| 1. |
- Perez-Nadales, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of mortality in solid organ transplant recipients with bloodstream infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales : The impact of cytomegalovirus disease and lymphopenia
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Transplantation. - : WILEY. - 1600-6135 .- 1600-6143. ; 20:6, s. 1629-1641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections in solid organ transplant recipients is challenging. The objective of this study was to develop a specific score to predict mortality in solid organ transplant recipients with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections. A multinational, retrospective (2004-2016) cohort study (INCREMENT-SOT, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02852902) was performed. The main outcome variable was 30-day all-cause mortality. The INCREMENT-SOT-CPE score was developed using logistic regression. The global cohort included 216 patients. The final logistic regression model included the following variables: INCREMENT-CPE mortality score >= 8 (8 points), no source control (3 points), inappropriate empirical therapy (2 points), cytomegalovirus disease (7 points), lymphopenia (4 points), and the interaction between INCREMENT-CPE score >= 8 and CMV disease (minus 7 points). This score showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-0.88) and classified patients into 3 strata: 0-7 (low mortality), 8-11 (high mortality), and 12-17 (very-high mortality). We performed a stratified analysis of the effect of monotherapy vs combination therapy among 165 patients who received appropriate therapy. Monotherapy was associated with higher mortality only in the very-high (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.82, 95% CI 1.13-7.06, P = .03) and high (HR 9.93, 95% CI 2.08-47.40, P = .004) mortality risk strata. A score-based algorithm is provided for therapy guidance.
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| 2. |
- Carli, F, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors (Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and Bisphenol A (BPA)) in Women from Different Residing Areas in Italy: Data from the LIFE PERSUADED Project
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 23:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are plasticizers used in many industrial products that can act as endocrine disruptors and lead to metabolic diseases. During the LIFE PERSUADED project, we measured the urinary concentrations of BPA and Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites in 900 Italian women representative of the Italian female adult population (living in the north, centre, and south of Italy in both rural and urban areas). The whole cohort was exposed to DEHP and BPA with measurable levels above limit of detection in more than 99% and 95% of the samples, respectively. The exposure patterns differed for the two chemicals in the three macro-areas with the highest urinary levels for DEHP in south compared to central and northern Italy and for BPA in northern compared to central and southern Italy. BPA levels were higher in women living in urban areas, whereas no difference between areas was observed for DEHP. The estimated daily intake of BPA was 0.11 μg/kg per day, about 36-fold below the current temporary tolerable daily intake of 4 μg/kg per day established by the EFSA in 2015. The analysis of cumulative exposure showed a positive correlation between DEHP and BPA. Further, the reduction of exposure to DEHP and BPA, through specific legislative measures, is necessary to limit the harmfulness of these substances.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Callegati, F., et al.
(författare)
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Research on Optical Core Networks in the e-Photon/ONe Network of Excellence
- 2006
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Ingår i: 25TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM 2006. ; , s. 2987-2991
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This papers reports the advances in optical core networks research coordinated in the framework of the e- photon/ONe and e-photon/ONe+ networks of excellence.
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| 5. |
- Grossmann, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into the accuracy of social scientists' forecasts of societal change
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 7, s. 484-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How well can social scientists predict societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? To answer these questions, we ran two forecasting tournaments testing the accuracy of predictions of societal change in domains commonly studied in the social sciences: ideological preferences, political polarization, life satisfaction, sentiment on social media, and gender-career and racial bias. After we provided them with historical trend data on the relevant domain, social scientists submitted pre-registered monthly forecasts for a year (Tournament 1; N = 86 teams and 359 forecasts), with an opportunity to update forecasts on the basis of new data six months later (Tournament 2; N = 120 teams and 546 forecasts). Benchmarking forecasting accuracy revealed that social scientists' forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models (historical means, random walks or linear regressions) or the aggregate forecasts of a sample from the general public (N = 802). However, scientists were more accurate if they had scientific expertise in a prediction domain, were interdisciplinary, used simpler models and based predictions on prior data. How accurate are social scientists in predicting societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? Grossmann et al. report the findings of two forecasting tournaments. Social scientists' forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models.
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| 6. |
- Raffaelli, C., et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Centralized Radio access networks in indoor areas
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509014675
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Centralized Radio Architecture (CRA) allows for the coordination of the physical layer functions of macro and small cells. Efficient techniques can be introduced based on the CRA concept, but deployment cost could potentially increase if CRA networks are not carefully designed. This paper proposes a number of design strategies aimed at cost minimization for CRA networks in residential areas based on heuristics which easily scale with the number of indoor antennas. A few different algorithms, which aim at reducing the overall amount of equipment to cover the area, are described and compared.
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| 7. |
- Raffaelli, C., et al.
(författare)
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Photonics in Switching in NoE e-Photon/One
- 2007
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Ingår i: ICTON 2007. ; , s. 167-170
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exploitation of photonic technology through application of switching principles and system concepts in switch implementation, i.e. photonics in switching, is a very challenging topic in the field of optical networking research. Many European research teams have been involved in high quality studies and trials in this field since several years and obtained funding opportunities for joining their expertise within the e-photon/One+ Network of Excellence. This talk aims at presenting how collaborations on photonics in switching research has been organized within e-Photon/One+ and which actions have been finalized for exploitation and dissemination of this knowledge in science and education. The paper will report a description of research contributions from different partners involved in photonics in switching research.
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| 8. |
- Rolt, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Scale effects on conventional and intercooled turbofan engine performance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Aeronautical Journal. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0001-9240 .- 2059-6464. ; 121:1242, s. 1162-1185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New commercial aero engines for 2050 are expected to have lower specific thrusts for reduced noise and improved propulsive efficiency, but meeting the ACARE Flightpath 2050 fuel-burn and emissions targets will also need radical design changes to improve core thermal efficiency. Intercooling, recuperation, inter-turbine combustion and added topping and bottoming cycles all have the potential to improve thermal efficiency. However, these new technologies tend to increase core specific power and reduce core mass flow, giving smaller and less efficient core components. Turbine cooling also gets more difficult as engine cores get smaller. The core-size-dependent performance penalties will become increasingly significant with the development of more aerodynamically efficient and lighter-weight aircraft having lower thrust requirements. In this study the effects of engine thrust and core size on performance are investigated for conventional and intercooled aeroengine cycles. Large intercooled engines could have 3%-4% SFC improvement relative to conventional cycle engines, while smaller engines may only realize half of this benefit. The study provides a foundation for investigations of more complex cycles in the EU Horizon 2020 ULTIMATE programme.
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| 9. |
- Tonini, F., et al.
(författare)
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Benefits of joint planning of small cells and fiber backhaul in 5G dense cellular networks
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2017. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781467389990
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Base station (BS) densification is increasingly adopted by mobile operators in order to support increasing traffic demand. However, a large number of BSs requires many backhaul connections, which may be very expensive. For this reason, provisioning high speed backhaul connections to BSs in a cost-effective way is challenging, and it is important to efficiently utilize an existing fixed network infrastructure if possible. This paper proposes two optimized infrastructure-aware planning strategies for small cells and fiber backhaul. The first strategy is referred to as joint design (JD) and is based on the joint cost minimization of small cells and fiber backhaul. The JD strategy is compared to a traditional design (TD) solution based on a two-step optimization approach. In the latter a cost-optimal small cells placement is identified first, then the corresponding minimum cost fiber backhaul deployment is determined accordingly. A comparison between these two approaches in dense 5G urban scenarios shows that the relative performance of JD and TD largely depends on the expected traffic demand and on the existing infrastructure. In dense urban areas with the average traffic levels expected for the year 2020 and beyond, JD returns up to 50% lower deployment cost in a greenfield scenario, and up to 70% lower deployment cost in a brownfield scenario. Only in areas with extremely high traffic demand (e.g., open-air festivals and stadiums) JD returns deployment costs very similar to TD.
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| 10. |
- Tonini, F., et al.
(författare)
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Minimum Cost Deployment of Radio and Transport Resources in Centralized Radio Architectures
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS (ICNC). - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781467385794
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The traffic in mobile access networks is increasing at an exponential rate, with the majority of this traffic being generated indoor. To cope with this trend, heterogeneous network (HetNet) architectures based on the centralized radio architecture (CRA) concept have been recently proposed. A CRA network is able to reach high wireless network performance by centralizing the radio physical layer functions of macro and small cells. On the other hand, a CRA network puts strict latency and capacity requirements on the transport segment, which usually comprises a mixture of fiber- and copper-based infrastructure. These strict constraints may translate into high deployment costs if not carefully addressed. This paper proposes an optimized deployment strategy for CRA networks in residential areas. The objective of the proposed strategy is to contain the total deployment cost by minimizing the number of wireless and transport resources required. We demonstrate that our deployment strategy allows for a significant reduction of the required amount of network components and the overall network cost compared to the existing deployment solutions.
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