| 1. |
- Forssén, Jens, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Toolbox from the EC FP7 HOSANNA project for the reduction of road and rail traffic noise in the outdoor environment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transport Research Arena 2014, Paris, France. ; , s. 10-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper offers a brief overview of innovative methods for road and rail traffic noise reduction between sourceand receiver. These include using new barrier designs, planting of trees, treatments of ground and road surfacesand greening of building façades and roofs using natural materials, like vegetation, soil and other substrates incombination with recycled materials and artificial elements. The abatements are assessed in terms of numericallypredicted sound level reductions, perceptual effects and cost–benefit analysis. Useful reductions of noise fromurban roads and tramways are predicted for 1-m-high urban noise barriers and these are increased by addinginter-lane barriers. A 3 m wide 0.3 m high lattice ground treatment, a carefully planted 15-m-wide tree belt andreplacing 50 m of paved areas by grassland are predicted to give similar reductions. Tree belts are shown to bevery cost-effective and combining tall barriers with a row of trees reduces the negative impact of wind. Greenroofs may significantly reduce the noise at the quiet side of buildings.
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| 2. |
- Forssén, Jens, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Åtgärder i utomhusmiljön för att minska buller från väg- och tågtrafik – resultat från EU-projektet HOSANNA
- 2013
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Ingår i: LjudBladet, Svenska akustiska sällskapet. - 1403-2317. ; 3, s. 16-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna artikel ger en kort översikt av bulleråtgärder, resulterande från EU-projektet HOSANNA, för minskning av buller från väg- och spårtrafik under ljudets utbredning. Dessa verktyg inkluderar användning av ny skärmdesign, plantering av träd, förbättringar av mark- och vägytor samt vegetation på byggnadsfasader och tak, med hjälp av naturmaterial, såsom vegetation, jord och andra substrat i kombination med återvunnet material och artificiella element. De akustiska insättningsdämpningarna bedöms genom numeriska beräkningar, perceptuella effekter och kostnadsnyttoanalys. En betydande minskning av buller från väg- och spårtrafik förutsägs för ett 1-m-högt urbant bullerskydd. Detta kan förbättras, upp till ca 10 dB insättningsdämpning, genom att placera ytterligare skydd mellan körfälten. Ett 3 m brett och 0,3 m högt rutnät, ett omsorgsfullt planterat 15 m brett trädbälte samt att ersätta 50 meter asfalterad mark med gräsmark förutspås ge bullerminskningar om 5–8 dB, medan användning av fasadvegetation och gröna tak kan minska nivån på innergårdar med upp till ca 4 respektive 7 dB. Trädbälten visar sig vara mycket kostnadseffektiva och kombinationer av höga skärmar med en rad av träd minskar de negativa effekterna av vind på bullerskärmars insättningsdämpning. Gröna tak kan minska bullret på den tysta sidan av byggnader.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Mats E., et al.
(författare)
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A soundwalk study on the relationship between soundscape and overall quality of urban outdoor places
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131(4). - Hong Kong : The Hong Kong Institute of Acoustics (HKIOA). - 0001-4966.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a field study we explored the relationship between the soundscape and the overall quality (good - bad) of outdoor open places. Thirty three residents in down town Stockholm participated in soundwalks near their homes. Along the soundwalk route the participants assessed six places with respect to the soundscape the visual environment and the overall quality of the place using a questionnaire. The six locations were preselected to vary in acoustic and visual quality. A regression model with pleasantness of the auditory and visual environment as predictors explained a substantial part of the variance in assessments of the six place's overall quality. To disentangle the specific effects of auditory and visual aspects the present study will be complemented with laboratory experiments in which visual and auditory aspects are independently manipulated.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Mats E., et al.
(författare)
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Auditory masking of wanted and unwanted sounds in a city park
- 2010
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Ingår i: Noise Control Engineering Journal. - : Institute of Noise Control Engineering (INCE). - 0736-2501 .- 2168-8710. ; 58:5, s. 524-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Auditory masking of unwanted sounds by wanted sounds has been suggested as a tool for outdoor acoustic design. Anecdotal evidence exists for successful applications, for instance the use of fountain sounds for masking road traffic noise in urban parks. However, basic research on auditory masking of environmental sounds is lacking. Therefore, we conducted two listening experiments, using binaural recordings from a city park in Stockholm exposed to traffic noise from a main road and sound from a large fountain located in the center of the park. In the first experiment, 17 listeners assessed the loudness of the road traffic noise and fountain sounds from recordings at various distances from the road, with or without the fountain turned on. In the second experiment, 16 listeners assessed the loudness of systematic combinations of a singular fountain sound and a singular road traffic noise. The results of the first experiment showed that the fountain sound reduced the loudness of road traffic noise close to the fountain, and that the fountain sound was equally loud or louder than the road traffic noise in a region 20-30 m around the fountain. This suggests that the fountain added to the quality of the city park soundscape by reducing the loudness of the (presumably unwanted) traffic noise. On the other hand, results from the second experiment showed that road traffic noise was harder to mask than fountain sound, and that the partial loudness of both sources was considerably less than expected from a model of energetic masking. This indicates that auditory processes, possibly related to target-masker confusion, may reduce the overall masking effect of environmental sounds.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Mats E., et al.
(författare)
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Perceptual effects of noise mitigation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Methods for Transport Noise Reduction. - : CRC Press. - 9780415675239 ; , s. 195-219
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noise mitigation reduces the audibility of a noise source at the location of the receiver, making the source less annoying and less likely to interfere with activities, such as sleep, rest, and speech. Many mitigation methods change temporal and spectral properties of noise, which may influence perceived annoyance, over and above the effect related to the overall reduction in A-weighted sound pressure level. Noise reduction also may increase the noticeability of other sources, which may influence the perception of the overall acoustic environment. Finally, well-designed noise mitigation solutions may improve the visual environment, e.g., a vegetated noise barrier or earth berm can visually shield the traffic and increase the amount of visible greenery. This chapter provides examples of such perceptual effects of noise mitigation, from effects on perception of the noise itself, via effects on the soundscape, to potential effects on the overall audio-visual environment.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Mats E., et al.
(författare)
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Perceptual evaluation of a real time auralization tool
- 2009
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Ingår i: Euronoise 2009. - Edinburgh : Institute of Acoustics.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper illustrates the use of psychoacoustic methods and multivariate statistics for perceptual evaluation of auralizations. In four experiments, listeners assessed binaural recordings and auralizations of the same sound sources, using a newly developed tool for real time auralization of room acoustics. The recorded signals were music and speech reproduced by a loudspeaker in a classroom and an auditorium. Listeners assessed (a) perceived realism of recorded versus auralized sounds, (b) perceived similarity of pair wise presented sounds, (c) perceived intelligibility of spoken words, and (d) a set of perceptual attributes of sounds, using eight semantic differential scales. The results showed that listeners could discriminate between recorded and auralized sounds, although they were perceived as equally realistic. Analysis showed that auralized sounds were perceived as less full and more metallic than recorded sounds, and auralized speech were easier to catch (hear, understand) than the recorded speech. The next step of this ongoing research is to conduct psychoacoustic analysis in order to identify acoustic differences between recorded and auralized sounds that may explain their perceptual differences.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Mats E., et al.
(författare)
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Perceptual validation of auralized road traffic noise
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Inter-Noise 2011. - Osaka, Japan : The Institute of Noise Control Engineering of Japan and the Acoustical Society of Japan. ; 4, s. 3453-3460
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Auralization of road-traffic noise may be a useful tool for city planning, for instance as a support to decisions regarding noise mitigation. However, to be useful, the auralizations need to be perceptually valid. That is, the auralized sounds should be perceptually indistinguishable from real sounds or, at least, similar with respect to perceptual factors crucial for correct decisions. For this reason, the auralization methodology developed in the Swedish LISTEN-project was perceptually evaluated. In four listening experiments, listeners assessed recordings and auralizations of the same car passages. Although real and auralized sounds were not completely indistinguishable, perfect discrimination was not possible. Moreover, good agreements between auralized and real sounds were found for perceived similarity, perceived annoyance and perceived speed. The results illustrate the usefulness of psychoacoustic methods and multivariate statistics for perceptual evaluation of auralizations and provide support for the validity of the LISTEN-approach to auralization.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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NOVEL SOLUTIONS FOR QUIETER AND GREENER CITIES
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This brochure summarizes the main findings of the research project “HOlistic and Sustainable Abatement of Noise by optimized combinations of Natural and Artificial means” (HOSANNA). The project aimed to develop a toolbox for reducing road and rail traffic noise in outdoor environments by the optimal use of vegetation, soil, other natural materials and recycled materials in combination with artificial elements.
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| 9. |
- Rådsten-Ekman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Case-study evaluation of a low and vegetated noise barrier in an urban public space
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Inter-Noise 2011. - Osaka, Japan: : The Institute of Noise Control Engineering of Japan and the Acoustical Society of Japan.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To improve the sound environment along a popular esplanade in Lyon, France, a 1 m high vegetated noise barrier was erected to protect against noise from an adjacent road. The barrier was made of a metallic structure, filled with a substrate on which 40 plants per square meter were grown on both sides. The effect of the barrier was evaluated by acoustic measurements conducted before and after the barrier was erected, as well as, by a questionnaire study in which pedestrians were asked to assess the sound environment both behind and at the side of the barrier. The barrier reduced the sound pressure level from about 67 to 62 dB (LAeq), at sitting height (1.2 m), 3.5 m from the roadside. Questionnaires responses (n = 349) from the same location showed that the barrier reduced road-traffic noise annoyance, and increased the overall quality of the sound environment by making it slightly calmer and slightly more pleasant. However, these effects were fairly small and the sound environment was still perceived as annoying by most of the respondents. Overall, the result thus suggested that the barrier made the sound environment better but not good. Further work will include detailed psychoacoustic analysis of the questionnaire data, as well as listening experiments using binaural recordings from the site.
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| 10. |
- Rådsten-Ekman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Sounds from Water on Perception of Acoustic Environments Dominated by Road-Traffic Noise
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Acoustica united with Acustica. - 1610-1928 .- 1861-9959. ; 99:2, s. 218-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a complement to conventional noise mitigation, addition of wanted sounds, in particular sounds from water structures, has been suggested as a method for improving noise-polluted acoustic environments. The effect of adding water sounds to road-traffic noise was explored in a listening experiment with 31 listeners. Recordings of road-traffic noise were combined with recordings of waters sounds of varying pleasantness, and the listeners assessed the sounds on eight adjective scales, representing the perceptual dimensions Pleasantness and Eventfulness. The results showed that overall pleasantness increased when a highly pleasant water sound was added to the road-traffic noise. For less pleasant water sounds, no effect, or a decrease in pleasantness, was found. In addition, pleasant water sounds increased perceived eventfulness.
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