| 1. |
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Overview of the JET results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 55:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 3. |
- Götz, S., et al.
(författare)
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Rapid extraction of short-lived isotopes from a buffer gas cell for use in gas-phase chemistry experiments, Part II : On-line studies with short-lived accelerator-produced radionuclides
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X. ; 507, s. 27-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel combination of advanced gas-chromatography and detection systems coupled to a buffer-gas cell was characterized on-line to allow gas-phase chemical studies of accelerator-produced short-lived α-decaying mercury, francium, and astatine isotopes. These were produced in 40Ar- and 48Ca-induced nuclear fusion–evaporation reactions, subsequently isolated in the recoil separators MARS at Texas A&M University, USA, and TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, Germany, before being thermalized in a buffer-gas-stopping cell. From the latter, the nuclear reaction products were extracted into gas-phase chromatographic systems, suitable for registering α-decaying short-lived radionuclides, such as isotopes of superheavy elements. Efficiencies of 21(3)% for 204-209Fr were reached for the extraction into the optimized miniCOMPACT gas-chromatography setup, indicating that this technique enables the identification of isotopes of volatile as well as non-volatile elements. These studies guide the path towards chemical investigations of superheavy elements beyond flerovium, which are out of reach with currently used setups.
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| 4. |
- Neerland, B. E., et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonists for the prevention of delirium and cognitive decline after open heart surgery (ALPHA2PREVENT): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Postoperative delirium is common in older cardiac surgery patients and associated with negative short-term and long-term outcomes. The alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine shows promise as prophylaxis and treatment for delirium in intensive care units (ICU) and postoperative settings. Clonidine has similar pharmacological properties and can be administered both parenterally and orally. We aim to study whether repurposing of clonidine can represent a novel treatment option for delirium, and the possible effects of dexmedetomidine and clonidine on long-term cognitive trajectories, motor activity patterns and biomarkers of neuronal injury, and whether these effects are associated with frailty status. Methods and analysis This five-centre, double-blind randomised controlled trial will include 900 cardiac surgery patients aged 70+ years. Participants will be randomised 1:1:1 to dexmedetomidine or clonidine or placebo. The study drug will be given as a continuous intravenous infusion from the start of cardiopulmonary bypass, at a rate of 0.4 mu g/kg/hour. The infusion rate will be decreased to 0.2 mu g/kg/hour postoperatively and be continued until discharge from the ICU or 24 hours postoperatively, whichever happens first. Primary end point is the 7-day cumulative incidence of postoperative delirium (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition). Secondary end points include the composite end point of coma, delirium or death, in addition to delirium severity and motor activity patterns, levels of circulating biomarkers of neuronal injury, cognitive function and frailty status 1 and 6 months after surgery. Ethics and dissemination This trial is approved by the Regional Committee for Ethics in Medical Research in Norway (South-East Norway) and by the Norwegian Medicines Agency. Dissemination plans include publication in peer-reviewed medical journals and presentation at scientific meetings.
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| 5. |
- Schwellnus, F., et al.
(författare)
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Study of low work function materials for hot cavity resonance ionization laser ion sources
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 267:10, s. 1856-1861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The selectivity of a hot cavity resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) is most often limited by contributions from competing surface ionization of the hot walls of the ionization cavity. In this article we present investigations on the properties of designated high temperature, low work function materials regarding their performance and suitability as cavity material for RILIS. Tungsten test cavities, impregnated with a mixture of barium oxide and strontium oxide (BaOSrO on W), or alternatively gadolinium hexaboride (GdB6) were studied in comparison to a standard tungsten RILIS cavity as being routinely used for hot cavity laser ionization at ISOLDE. Measurement campaigns took place at the off-line mass separators at ISOLDE/CERN, Geneva and RISIKO/University of Mainz.
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| 6. |
- Block, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Research of the NUSTAR departments : SHE departments and HIM SHE section
- 2020
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Ingår i: GSI-FAIR Scientific Report 2019 : An overview of the 2019 achievements in science and technology - An overview of the 2019 achievements in science and technology. ; , s. 53-59
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The SHE departments devoted to the research of superheavy elements, operate the recoil separators SHIP and TASCA and their ancillary installations including SHIPTRAP and a laser spectroscopy setup at SHIP as well as chemistry and nuclear spectroscopy setups at TASCA. In 2019, the activities at GSI focused on the UNILAC beamtime within the FAIR Phase-0 program and on the analysis of data obtained in prior beamtimes. At HIM, the advancement of actinide sample preparation, manipulation, and characterization for various applications was most central. In addition, technical developments, for example for single-ion mass measurements, have been performed.
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| 7. |
- Bärebring, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis to monitor changes in fat-free mass during recovery from colorectal cancer– a validation study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4577. ; 40, s. 201-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: Although previous research show high correlation between fat-free mass (FFM) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the validity of BIA to track longitudinal changes in FFM is uncertain. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate the ability of BIA to assess changes in FFM during 6 months of recovery from non-metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: A total of 136 women and men (50–80 years) with stage I-III CRC and a wide range of baseline FFM (35.7–73.5 kg) were included in the study. Body composition was measured at study baseline within 2–9 months of surgery and again 6 months later. Whole-body BIA FFM estimates (FFMBIA) were calculated using three different equations (manufacturer's, Schols' and Gray's) before comparison to FFM estimates obtained by DXA (FFMDXA). Results: Correlation between changes in FFMBIA and FFMDXA was intermediate regardless of equation (r ≈ 0.6). The difference in change of FFMBIA was significant compared to FFMDXA, using all three equations and BIA overestimated both loss and gain. However, BIA showed 100% sensitivity and about 90% specificity to identify individuals with ≥5% loss in FFM, using all three equations. Sensitivity of FFMBIA to detect a smaller loss of FFM (60–76%) or a gain in FFM of ≥5% (33–62%) was poor. Conclusion: In a well-nourished population of non-metastatic CRC patients, a single-frequency whole-body BIA device yielded imprecise data on changes in FFM, regardless of equation. BIA is thus not a valid option for quantifying changes in FFM in individuals. However, BIA could be used to identify patients with loss in FFM ≥5% in this population. The validity of BIA to monitor changes in FFM warrants further investigation before implementation in clinical praxis. © 2020 The Author(s)
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| 8. |
- Fostad, Ida G., et al.
(författare)
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Dry Eye Disease Patients with Xerostomia Report Higher Symptom Load and Have Poorer Meibum Expressibility
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 11:5, s. e0155214-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to investigate if xerostomia (dry mouth) is associated with symptoms and signs of dry eye disease (DED). At the Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, patients with symptomatic DED with different etiologies were consecutively included in the study. The patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological work-up and completed self-questionnaires on symptoms of ocular dryness (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI] and McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire) and the Sjogrens syndrome (SS) questionnaire (SSQ). Three hundred and eighteen patients (52% women and 48% men) with DED were included. Patient demographics were: 0 to 19 years (1%), 20 to 39 (25%), 40 to 59 (34%), 60 to 79 (35%) and 80 to 99 (5%). Xerostomia, defined as "daily symptoms of dry mouth the last three months" (as presented in SSQ) was reported by 23% of the patients. Female sex was more common among patients with xerostomia (81%) than among non-xerostomia patients (44%; Pamp;lt; 0.001). Patients with xerostomia (60 +/- 15 years) were older than those without xerostomia (51 +/- 17; Pamp;lt; 0.001). The use of prescription drugs was more prevalent among xerostomia patients (65%) than among non-xerostomia patients (35%; Pamp;lt; 0.021; adjusted for age and sex). Patients with xerostomia had a higher OSDI score (19.0 +/- 10.0) than those without xerostomia (12.9 +/- 8.0; Pamp;lt; 0.001). Moreover, xerostomia patients had more pathological meibum expressibility (0.9 +/- 0.7) than those without xerostomia (0.7 +/- 0.8; P = 0.046). Comparisons of OSDI and ocular signs were performed after controlling for the effects of sex, age and the number of systemic prescription drugs used. In conclusion, xerostomia patients demonstrated a higher DED symptom load and had poorer meibum expressibility than non-xerostomia patients.
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| 9. |
- Fostad, Ida G., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Objective Morphometric Markers of Xerostomia in the Oral Mucosa Epithelium with In Vivo Confocal Microscopy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Microscopy and Microanalysis. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1431-9276 .- 1435-8115. ; 23:1, s. 88-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this work was to determine whether the morphology of the oral mucosa epithelium (OME) of patients with xerostomia differ from patients without xerostomia. In total, 34 patients with dry eye disease (DED) with or without xerostomia were examined at The Norwegian Dry Eye Disease Clinic with in vivo confocal microscopy of the lower lip. In addition, age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were included. DED patients with xerostomia had a higher superficial to deep backscatter ratio compared with DED patients without xerostomia (p=0.002) and HC (p=0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated that this ratio was related to xerostomia independently of gender and age (pamp;lt;0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of detecting xerostomia were 0.78 and 0.85, respectively, when using a superficial to deep backscatter ratio cut-off value of 0.995 (p=0.004). The mean nucleus to cytosol backscatter ratio in the superficial OME was lower in patients with xerostomia than in those without xerostomia (p=0.034). In vivo confocal microscopy is a potential tool for evaluating the oral cavity and to assess changes in the OME associated with xerostomia, objectively and quantitatively. The cause of the increased backscatter in the superficial OME in xerostomia, however, remains to be elucidated.
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| 10. |
- Hov, K. R., et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal Fluid S100B and Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers in Hip Fracture Patients with Delirium
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. - : S. Karger AG. - 1664-5464. ; 7:3, s. 374-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) S100B astrocyte-derived protein and delirium and to perform stratified analyses according to clinical and CSF markers of dementia. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study in a university hospital setting. The participants were patients admitted for hip fracture (n = 98) or for elective surgery (n = 50). Delirium was assessed daily perioperatively in hip fracture patients using the Confusion Assessment Method. A consensus-based diagnosis of prefracture dementia was made using all available information. CSF was drawn at the onset of spinal anesthesia. S100B and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) concentrations were measured using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Results: In the hip fracture population (n = 98) there was no significant difference in CSF S100B concentrations between patients with ongoing preoperative (i.e., prevalent) delirium (n = 36, median [interquartile range] 1.11 mu g/L [0.91-1.29]) and patients who never developed delirium (n = 46, 1.08 mu g/L [0.92-1.28], p = 0.92). In patients without preoperative delirium, those who developed delirium postoperatively (i.e., incident delirium) (n = 16, 1.38 mu g/L [1.08-1.62]) had higher concentrations of S100B than the 46 who never did (p = 0.013). This difference was confined to patients with pathological concentrations of P-tau (= 60 ng/L, n = 38). We also found that P-tau and S100B were correlated in CSF in the elective surgery patients. Conclusions: CSF S100B was elevated in patients with incident delirium who also had pathological levels of the Alzheimer disease biomarker P-tau, suggesting vulnerability caused by a preexisting process of astrocytic activation and tau pathology. (c) 2017 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
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