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- D H, Fleisher, et al.
(författare)
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Yield Response of an Ensemble of Potato Crop Models to Elevated CO2 in Continental Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Agronomy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1161-0301. ; 126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multi-model inter-comparison study was conducted to evaluate the performance of ten potato crop models to accurately predict potato yield in response to elevated CO2 (Ce) when calibrated with ambient CO2 data (Ca). Experimental data from seven open-top chambers (OTC) and free-air CO2-enrichment (FACE) facilities across continental Europe were used. Model ensemble percent errors averaged over all datasets for simulated yields were 26.5 % for Ca and 27.2 % Ce data. Metrics such as Wilmott’s index of agreement (IA) and root mean square relative error (RMSRE) ranged broadly among individual models and locations, such that four of the ten models outperformed the median or mean of the ensemble for about half of the Ce datasets. These top performing models were representative of three different model structural groups, including radiation use efficiency, transpiration efficiency, or leaf-level based approaches. Relative response to an increase in CO2 was more accurately modeled than absolute yield responses when averaged across all locations, and within 3.3 kg ppm 1 (or 5%) of observed values. Specific targets in the model structure needed for improvement were not identified due to large and inconsistent variation in the accuracy of yield predictions across locations. However, models with the lowest calibration errors tended to be top performers for Ce predictions as well. Such results suggest calibration is at least as important as model structure. Where possible, modelers using potato models to estimate Ce responses should use Ce calibration data to improve confidence in such predictions.
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- Antunes, T. B. M., et al.
(författare)
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Heating stability, physical and chemical analysis of calcium silicate‐based endodontic sealers
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Endodontic Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0143-2885 .- 1365-2591. ; 54:7, s. 1175-1188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To evaluate possible modifications in root canal sealers subjected to a variety of heating conditions using vibrational spectroscopy and analysis of physical and chemical properties.Methodology: EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow, Bio-C Sealer, BioRoot RCS and AH Plus were analysed chemically using Raman spectroscopy (25–220 °C) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) (37–100 °C ). For FT-IR, the materials were tested individually and mixed with root dentine powder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to evaluate surface and chemical elements. ISO 6876-2012 and ASTM-C266-07 specifications were followed to evaluate flow, setting time (moist and dry), solubility and radiopacity. Also, pH analysis at 37 and 100 °C was performed. Shapiro–Wilk and Mixed ANOVA (within and between the effects of the subjects), Levene, and a post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction were performed (P < 0.05).Results: Vibrational spectroscopy revealed peaks of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate and zirconium dioxide. Chemical changes in the Raman spectra during heating were discrete, as the inorganic content predominated the signalling for all root canal sealers. FT-IR analysis exhibited spectral changes in water absorption for EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow and Bio-C Sealer, probably related to dehydration. For BioRoot RCS and AH Plus, no significant chemical changes were observed. Bio-C Sealer exhibited a band of polyethylene glycol only after heating to 100 °C, probably related to its thermal decomposition. SEM/EDS analysis corroborated the composition results observed in vibrational spectroscopy for all materials. Heating to 100 °C significantly changed the flowability of all calcium silicate-based sealers with a wide variation in setting times at both temperatures, along with solubility levels above ISO standards. For all tested sealers, radiopacity fulfilled the requirements, and pH exhibited alkaline values.Conclusions: The tested calcium silicate-based sealers were affected by heating. Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers had high solubility which is a concern for their clinical use. AH Plus was the only root canal sealer that was stable after heating.
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- Johnson, M.C., et al.
(författare)
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K2-260 b: A hot Jupiter transiting an F star, and K2-261 b: A warm Saturn around a bright G star
- 2018
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 481:1, s. 596-612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the discovery and confirmation of two new transiting giant planets from the Kepler extended mission K2. K2-260 b is a hot Jupiter transiting a V = 12.7 F6V star in K2 Field 13, with a mass and radius of M = 1.39-0.06+0.05M⊙and R = 1.69 ± 0.03 R. The planet has an orbital period of P = 2.627 d, and a mass and radius of MP= 1.42-0.32+0.31MJand RP= 1.552-0.057+0.048RJ. This is the first K2 hot Jupiter with a detected secondary eclipse in the Kepler bandpass, with a depth of 71 ± 15 ppm, which we use to estimate a geometric albedo of Ag~ 0.2. We also detected a candidate stellar companion at 0.6 arcsec from K2-260; we find that it is very likely physically associated with the system, in which case it would be an M5-6V star at a projected separation of ~400 au. K2-261 b is a warm Saturn transiting a bright (V = 10.5) G7IV/V star in K2 Field 14. The host star is a metal rich ([Fe/H] = 0.36 ± 0.06), mildly evolved 1.10-0.02+0.01M⊙star with R = 1.65 ± 0.04 R. Thanks to its location near the main-sequence turn-off, we can measure a relatively precise age of 8.8-0.3+0.4Gyr. The planet has P = 11.633 d, MP= 0.223 ± 0.031 MJ, and RP= 0.850-0.022+0.026RJ, and its orbit is eccentric (e = 0.39 ± 0.15). Its brightness and relatively large transit depth make this one of the best-known warm Saturns for follow-up observations to further characterize the planetary system.
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