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- North, R. L., et al.
(författare)
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The state of Lake Simcoe (Ontario, Canada) : the effects of multiple stressors on phosphorus and oxygen dynamics
- 2013
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Ingår i: Inland Waters. - 2044-2041 .- 2044-205X. ; 3:1, s. 51-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lake Simcoe, the largest lake in southern Ontario outside of the Laurentian Great Lakes, is affected by numerous stressors including eutrophication resulting from total phosphorus (TP) loading, climate change, and invasions of exotic species. We synthesized the long-term responses of Lake Simcoe to these stressors by assessing trends in water quality and biological composition over multiple trophic levels. Evidence for climate change included increasing thermal stability of the lake and changes in subfossil diatom communities over time. Although the deep water dissolved oxygen (O-2) minimum has increased significantly since TP load reductions, it is still below estimated historical values and the Lake Simcoe Protection Plan end-of-summer target level of 7 mg O-2 L-1. Low deep water O-2 concentrations corresponded with a decline in coldwater fish abundance. Since 1980, some nutrient concentrations have decreased (spring TP) while others have increased (silica), but many show no obvious changes (ice-free TP, nitrate, ammonium). Increases in water clarity, combined with declines in chlorophyll a and phytoplankton biovolumes in Cook's Bay, were temporally consistent with declines in TP loading and the lake-wide establishment of dreissenid mussels as a major component of the Lake Simcoe ecosystem. Using an investigative tool, we identified 2 periods when abrupt shifts potentially occurred in multiple parameters: 1986 and 1995-1997. Additional ecosystem level changes such as declines in zooplankton, declines in offshore benthic invertebrate abundance, and increased nearshore invertebrate abundance likely reflect the effects of invasive species. The interaction of these multiple stressors have significantly altered the Lake Simcoe ecosystem.
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| 3. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Adiels, Martin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Niacin action in the atherogenic mixed dyslipidemia of metabolic syndrome: Insights from metabolic biomarker profiling and network analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Lipidology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-2874. ; 12:3, s. 810-821
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Niacin as an adjunct to statin treatment to reduce cardiovascular risk is questioned. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate interrelationships between the effects of niacin on mixed dyslipidemia and a spectrum of metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS: Obese, nondiabetic, hypertriglyceridemic males (n = 19) with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels received extended-release nicotinic acid for 8 weeks. Multiple biomarkers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enzymatic/absorptiometric, or multiplex biochip assays. Treatment effects were determined for each variable and a differential correlation network created on the basis of univariate correlations between baseline and response to niacin treatment for all pairs of variables. RESULTS: Extended-release niacin treatment favoured normalization of plasma lipid and apolipoprotein profile. Plasma markers of inflammation, hepatic function, cellular adhesion and proliferation, and macrophage phenotype were attenuated; however, insulin resistance increased. Differential network analysis revealed that changes in triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were closely linked; equally, niacin mediated reductions in total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) clustered together, as did homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, insulin, and interleukin-6 levels. Two clusters of inflammatory markers were identified, involving (1) intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein and (2) soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors; and novel clusters involving matrix metallopeptidase 9 and apolipoprotein E, and adiponectin and cystatin C, respectively, were equally revealed. At lower stringency, lipid and insulin resistance clusters were linked; a C-reactive protein-centered cluster linked reduction in apolipoprotein Cu to intercellular adhesion molecule 1, gamma-glutamyltransferase, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors, and E-selectin. CONCLUSION: A niacin-mediated trend to normalize atherogenic mixed dyslipidemia was intimately linked to attenuation of biomarkers of inflammation, cell adhesion, hepatic dysfunction and cell proliferation, but to enhanced insulin resistance and plasma homocysteine elevation. (C) 2018 National Lipid Association. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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