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- Rönner, Anna-Clara, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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“Bacteria are not viruses; viruses are more malicious” - young pupils’ understanding of bacteria and viruses in the aftermath of COVID-19
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0021-9266 .- 2157-6009.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted immensely on individuals and societies around the world. This study aimed at delineating Swedish middle school (10?12-year-old) pupils? understanding of bacteria and viruses, thereby illustrating the influence of the pandemic at schools and in society. Data was collected by semi-structured, individual interviews and by asking pupils to draw images. Thematic coding of interview transcripts and content analysis of pupils? annotated drawings were used. The morphology of microorganisms from the drawings was often 'corona-like', with a round shape and with protruding parts. Viruses were commonly considered larger than bacteria, but sometimes also similar in size. Interrelationships between bacteria and viruses were expressed with a superior microorganism. Pupils drew microorganisms as cell-like and never portrayed them as animals or with anthropomorphic features. Viruses were considered to cause a more severe disease than bacteria. Pupils seldomly tethered a specific virus to a specific infectious disease, and often named both (virus and disease) 'corona'. However, when they did make a connection, viruses were considered to cause flu and COVID-19, bacteria to cause cold and plague. In general, these results indicate that viruses received a more pronounced position amongst microorganisms in the minds of pupils in the aftermath of COVID-19.
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| 2. |
- Rönner, Anna-Clara, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Middle school pupils’ understanding of bacteria and virus in the aftermath of Covid-19
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tepe 2023. ; , s. 20-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past couple of years, the COVID-19 pandemic had an immense impact on lives of individuals and societies around the world. The main purpose of this study was to delineate Swedish middle school (10-12-year-old) pupils’ understanding of bacteria and virus thereby illustrating the impact of the pandemic at schools and in society. Data were collected by semistructured, individual interviews and by asking participants to draw images of bacteria and virus. Thematic coding and content analysis of children’s annotated drawings were used. The morphology of the microorganisms from the drawings was analyzed by the deductively induced themes shape, surface texture and internal feature. Viruses were frequently considered larger than bacteria, but it was also common to view them being similar in size. Interrelationships between bacteria and viruses were expressed like a hierarchy with a “superior” microorganism, and as bacteria could generate viruses. Pupils drew microorganisms as cell-like and never portrayed them as animals or with anthropomorphic features, as reported in earlier research. Metaphoric aspects of drawings of viruses were summarized as being “bacteriophage-like” or “corona-like”. A virus was considered to induce the more grievous disease. Pupils seldomly tethered a specific virus to a specific infectious disease, and often named both "corona". However, when they did so, virus was tethered to flu and COVID-19 and bacteria to cold and plague. One ostensible suggestion for learning improvement would be to pay more attention to differences between microorganisms and their liaison to specific infectious diseases. This liaison is suggested as an important concept for developing contagion literacy. Furthermore, we recommend pathogenic bacteria and viruses to be explicitly taught in biology education at middle school or earlier in balance with knowledge about essential microorganisms. Finally, we propose the measures above to be integrated into the biology education of teacher´s education.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Rönner, Anna-Clara, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Adhesion of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to DACC-coated dressings
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Wound Care. - : Mark Allen Group. - 0969-0700 .- 2052-2916. ; 23:10, s. 484-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to demonstrate the binding capacity of multiple meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains and compare the binding capacity to meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Method: The binding of Staphylococcus aureus to a surface was assessed by bioluminescent monitoring of the bacterial ATP levels. This assay can be used as an in vitro diagnostic model for bacteria binding in a critically colonised wound. Results: Eleven strains of Staphylococcus aureus were examined including MRSA, all of which efficiently and equally adhered to the dialkyl carbamoyl chloride (DACC)-coated dressing (Sorbact; Abigo Medical AB). The binding capacity was all in the same range 0.7-2.9x10(6) CFU/cm(2). regardless of the antibiotic resistance properties of the specific strain. Conclusion: The decrease of wound bioburden of Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA is the result of the high binding capacity shown in this study and by earlier data. The findings in this study strengthen the held view that development of antibiotic resistance has minimal impact on the surface structures of the microorganisms in wounds.
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| 5. |
- Rönner, Anna-Clara, 1971
(författare)
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Characterization of Camplyobacter jejuni and C. coli from Swedish patients and chickens - antibiotic resistance, genomic diversity and detection
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Campylobacter jejuni is a Gram-negative, non-spore forming bacterium, which is currently the most common pathogen causing reported cases of food poisoning in Sweden, as well as in most other industrialized countries. Eating or drinking something containing these bacteria is often determined to be the source of infection and as few as 500 bacteria can be enough to cause illness. The cases are often sporadic and hard to trace. Chicken is a well-documented source for Campylobacter infections in humans, and the birds do not get sick by colonization of these bacteria. The focus of the thesis was on the characterization of C. jejuni and C. coli from Swedish patients and chickens and to evaluate antibiotic resistance, genomic diversity, and to facilitate detection in food. The frequency of antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni/C. coli, in patients with campylobacteriosis, from 1996-2005, to the most commonly used antibiotics for treatment of Campylobacter infection in Sweden was studied. The antibiotic resistance among isolates from Swedish chickens at slaughter was also evaluated. Furthermore, the relatedness between strains originating from chickens and humans in Sweden was determined, and a comparison was made with strains originating from other parts of the world. Finally, a method was developed to find C. jejuni on chicken carcasses faster and more specifically. Resistance to norfloxacin increased (7 to 30 %), among the strains tested from patients acquiring the infection in Sweden. Among domestic isolates, the resistance to tetracycline varied between 4 % and 13 % during the decade analysed. The antibiotic resistance to erythromycin was consistently low among the domestic isolates tested (up to 4 %). It was concluded that antibiotic resistance among C. jejuni/coli strains is relatively uncommon in humans infected in Sweden (numbers in % earlier mentioned), as well as in Swedish chicken (only 3 %) for the most commonly used antibiotics for human treatment. Erythromycin was concluded to remain as the current drug of choice for the treatment of most patients infected abroad with C. jejuni/coli, since resistance to this drug was uncommon among all tested isolates. It was further concluded that a large increase in antibiotic resistance has developed for the quinolones (norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin) among domestic human C. jejuni/coli strains. A map of the antibiotic resistance over the time period of this study showed an ongoing emergence of resistance worldwide to norfloxacin for C. jejuni/coli. When PCR/REA was used, 100 % of the human Campylobacter strains and 98 % of the chicken isolates were identified as C. jejuni. Five percent of the human domestic isolates and 10 % of the chicken isolates were falsely negative by hippurate, using the PCR/REA assay as a reference. C. jejuni was observed to be a diverse taxon, based on PFGE profiling and cluster analysis. Over 50 % of the clones from Swedish patients and healthy Swedish chickens were not similar with respect to PFGE groups, which suggests that human infections can occur from sources other than chickens. Only 33 % of domestic isolates from human infection and Swedish chicken strains belonged to the same PFGE groups, indicating that other sources than chicken can be of importance for human campylobacteriosis. More isolates are needed to prove this indication. Similarities were observed between Swedish and Thai strains, suggesting global contamination pathways. In the quantification study, the number of bacteria on contaminated chicken meat was concluded to vary and that easily performed quantification methods, real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR) and plate counting on selective media, with a highly standardized procedure, has the potential to sort out highly-contaminated meat (for direct heat treatment) from less- or non-contaminated meat. The results from the q-PCR was somewhat more stable than results from plate counting, indicating that small differences in the shape of the bacteria can influence the results when working with living bacteria grown on plates.
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| 6. |
- Rönner, Anna-Clara, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic profiling of Campylobacter jejuni strains from humans infected in Sweden or in Thailand, and from healthy Swedish chickens, studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 37:8, s. 579-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major objective of the study was to explore the genomic diversity between Campylobacter jejuni (C.jejuni) from different sources as a tool for epidemiological considerations. Subtyping was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the enzyme used for cleavage was SmaI. Isolates originated from humans infected in Sweden (n=49) and Thailand (n=32) and from healthy Swedish chickens (n=51). Eight PFGE groups were formed in a dendrogram and 48% of the isolates belonged to 1 of these groups. In 2 PFGE groups, strains from humans infected in both Sweden and Thailand were represented. Four of the PFGE groups comprised high frequencies of strains from domestic human infection, as well as from healthy chickens. The PFGE pattern was also compared with the antibiotic resistance pattern in all the above-mentioned isolates. In conclusion, C.jejuni was a diverse group based on PFGE genotyping; about 24% of the clones from Swedish patients and healthy Swedish chickens were similar; and there was no correlation between the antibiotic resistance pattern and the PFGE profiling among the studied strains. Our findings are also in accordance with our hypothesis that there may be similarities between Swedish and Thai strains, which might support a theory of globally occurring C.jejuni.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Rönner, Anna-Clara, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Species identification by genotyping and determination of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from humans and chickens in Sweden.
- 2004
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Ingår i: International journal of food microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 96:2, s. 173-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Campylobacter is today the most common cause of human bacterial enteritis in Sweden, as well as in most other industrialized countries. Common sources of infection are undercooked chicken meat, unpasteurized milk and contaminated drinking water. One aim with our present study was to identify the species Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from humans and chickens using a polymerase chain reaction/restriction enzyme analysis (PCR/REA) method, as well as traditional hippurate hydrolysis test. Another aim was to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of the human domestic C. jejuni/C. coli isolates from infected patients and isolates from healthy Swedish chicken, as well as isolates from humans infected abroad. If discrimination between C. jejuni and C. coli was based on testing for hippurate hydrolysis, 95% of the human domestic strains and 88% of the chicken strains were identified as C. jejuni. Based on genotyping by PCR/REA, 100% of the human domestic strains and 98% of the chicken strains were attributed to C. jejuni. The E-test and disc diffusion methods were used for phenotypic antibiotic resistance studies. The two methods gave similar results. Most Swedish C. jejuni/C. coli isolates both from humans and chickens were sensitive to doxycycline and erythromycin, which are antibiotics used to treat human infection. Only 7% of the human domestic strains and 2% of the chicken strains were resistant to the quinolones tested. As a comparison, more than 94% of strains isolated from travelers to Asia and southern Europe showed antibiotic resistance to one or more drugs.
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| 9. |
- Rönner, Anna-Clara, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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The hygienic effectiveness of 2 different skin cleansing procedures.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society / WOCN. - 1528-3976. ; 37:3, s. 260-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was designed to assess the ability of 2 skin cleaning procedures to remove transient microbial flora from the skin.
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