| 1. |
- Andersson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Nya resistensgener för framtidens vete
- 2016
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det mest effektiva och miljövänliga alternativ som finns tillgängligt för att motverka skadegörare i odling är att använda resistensgener direkt i växten. Men det pågår en ständig kamp mellan skadegörarnas evolution som övervinner resistensen i växten och tillgängliga gener med resistent verkan. I detta projekt har vi därför undersökt ett vetematerial med inkorsade kromosomer från råg och strandråg. Resultaten visar hög förekomst av resistens för olika utvalda svampsjukdomar i det undersökta materialet och att resistensgenerna finns fördelade på många av de främmande kromosomerna. Slutsatsen från dessa undersökningar är att råg- och strandrågsmaterialet har en stor potential att tillföra nytt genetiskt material av resistensgener till veteförädlingen för att motverka många aggressiva svampsjukdomar.
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| 2. |
- Ashraf, Rimsha, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of a Small Translocation from 6R Possessing Stripe Rust Resistance to Wheat
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plant Disease. - 0191-2917 .- 1943-7692. ; 107, s. 720-729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn, is the most devastating fungal disease of bread wheat. Here, a wheat-rye multiple disomic substitution line, SLU126 4R (4D), 5R (5D), and 6R (7D), possessing resistance against 25 races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, was used and crossed with Chinese Spring ph1b to induce homeologous recombination to produce introgressions with a reduced rye chromosome segment. Seedling assays confirmed that the stripe rust resistance from SLU126 was retained over multiple generations. Through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) platforms and aligning the putative GBS-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) to the full-length annotated rye nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes in the parental lines (CS ph1b, SLU126, CSA, and SLU820), we identified the physical position of 26, 13, and 9 NLR genes on chromosomes 6R, 4R, and 5R, respectively. The physical positions of 25 NLR genes on chromosome 6R were identified from 568,460,437 bp to 879,958,268 bp in the 6RL chromosome segment. Based on these NLR positions on the 6RL chromosome segment, the three linked SNPs (868,123,650 to 873,285,112 bp) were validated through kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays in SLU126 and resistance plants in the family 29-N3-5. Using these KASP markers, we identified a small piece of the rye translocation (i.e., as a possible 6DS.6DL.6RL.6DL) containing the stripe resistance gene, temporary designated YrSLU, within the 6RL segment. This new stripe rust resistance gene provides an additional asset for wheat improvement to mitigate yield losses caused by stripe rust.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual reproduction contributes to genotypic variation in the population of Puccinia graminis in Tajikistan
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Plant Pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-1873 .- 1573-8469. ; 141, s. 159-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis, is a potential threat to wheat production in Central Asia. To investigate if sexual reproduction is important for the epidemiology of the disease, the population biology of the fungus was studied. Samples of P. graminis were collected from six wheat fields and from wild oats within two of the wheat fields during the growing season of 2010. The population structure of P. graminis was investigated by evaluating a total of 121 single uredinia collected from wheat and wild oats, using nine polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results presented in this study indicate that there is a selection process by the grass host, in particular wheat, that favours certain clones, which in turn affects the population structure of P. graminis in Tajikistan. The genotypic variation was large, both within and between the wheat fields and three populations were in linkage equilibrium, indicating that sexual reproduction within the P. graminis population takes place. This leads to the conclusion that the presence of Berberis spp. in Tajikistan has an important role in the population dynamics of P. graminis within the country, even if the fungus must reproduce primarily in a clonal manner during most of the year. Results also confirm that the two formae speciales, P. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. graminis f. sp. avenae, are genetically different even if they were collected in the same field.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Alien introgression to wheat for food security: functional and nutritional quality for novel products under climate change
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - 2296-861X. ; 11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crop yield and quality has increased globally during recent decades due to plant breeding, resulting in improved food security. However, climate change and shifts in human dietary habits and preferences display novel pressure on crop production to deliver enough quantity and quality to secure food for future generations. This review paper describes the current state-of-the-art and presents innovative approaches related to alien introgressions into wheat, focusing on aspects related to quality, functional characteristics, nutritional attributes, and development of novel food products. The benefits and opportunities that the novel and traditional plant breeding methods contribute to using alien germplasm in plant breeding are also discussed. In principle, gene introgressions from rye have been the most widely utilized alien gene source for wheat. Furthermore, the incorporation of novel resistance genes toward diseases and pests have been the most transferred type of genes into the wheat genome. The incorporation of novel resistance genes toward diseases and pests into the wheat genome is important in breeding for increased food security. Alien introgressions to wheat from e.g. rye and Aegilops spp. have also contributed to improved nutritional and functional quality. Recent studies have shown that introgressions to wheat of genes from chromosome 3 in rye have an impact on both yield, nutritional and functional quality, and quality stability during drought treatment, another character of high importance for food security under climate change scenarios. Additionally, the introgression of alien genes into wheat has the potential to improve the nutritional profiles of future food products, by contributing higher minerals levels or lower levels of anti-nutritional compounds into e.g., plant-based products substituting animal-based food alternatives. To conclude, the present review paper highlights great opportunities and shows a few examples of how food security and functional-nutritional quality in traditional and novel wheat products can be improved by the use of genes from alien sources, such as rye and other relatives to wheat. Novel and upcoming plant breeding methods such as genome-wide association studies, gene editing, genomic selection and speed breeding, have the potential to complement traditional technologies to keep pace with climate change and consumer eating habits.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse Wheat-Alien Introgression Lines as a Basis for Durable Resistance and Quality Characteristics in Bread Wheat
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheat productivity has been significantly improved worldwide through the incorporation of novel genes from various gene pools, not least from wild relatives of wheat, into the commonly cultivated bread and durum wheat. Here, we present and summarize results obtained from a diverse set of wheat-alien introgression lines with mainly introgressions of rye, but also ofLeymusspp. andThinopyrum junceiformeinto bread-wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). From this material, lines carrying 2RL were found with good agronomic performance and multiple resistance not least towards several races of powdery mildew. A novel resistance gene, one of few showing resistance towards all today identified stem rust races, designatedSr59, was also found originating from 2RL. Lines with multiple introgressions from 4R, 5R, and 6R were found resistant towards the majority of the stripe rust races known today. Due to lack of agricultural adaptation in these lines, transfer of useful genes into more adapted wheat material is a necessity, work which is also in progress through crosses with the CSph1bmutant, to be able to only transfer small chromosome segments that carry the target gene. Furthermore, resistance towards Russian wheat aphid was found in lines having a substitution of 1R (1D) and translocations of 3DL.3RS and 5AL.5RS. The rye chromosomes 1R, 2R, and 6R were found responsible for resistance towards the Syrian Hessian fly. High levels of especially zinc was found in several lines obtained from crosses withLeymus racemosusandLeymus mollis, while also some lines with 1R, 2R, or 5R showed increased levels of minerals and in particular of iron and zinc. Moreover, lines with 1R, 2R, 3R, andLeymusspp. introgressions were also found to have a combination of high iron and zinc and low cadmium concentrations. High variation was found both in grain protein concentration and gluten strength, measured as %UPP, within the lines, indicating large variation in bread-making quality. Thus, our study emphasizes the impact that wheat-alien introgression lines can contribute to current wheat lines and shows large opportunities both to improve production, resistance, and quality. To obtain such improvements, novel plant breeding tools, as discussed in this paper, opens unique opportunities, to transfer suitable genes into the modern and adapted wheat cultivars.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Marker-assisted selection for the improvement of cereals and pseudocereals
- 2023
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Ingår i: Developing Sustainable and Health Promoting Cereals and Pseudocereals : Conventional and Molecular Breeding. ; , s. 253-283
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selection of the most suitable plants or germplasm to produce high quantity and quality of food has been ongoing since the domestication of the crops started almost 10,000 years ago. However, recent genome-based tools have opened opportunities that we could only dream about just 10 years ago. From the low-throughput molecular marker methods first employed in plants on maize in the 1980s, through medium- to high-throughput system marker-assisted selection (MAS) have revolutionized the breeding of the major cereal crops, i.e. wheat, maize, and rice, which are the largest (in terms of production and acreage) crops in the world. For pseudocereals and minor cereals, MAS has been adopted but not to the same extent as for the major crops. The present chapter is reviewing the development of MAS methods and the current state of the art of these methods while used to improve cereals’ and pseudocereals’ yield, resistance/tolerance, and quality.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Use of genetic resources and prebreeding activities in order to improve nutritional and health-related properties of cereals and pseudocereals
- 2023
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Ingår i: Developing Sustainable and Health Promoting Cereals and Pseudocereals : Conventional and Molecular Breeding. - 9780323905664 ; , s. 5-24
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research activities for wheat quality improvement have been focused on the utilization of wheat germplasms in the last decade, including the old varieties and wild relatives as well as the obtainment and evaluation of new breeding lines. Several studies have been conducted on the environmental effects on quality, development of evaluation, and processing methods for end uses. These studies reveal the usefulness of ancient germplasms as genetic resources for cereal breeding and highlight that only a small part of the genetic variation present in wild relatives and traditional varieties has been utilized yet. The rapid evolution of new genotyping and phenotyping techniques and their decreasing costs should allow the exploitation of the hidden diversity for enhancing yield, quality, and adaptation for biotic and abiotic stresses in cereals.
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