose was toanalyze how CD rates changed with the increased level of funding of the NCMS.The research design was a natural experiment. Quantitative demographic, administrative and accountsdata for 2001–2007 were collected in five counties from the county public health bureaux, the countyNCMS offices, the county statistical offices and the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) hospitals, usinga structured data collection form. We found that the CD rates increased in four of the five counties in theperiod 2004–2007 by 36%, 53%, 61% and 131% respectively. In the fifth county the CD rate remained highat 60%. The revenue from CD made up 72–85% of total delivery fee revenue. CD fee revenue increased by97%, 239% and 408% in the three counties with available data; a higher increase than in general healthcare revenue. Our conclusion is that the design of NCMS, the provider payment systems, and therevenue-related bonus systems for doctors need to be studied to rein in the unhealthy increases in ruralCD rates.
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| 7. |
- Claussnitzer, Melina, et al.
(författare)
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Leveraging cross-species transcription factor binding site patterns: from diabetes risk Loci to disease mechanisms.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-4172 .- 0092-8674. ; 156:1-2, s. 343-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have revealed numerous risk loci associated with diverse diseases. However, identification of disease-causing variants within association loci remains a major challenge. Divergence in gene expression due to cis-regulatory variants in noncoding regions is central to disease susceptibility. We show that integrative computational analysis of phylogenetic conservation with a complexity assessment of co-occurring transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) can identify cis-regulatory variants and elucidate their mechanistic role in disease. Analysis of established type 2 diabetes risk loci revealed a striking clustering of distinct homeobox TFBS. We identified the PRRX1 homeobox factor as a repressor of PPARG2 expression in adipose cells and demonstrate its adverse effect on lipid metabolism and systemic insulin sensitivity, dependent on the rs4684847 risk allele that triggers PRRX1 binding. Thus, cross-species conservation analysis at the level of co-occurring TFBS provides a valuable contribution to the translation of genetic association signals to disease-related molecular mechanisms.
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| 8. |
- Fachrizal, Reza, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Urban-scale energy matching optimization with smart EV charging and V2G in a net-zero energy city powered by wind and solar energy
- 2024
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Ingår i: eTransporation. - : Elsevier. - 2590-1168. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs) are two promising technologies that are widely recognized as key components for achieving sustainable cities. However, intermittent RES generation and increased peak load due to EV charging can pose technical challenges for the power systems. Many studies have shown that improved load matching through energy system optimization can minimize these challenges. This paper assesses the optimal urban-scale energy matching potentials in a net-zero energy city powered by wind and solar energy, considering three EV charging scenarios: opportunistic charging, smart charging, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G). This paper takes a city on the west coast of Sweden as a case study. The smart charging and V2G schemes in this study aim to minimize the mismatch between generation and load and are formulated as quadratic programming problems. Results show that the optimal load matching performance is achieved in a net-zero energy city with the V2G scheme and a wind-PV electricity production share of 70:30. The load matching performance is increased from 68% in the opportunistic charging scenario to 73% in the smart charging scenario and to 84% in the V2G scenario. It is also shown that a 2.4 GWh EV battery participating in the V2G scheme equals 1.4 GWh stationary energy storage in improving urban-scale load matching performance. The findings in this paper indicate a high potential from EV flexibility in improving urban energy system performance.
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| 9. |
- Gao, Yun, et al.
(författare)
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Region separation type bio-photoelectrode based all-solid-state self-powered aptasensor for ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 detection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are two highly toxic and naturally coexistence mycotoxins, which have posed a serious threat to food safety. The coexistence of these two mycotoxins can produce significant synergistic effects, so it is necessary to establish an effective analytical method. In this work, a dual biophotoelectrode based all-solid-state multiplexed self-powered aptasensor was realized for high-throughput analysis of OTA and AFB1. There was a large Fermi level difference between photoanode and photocathode, which ensured the light assisted self-driving of the system. Due to the regional immobilization of aptamers, it could save the dosage of recognition elements, reduce the preparation cost and simplify the operation procedure. Meanwhile, construction strategy of spatial separation could effectively eliminate the overlapping signals and cross interference between targets, achieving the results more accurate and the calculation more convenient. The constructed aptasensor realized OTA and AFB1 detection in corn samples with practicality, good stability, antiinterference ability and repeatability. Therefore, this work not only achieved the high-throughput analysis of mycotoxins, but also provided a new perspective for the construction of all-solid-state multiplexed self-powered sensor.
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| 10. |
- He, Yafang, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomic Changes Upon Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation and Predictions of Body Composition Responsiveness
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 107:9, s. 2606-2615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may optimize body composition, yet mechanisms underlining its benefits are not clear in humans. Objective We aimed to reveal the CLA-induced changes in the plasma metabolome associated with body composition improvement and the predictive performance of baseline metabolome on intervention responsiveness. Methods Plasma metabolome from overnight fasted samples at pre- and post-intervention of 65 participants in a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial (3.2 g/day CLA vs 3.2 g/day sunflower oil) were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. Mixed linear model and machine learning were applied to assess differential metabolites between treatments, and to identify optimal panel (based on baseline conventional variables vs metabolites) predicting responders of CLA-derived body composition improvement (increased muscle variables or decreased adiposity variables) based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results Compared with placebo, CLA altered 57 metabolites (P
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