| 1. |
- Källmén, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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The psychometric properties of the AUDIT : a survey from a random sample of elderly Swedish adults
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 14, s. 672-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increasing alcohol consumption and related harms have been reported among the elderly population of Europe. Consequently, it is important to monitor patterns of alcohol use, and to use a valid and reliable tool when screening for risky consumption in this age group. The aim was to evaluate the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in elderly Swedish adults, and to compare the results with the general Swedish population. Another aim was to calculate the level of alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) to be used for comparison in future studies. Methods: The questionnaire was sent to 1459 Swedish adults aged 79-80 years with a response rate of 73.3%. Internal consistency reliability, were assessed using Cronbach alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis assessed construct validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in elderly population as compared to a Swedish general population sample. Results: The results showed that AUDIT was more reliable and valid among the Swedish general population sample than among the elderly and that Item 1 and 4 in AUDIT was less reliable and valid among the elderly. Conclusions: While the AUDIT showed acceptable psychometric properties in the general population sample, it's performance was of less quality among the elderly respondents. Further psychometric assessments of the AUDIT in elderly populations are required before it is implemented more widely.
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| 2. |
- Agardh, Emilie E., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-attributed disease burden in four Nordic countries between 2000 and 2017 : Are the gender gaps narrowing? A comparison using the Global Burden of Disease, Injury and Risk Factor 2017 study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Review. - : Wiley. - 0959-5236 .- 1465-3362. ; 40:3, s. 431-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and Aims. The gender difference in alcohol use seems to have narrowed in the Nordic countries, but it is not clear to what extent this may have affected differences in levels of harm. We compared gender differences in all-cause and cause-specific alcohol-attributed disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), in four Nordic countries in 2000-2017, to find out if gender gaps in DALYs had narrowed. Design and Methods. Alcohol-attributed disease burden by DALYs per 100 000 population with 95% uncertainty intervals were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database. Results. In 2017, all-cause DALYs in males varied between 2531 in Finland and 976 in Norway, and in females between 620 in Denmark and 270 in Norway. Finland had the largest gender differences and Norway the smallest, closely followed by Sweden. During 2000-2017, absolute gender differences in all-cause DALYs declined by 31% in Denmark, 26% in Finland, 19% in Sweden and 18% in Norway. In Finland, this was driven by a larger relative decline in males than females; in Norway, it was due to increased burden in females. In Denmark, the burden in females declined slightly more than in males, in relative terms, while in Sweden the relative decline was similar in males and females. Discussion and Conclusions. The gender gaps in harm narrowed to a different extent in the Nordic countries, with the differences driven by different conditions. Findings are informative about how inequality, policy and sociocultural differences affect levels of harm by gender.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of cannabis use among young adults in Sweden comparing randomized response technique with a traditional survey
- 2023
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Ingår i: Addiction. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 118:9, s. 1801-1810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: The prevalence of cannabis use based on self-reports is likely to be underestimated in population surveys, especially in contexts where its use is a criminal offence. Indirect survey methods ask sensitive questions ensuring that answers cannot be identified with an individual respondent, therefore potentially resulting in more reliable estimates. We aimed to measure whether the indirect survey method ‘randomized response technique’ (RRT) increased response rate and/or increased disclosure of cannabis use among young adults compared with a traditional survey.Design: We conducted two parallel nation-wide surveys during the spring and the summer of 2021. The first survey was a traditional questionnaire-based one (focusing on substance use and gambling). The second survey applied an indirect survey method known as ‘the cross-wise model’ to questions related to cannabis use. The two surveys employed identical procedures (e.g. invitations, reminders and wording of the questions)Setting and Participants: The participants were young adults (aged 18–29 years) living in Sweden. The traditional survey had 1200 respondents (56.9% women) and the indirect survey had 2951 respondents (53.6% women).Measurements: In both surveys, cannabis use was assessed according to three time-frames: life-time use; use during the past year; and use during the past 30 days.Findings: The estimated prevalence of cannabis use was two- to threefold higher on all measures when estimated using the indirect survey method compared with the traditional survey: use during life-time (43.2 versus 27.3%); during the past year (19.2 versus 10.4%); and during the past 30 days (13.2 versus 3.7%). The discrepancy was larger among males and individuals with an education shorter than 10 years, who were unemployed, and who were born in non-European countries.Conclusions: Indirect survey methods may provide more accurate estimates than traditional surveys on prevalence of self-reported cannabis use.
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| 5. |
- Axelsson Sohlberg, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Tal om tobak 2008 : Tobakskonsumtionen i Sverige 2008
- 2009
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Under år 2008 fördes cirka 424 miljoner cigaretter in i Sverige från utlandet i samband med svenskars utlandsresor. I jämförelse med år 2007 har ingen förändring skett. Antalet köpta smuggelcigaretter har däremot ökat mellan 2007 och 2008 från 144 miljoner till 440 miljoner dvs. med cirka 205 procent. Köp av privatimporterade cigaretter, det vill säga köp av cigaretter som privatpersoner lagligt fört in i landet och sålt vidare utan kommersiellt syfte, uppgick år 2008 till cirka 134 miljoner vilket i jämförelse med år 2007 är en ökning med cirka 6 procent. Sammantaget så ökade därmed den oregistrerade cigarettkonsumtionen under 2008 med cirka 44 procent i jämförelse med 2007 (998 miljoner mot 694 miljoner). Den registrerade (i Sverige beskattade) cigarettförsäljningen minskade under 2008 samtidigt som den oregistrerade cigarettkonsumtionens andel av den totala cigarettkonsumtionen (det vill säga den registrerade och den oregistrerade sammantaget), ökade från 9,5 procent under 2007 till 14 procent för 2008. Den totala cigarettkonsumtionen fortsätter dock att minska under 2008 och var ca 2,7 procent lägre än 2007 och 7,7 procent lägre än 2006. Denna utveckling får stöd i andra uppgifter som visar att andelen dagligrökare minskat under samma period. I denna rapport skattades också den oregistrerade snuskonsumtionen för år 2008 vilken uppgick till cirka 30,8 miljoner dosor varav 17 miljoner var resandeinförda (främst från Finland) och cirka 9,7 miljoner hade beställts via Internet. Köp av smuggelsnus uppgick till cirka 4 miljoner dosor. Detta är i jämförelse med år 2007 en total ökning med cirka 320 procent (30,8 miljoner mot 7,3 miljoner).
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| 8. |
- Engdahl, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Is the population level link between drinking and harm similar for women and men? : a time series analysis with focus on gender-specific drinking and alcohol-related hospitalizations in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 21:4, s. 432-437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A question that has not been addressed in the literature is whether the population level association between alcohol and harm differs between men and women. The main aim of this article is to fill this gap by analysing recently collected time series data of male and female self-reported drinking in relation to gender-specific harm indicators in Sweden. Methods: Male and female per capita and risk consumption was estimated on the basis of self-reported data from monthly alcohol surveys for the period 2002-07. Overall per capita consumption including recorded sales and estimates of unrecorded consumption were also collected for the same period. Alcohol-related hospitalizations were used as indicators of alcohol-related harm. Data were aggregated into quarterly observations and analysed by means of time series analyses (ARIMA-modelling). Results: Overall per capita consumption was significantly related to both male and female alcohol-related hospitalizations. Male per capita consumption and risk consumption were also significantly related to alcohol-related hospitalizations among men. Female per capita consumption and risk consumption had also a positive association with alcohol-related hospitalizations but statistical significance was only reached for alcohol poisonings where the association was even stronger than for men. Conclusions: Changes in alcohol consumption in Sweden was associated with changes in male and female alcohol-related hospitalizations also in analyses based on gender-specific consumption measures. There was no clear evidence that the population level association between alcohol and harm differed between men and women.
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| 9. |
- Fugelstad, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Drug-related deaths : Statistics based on death certificates miss one-third of cases
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 48:1, s. 29-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Statistics on drug-related deaths (DRD) provide crucial information on the drug situation. The European Monitoring Centre for Drug and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) has published a specification for extracting DRD from national mortality registers to be used in international comparisons. However, surprisingly little is known of the accuracy of DRD statistics derived from national mortality registers. This study assesses the accuracy of Swedish data derived from national mortality registers by comparing it with other sources of data.METHODS: We compared five Swedish datasets. Three were derived from national mortality registers, two according to a Swedish specification and one according to the EMCDDA specification. A fourth dataset was based on toxicological analyses. We used a fifth dataset, an inventory of DRD in Stockholm, to assess the completeness and coverage of the Swedish datasets.RESULTS: All datasets were extracted from high-quality registers, but still did not capture all DRD, and both the numbers and demographic characteristics varied considerably. However, the time trends were consistent between the selections. In international comparisons, data completeness and investigation procedures may impact even more on stated numbers.CONCLUSIONS: Basing international comparisons on numbers or rates of DRDs gives misleading results, but comparing trends is still meaningful.
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| 10. |
- Fugelstad, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Oxycodone-related deaths in Sweden 2006-2018
- 2022
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Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To identify and characterize oxycodone related deaths in Sweden from 2006 to 2018 and to compare them to other opioid-related deaths.Methods: To assess the factors contributing to the deaths, we used multinomial logistic regression to compare oxycodone-related deaths extracted from all forensic autopsy examinations and toxicology cases in the age groups 15-34 (reference group), 35-54 and 55-74 with regard to sex, presence of benzodiazepines and alcohol at the time of death, prescription of oxycodone, benzodiazepines and antidepressants, previous substance use related (SUD) treatment, and manner of death. The oxycodone related deaths were compared with deaths with presence of other opioids.Result: We identified 575 oxycodone-related deaths, and the rate increased during the study period from 0.10 to 1.12 per 100,000 in parallel with an increase of oxycodone prescriptions from 3.17 to 30.33 per 1000. Oxycodone-related deaths amounted to 10.0% of all opioid-related deaths. The deaths occurred mainly in older patients previously being prescribed oxycodone. Benzodiazepines were present at the time of death in 403 (70%) and alcohol in 259 (45%). Prescriptions of any opioid for pain (61%), oxycodone (50%), benzodiazepines (67%) and antidepressants (55%) were common. Only 15% had received treatment for SUD during the last year.Conclusion: Oxycodone-related deaths increased in Sweden between 2006 and 2018 in parallel to an increase in oxycodone prescriptions. The increase occurred mainly in older patients being prescribed oxycodone for pain. There might be specific interventions needed to avoid oxycodone-related deaths compared to other opioidrelated deaths associated with illicit opioid use.
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