| 1. |
- Ehsani, Johnathon P., et al.
(författare)
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Naturalistic Driving Studies: An Overview and International Perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Transportation: Volume 1-7. ; , s. 20-38
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturalistic driving studies (NDS) are a method in transportation research that is increasingly used to bridge the gap between epidemiological research (e.g., using population crash databases) and individual level or experimental research (e.g., self-reported surveys or driving simulators). This article begins with defining NDS and providing a brief overview of NDS methods, including the strengths, limits and the unique ethical issues involved in conducting NDS. Following this, five case studies from Australia, Canada, China, the European Union, and the United States are presented, along with a synthesis of the lessons they have learned. The article concludes with a discussion of what the future of NDS may look like.
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| 2. |
- Larue, Grégoire S., et al.
(författare)
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Is it safe to cross? Identification of trains and their approach speed at level crossings
- 2018
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 103, s. 33-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving the safety at passive rail crossings is an ongoing issue worldwide. These crossings have no active warning systems to assist drivers' decision-making and are completely reliant on the road user perceiving the approach of a train to decide whether to enter a crossing or not. This study aimed to better understand drivers' judgements regarding approaching trains and their perceptions of safe crossing. Thirty-six participants completed a field-based protocol that involved detecting and judging the speeds of fast moving trains. They were asked to report when they first detected an approaching train, when they could first perceive it as moving, as well as providing speed estimates and a decision regarding when it would not be safe to cross. Participants detected the trains similar to 2 km away and were able to perceive the trains as moving when they were 1.6 km away. Large differences were observed between participants but all could detect trains within the range of the longest sighting distances required at passive level crossings. Most participants greatly underestimated travelling speed by at least 30%, despite reporting high levels of confidence in their estimates. Further, most participants would have entered the crossing at a time when the lights would have been activated if the level crossing had been protected by flashing lights. These results suggest that the underestimation of high-speed trains could have significant safety implications for road users' crossing behaviour, particularly as it reduces the amount of time and the safety margins that the driver has to cross the rail crossing.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Rakotonirainy, Andry, et al.
(författare)
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Middleware for reactive components : an integrated use of context, roles, and event based coordination
- 2001
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Ingår i: Middleware 2001. - Berlin : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9783540428008 ; , s. 77-98
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proliferation of mobile devices and new software creates a need for computing environments that are able to react to environmental (context) changes. To date insufficient attention has been paid to the issues of defining an integrated component-based environment which is able to describe complex computational context and handle different types of adaptation for a variety of new and existing pervasive enterprise applications. In this paper a run-time environment for pervasive enterprise systems is proposed. The associated architecture uses a component based modelling paradigm, and is held together by an event-based mechanism which provides significant flexibility in dynamic system configuration and adaptation. The approach used to describe and manage context information captures descriptions of complex user, device and application context including enterprise roles and role policies. In addition, the coordination language used to coordinate components of the architecture that manage context, adaptation and policy provides the flexibility needed in pervasive computing applications supporting dynamic reconfiguration and a variety of communication paradigms
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