| 1. |
- Gaspar Sánchez, José Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Edge computing for cyber-physical systems : A Systematic Mapping Study Emphasizing Trustworthiness
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 2378-962X .- 2378-9638. ; 6:3, s. 1-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Edge computing is projected to have profound implications in the coming decades, proposed to provide solutions for applications such as augmented reality, predictive functionalities, and collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). For such applications, edge computing addresses the new computational needs, as well as privacy, availability, and real-time constraints, by providing local high-performance computing capabilities to deal with the limitations and constraints of cloud and embedded systems. Edge computing is today driven by strong market forces stemming from IT/cloud, telecom, and networking - with corresponding multiple interpretations of ”edge computing” (e.g. device edge, network edge, distributed cloud, etc.). Considering the strong drivers for edge-computing and the relative novelty of the field, it becomes important to understand the specific requirements and characteristics of edge-based CPS, and to ensure that research is guided adequately, e.g. avoiding specific gaps.Our interests lie in the applications of edge computing as part of CPS, where several properties (or attributes) of trustworthiness, including safety, security, and predictability/availability are of particular concern, each facing challenges for the introduction of edge-based CPS. We present the results of a systematic mapping study, a kind of systematic literature survey, investigating the use of edge computing for CPS with a special emphasis on trustworthiness. The main contributions of this study are a detailed description of the current research efforts in edge-based CPS and the identification and discussion of trends and research gaps. The results show that the main body of research in edge-based CPS only to a very limited extent consider key attributes of system trustworthiness, despite many efforts referring to critical CPS and applications like intelligent transportation. More research and industrial efforts will be needed on aspects of trustworthiness of future edge-based CPS including their experimental evaluation. Such research needs to consider the multiple interrelated attributes of trustworthiness including safety, security, and predictability, and new methodologies and architectures to address them. It is further important to provide bridges and collaboration between edge computing and CPS disciplines.
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| 2. |
- Gavkalova, Nataliia, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Innovation Hubs and portfolio of their services across European economies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Oeconomia Copernicana. - : Instytut Badan Gospodarczych / Institute of Economic Research. - 2083-1277 .- 2353-1827. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research background: Digital ecosystems in Europe are heterogenous organizations involving different economies, industries, and contexts. Among them, Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) are considered a policy-driven organization fostered by the European Commission to push companies’ digital transition through a wide portfolio of supporting services.Purpose of the article: There are DIHs existing in all European economies, but literature needs more precise indications about their status and nature. The purpose is to study a distribution of DIHs and differences in portfolios of DIHs’ services across European economies. Therefore, the paper wants to deliver more precise data on effects on national and European policies. This is required to define their final role and scope in the complex dynamics of the digital transition, depending on regional context and heterogeneity of industries.Methods: Data on 38 economies was collected from the S3 platform (on both existing and in preparation DIHs) and further verified by native speaking researchers using manual web scrapping of websites of DIHs identified from S3. To find potential similarities of digital ecosystems in different economies as emanated by the existence of DIHs, clusterization (Ward’s method and Euclidean distances) was applied according to the services offered. Economies were clustered according to the number of DIHs and the spread of DIHs intensity in different cities. The results were further analyzed according to the scope of the provided services.Findings & value added: The applied clustering classified European economies in four different sets, according to the types of services offered by the DIHs. These sets are expression of the different digitalization statuses and strategies of the selected economies and, as such, the services a company can benefit from in a specific economy. Potential development-related reasons behind the data-driven clustering are then conjectured and reported, to guide companies and policy makers in their digitalization strategies.
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| 3. |
- Ramli, Muhammad Rusyadi, 1993-
(författare)
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Bio-inspired Service Provisioning Scheme for Fog-based Industrial Internet of Things
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 1661-1664
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a bio-inspired service provisioning scheme for fog-based industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). We use wild-goats algorithm to address the adaptive fog service provisioning problem. Specifically, the master node is configured to monitor the network condition of all fog nodes inside of its domain. Then, the master node will distribute a service to the most suitable fog node based on network latency, computation cost, and storage cost. Therefore, the service can be accomplished in a real-time. The proposed method also considers a probability of node failure during the service provisioning process due to the harsh condition of IIoT environment. The results show that the proposed scheme can achieve low latency compared to the traditional architectures. The results also show that the node failure can escalate the latency of fog-based IIoT network. Thus, the adaptive service provisioning scheme is essential to maintain the network performance of fog-based IIoT.
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| 4. |
- Ramli, Muhammad Rusyadi, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid MAC Protocol for UAV-Assisted Data Gathering in a Wireless Sensor Network
- 2021
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Ingår i: Internet of Things. - Netherlands : Elsevier. - 2542-6605. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A wireless sensor network (WSN) that deploys an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for thedata gathering process differs from the common WSN system. In a UAV-WSN, the sensornodes have a limited time to communicate with the UAV. Thus, the sensor nodes have tocontend with each other to transmit their data to the UAV within a short amount of time.The fairness among the contended nodes is degraded, which affects the network perfor-mance in terms of throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR). To overcome this issue, aneffective protocol that can maintain or increase fairness among nodes is needed. This pa-per proposes a novel protocol named HP-MAC which is a hybrid medium access control(MAC) protocol for data gathering in a UAV-WSN. This proposed scheme works by settingthe UAV to periodically send a beacon frame to sensor nodes in order to inform its pres-ence, then each sensor node that receives the beacon frame contends to send a registrationframe to the UAV. A second beacon frame then transmitted by the UAV to the registerednodes regarding their transmission schedule. HP-MAC uses CSMA/CA during the registra-tion process of the sensor nodes and allocates the registered sensor nodes time slots in thedata gathering process. The time-slot scheme is used to determine the transmission sched-ule of each sensor based on their priority during the registration process. The results showthat the proposed MAC protocol achieved fairness while enhancing network performancein terms of PDR and throughput.
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| 5. |
- Ramli, Muhammad Rusyadi, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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IoT-based adaptive network mechanism for reliable smart farm system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1699 .- 1872-7107. ; 170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an adaptive network mechanism for a smart farm system by using LoRaWAN and IEEE802.11ac protocols. Generally, the internet of things (IoT) system for agriculture application is used in an en-vironment where significant interferences can occur. These interferences can disrupt the network performance ofthe system. In this paper, an adaptive network mechanism is designed to improve the network performance ofthe system, in order to achieve a more reliable smart farm system. Specifically, the proposed adaptive networkmechanism is implemented in the application layer. The system has the ability to adjust a protocol based on thenetwork condition. For instance, the IEEE 802.11ac is suitable for transmitting data which require high data ratesuch as image or video. On contrary, the LoRaWAN protocol is suitable for sending data that only have smalldata packets such as sensor reading data. An adaptive mechanism, which combines advantages of both protocols,leads the system to achieve reliability while performing the monitoring task. The system has been evaluated forthe real deployment scenario. The result demonstrates that the proposed system brings the reliability in terms ofaverage latency and total gathered number of sensors’ data.
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| 6. |
- Ramli, Muhammad Rusyadi, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards an Architectural Framework and Method for Realizing Trustworthy Complex Cyber-Physical Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Joint Proceedings of RCIS 2022 Workshops and Research Projects Track. - : CEUR-WS.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are evolving to become smarter, more autonomous, connected and collaborating. Provided with unprecedented capabilities, the CPS also represent unprecedented complexity and bring new risks that go beyond classical dependability. This paper outlines a framework for complex CPS with the purposes to facilitate holistic considerations of trustworthiness and its various attributes. The framework addresses trustworthiness from both technical (e.g., safety, reliability and security, etc.) and social perspectives (e.g. w.r.t. ethics, transparency and privacy). The framework is not intended primarily to replace existing CPS frameworks, but rather to complement them by providing an approach for incorporating trustworthiness considerations as a first class citizen. The workflow for the proposed framework is presented and we briefly outline its application to two use cases in the domain of intelligent transportation systems.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Xinhai, et al.
(författare)
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Finding critical scenarios for automated driving systems : The data extraction form
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is the data extraction form for the systematic literature review work for finding critical scenarios for automated driving systems. The extracted data from the primary studies is structured in the following tables. Primary studies in Tables 1 to 5 correspond to the five clusters defined in Section 6 of the main paper. Please note that some primary studies in these tables are classified as out of the scope of the literature study. These studies are marked in the Purpose column. Primary studies in Tables 6 and 7 are eventually considered as out of the scope. The tables are designed aligned with the taxonomy proposed in Section 4 of the main paper.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Xinhai, et al.
(författare)
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Finding Critical Scenarios for Automated Driving Systems: A Systematic Mapping Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520 .- 2326-3881. ; , s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scenario-based approaches have been receiving a huge amount of attention in research and engineering of automated driving systems. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the driving environment, and the complexity of the driving task itself, the number of possible driving scenarios that an Automated Driving System or Advanced Driving-Assistance System may encounter is virtually infinite. Therefore it is essential to be able to reason about the identification of scenarios and in particular critical ones that may impose unacceptable risk if not considered. Critical scenarios are particularly important to support design, verification and validation efforts, and as a basis for a safety case. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic mapping study in the context of autonomous driving. The main contributions are: (i) introducing a comprehensive taxonomy for critical scenario identification methods; (ii) giving an overview of the state-of-the-art research based on the taxonomy encompassing 86 papers between 2017 and 2020; and (iii) identifying open issues and directions for further research. The provided taxonomy comprises three main perspectives encompassing the problem definition (the why), the solution (the methods to derive scenarios), and the assessment of the established scenarios. In addition, we discuss open research issues considering the perspectives of coverage, practicability, and scenario space explosion.
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