| 1. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
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Iran in transition
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 393:10184, s. 1984-2005
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being the second-largest country in the Middle East, Iran has a long history of civilisation during which several dynasties have been overthrown and established and health-related structures have been reorganised. Iran has had the replacement of traditional practices with modern medical treatments, emergence of multiple pioneer scientists and physicians with great contributions to the advancement of science, environmental and ecological changes in addition to large-scale natural disasters, epidemics of multiple communicable diseases, and the shift towards non-communicable diseases in recent decades. Given the lessons learnt from political instabilities in the past centuries and the approaches undertaken to overcome health challenges at the time, Iran has emerged as it is today. Iran is now a country with a population exceeding 80 million, mainly inhabiting urban regions, and has an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, malignancies, mental disorders, substance abuse, and road injuries.
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| 2. |
- Alvarez, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-2045. ; 23:1, s. 27-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Harirchi, Sharareh, et al.
(författare)
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Bacillales: From Taxonomy to Biotechnological and Industrial Perspectives
- 2022
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2607. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For a long time, the genus Bacillus has been known and considered among the most applicable genera in several fields. Recent taxonomical developments resulted in the identification of more species in Bacillus-related genera, particularly in the order Bacillales (earlier heterotypic synonym: Caryophanales), with potential application for biotechnological and industrial purposes such as biofuels, bioactive agents, biopolymers, and enzymes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the taxonomy, growth requirements and physiology, genomics, and metabolic pathways in the highly diverse bacterial order, Bacillales, will facilitate a more robust designing and sustainable production of strain lines relevant to a circular economy. This paper is focused principally on less-known genera and their potential in the order Bacillales for promising applications in the industry and addresses the taxonomical complexities of this order. Moreover, it emphasizes the biotechnological usage of some engineered strains of the order Bacillales. The elucidation of novel taxa, their metabolic pathways, and growth conditions would make it possible to drive industrial processes toward an upgraded functionality based on the microbial nature.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ohshiro, Kazufumi, et al.
(författare)
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Acetylation-dependent oncogenic activity of metastasis-associated protein 1 co-regulator.
- 2010
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Ingår i: EMBO reports. - : EMBO. - 1469-3178 .- 1469-221X. ; 11:9, s. 691-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High expression of metastasis-associated protein 1 co-regulator (MTA1), a component of the nuclear remodelling and histone deacetylase complex, has been associated with human tumours. However, the precise role of MTA1 in tumorigenesis remains unknown. In this study, we show that induced levels of MTA1 are sufficient to transform Rat1 fibroblasts and that the transforming potential of MTA1 is dependent on its acetylation at Lys626. Underlying mechanisms of MTA1-mediated transformation include activation of the Ras-Raf pathway by MTA1 but not by acetylation-inactive MTA1; this was due to the repression of Galphai2 transcription, which negatively influences Ras activation. We observed that acetylated MTA1-histone deacetylase (HDAC) interaction was required for the recruitment of the MTA1-HDAC complex to the Galphai2 regulatory element and consequently for the repression of Galphai2 transcription and expression leading to activation of the Ras-Raf pathway. The findings presented in this study provide for the first time--to the best of our knowledge--evidence of acetylation-dependent oncogenic activity of a cancer-relevant gene product.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Saman Azari, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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Fault diagnosis of an industrial once-through benson boiler by utilizing adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 6th Conference on Thermal Power Plants (CTPP). - : IEEE. - 9781509003723 ; , s. 32-37
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, the increasing request to have more electric power and the growing complexity of advanced thermal power systems, make it ever more important to improve the performance and reliability of the systems. Hence, an attention is concentrated on fault diagnosis systems to compensate the adverse effects automatically, under conditions of noisy measurement. In order to improve the proficiency of process monitoring and increase accuracy of fault diagnosis (FD) for the once-through Benson type boiler, this article proposed a data driven method based on the configuration of six adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). In the proposed structure, due to strong interaction between measurements each ANFIS classifier has been developed to diagnose one particular fault. Finally to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed FD system against 6 major faults of once-through Benson type boiler under conditions of noisy measurement, different set of test scenarios have been performed.
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| 9. |
- Saman Azari, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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Using One-Class Support Vector Machine for the Fault Diagnosis of an Industrial Once-Through Benson Boiler
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Modares Journal of Electrical Engineering. - : Tarbiat Modares University Press. - 2228-527X. ; 12:3, s. 39-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considering that once-through Benson boiler is one of the most crucial equipment of a thermal power plant, occurrence of any fault in its different parts can lead to decrease of the performance of system, and even may cause system damage and endanger the human life. In this paper, due to the high complexity of the system's dynamic equations, we utilized data-based method for diagnosing the faults of the once-through Benson boiler. In order to enhance the fault diagnose (FD) system proficiency and also due to strong interactions between measurements, we decided to utilize six one-class support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to diagnose six major faults of once-through Benson boiler. In the proposed structure, each One-class SVM algorithm has been developed to diagnose one special fault. Finally, we carry out diverse test scenarios in different states of fault occurrence to evaluate the performance of the proposed FD system against the six major faults of the once-through Benson Boiler under conditions of noisy measurement.
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| 10. |
- Song, Chaehwan, et al.
(författare)
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Subquadratic overparameterization for shallow neural networks
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advances in neural information processing systems (NeurIPS 2021). - : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781713845393 ; , s. 11247-11259
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overparameterization refers to the important phenomenon where the width of a neural network is chosen such that learning algorithms can provably attain zero loss in nonconvex training. The existing theory establishes such global convergence using various initialization strategies, training modifications, and width scalings. In particular, the state-of-the-art results require the width to scale quadratically with the number of training data under standard initialization strategies used in practice for best generalization performance. In contrast, the most recent results obtain linear scaling either with requiring initializations that lead to the “lazy-training”, or training only a single layer. In this work, we provide an analytical framework that allows us to adopt standard initialization strategies, possibly avoid lazy training, and train all layers simultaneously in basic shallow neural networks while attaining a desirable subquadratic scaling on the network width. We achieve the desiderata via Polyak-Łojasiewicz condition, smoothness, and standard assumptions on data, and use tools from random matrix theory.
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