| 1. |
- Ranestad, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to Scandinavian copper
- 2020
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Ingår i: Skandinavisk kobber: Lokale forhold og globale sammenhenger i det lange 1700-tallet. - 9788202645533 ; , s. 9-22
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Different Drivers Behind Corporate Environmental Policies: The Case of the Swedish and Chilean Copper Industry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Natural resources and divergence: a comparison of Andean and Nordic trajectories.. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. ; , s. 279-303, s. 279-303
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter represents a comparative study of the emergence of environmental policies in the Chilean and Swedish copper industry. The chapter identifies a number of key factors which helps to explain dissimilar characteristics of actions to protect the environment in both countries as well as the timing for these actions. One key difference identified—besides obvious factors such as income levels, political systems and dependency of foreign direct investments—concerns the very drivers behind the greening of the industry. While governmental regulation developing from the 1960s represented the primary driver behind the green transformation of Swedish copper industry, it took until the 1990s before the Chilean copper companies started to adopt their first environmental policies ahead of regulation, and called for the Chilean government to act. We suggest that this happened as globalisation took hold from the early 1990s, and foreign companies operating in Chile demanded environmental standards that harmonised with those in the Western world, at the same time as the Chilean industry needed to enhance an environmental reputation in the global market. Thus, while the Swedish industry was much driven by national regulation to invest in cleaner technologies, it was the pressure from globalisation that drove the Chilean industry to clean up their acts.
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| 4. |
- Ducoing, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Resources Curse in the long run? : Bolivia, Chile and Peru in the Nordic countries’ mirror
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The new estimates of the Maddison Project show that the p.p.p. GDP per capita ratio between Bolivia and Finland has changed from 0.68 ca. 1850 to 0.16 in 2015; similarly, that between Chile and Norway from 0.65 to 0.28. The aim of this article is to present a review of the literature and available quantitative evidence to understand how these extreme differences became possible between countries with similarly enormous natural resources endowments. Specifically, the article seeks to a) identify some stylised facts that may help understand the divergence between Andean and Nordic countries; b) highlight research questions that will guide further work about the divergent effect of natural resource abundance in Andean and Nordic economies. In order to achieve these objectives, four topics are covered: GDPpc, population, trade and taxation. The analysis comprises three Nordic countries (Finland, Norway, and Sweden) and three Andean countries (Bolivia, Chile, and Peru) from the mid-nineteenth century to present day. The sample size, time span covered and thematic approach provide new evidence regarding previous work.
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| 5. |
- Ducoing, Cristián, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Resources Curse in the Long Run? Bolivia, Chile and Peru in the Nordic Countries’ Mirror
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - Basel : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 10:4, s. 965-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new estimates of the Maddison Project show that GDP per capita ratio at purchasing power parity (ppp) between Bolivia and Finland has changed from 0.68 ca. 1850 to 0.16 in 2015; similarly, that between Chile and Norway from 0.65 to 0.28. The aim of this article is to present a review of the literature and available quantitative evidence to understand how these extreme differences became possible between countries with similarly enormous natural resource endowments. Specifically, the article seeks to: (a) identify some stylized facts that may help understand the divergence between Andean and Nordic countries; (b) identify key historical processes that explain the divergent effect of natural resource abundance in Andean and Nordic economies. In order to achieve these objectives, four topics are covered: GDPpc, population, trade and taxation. The analysis comprises three Nordic countries (Finland, Norway and Sweden) and three Andean countries (Bolivia, Chile and Peru) from the mid-Nineteenth Century to present day. The sample size, time span covered and thematic approach provide new evidence regarding previous work.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ford, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Leaving Their Mark : Using Danish Student Grade Lists to Construct a More Detailed Measure of Historical Human Capital
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We provide a brief overview of the educational history of Denmark and document archival and printed sources covering the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary education. In particular, we focus on student grade lists, which are available for individuals at all levels of education from the early nineteenth century until well into the twentieth century. We suggest that these can be used to construct more detailed measures of human capital than those usually employed, making it possible to deconstruct aggregate education into e.g. knowledge of science or humanities, as well as to measure the extent to which this was actually learned, as captured by the grades achieved. Given the role usually attributed to human capital for development, and perhaps particularly with regards the Nordic countries, such data has the potential to greatly increase our understanding of how Denmark became the rich and successful country it is today.
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| 8. |
- Ford, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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Leaving Their Mark: Using Danish Student Grade Lists to Construct a More Detailed Measure of Historical Human Capital
- 2022
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Ingår i: Rivista di Storia Economica. - 0393-3415. ; 1, s. 29-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide a brief overview of the educational history of Denmark and document archival and printed sources covering the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary education. In particular, we focus on student grade lists, which are available for individuals at all levels of education from the early Nineteenth century until well into the Twentieth century. We suggest that these can be used to construct more detailed measures of human capital than those usually employed, making it possible to deconstruct aggregate levels and types of education into e.g., science or humanities, as well as to measure the extent to which this was actually learned, as captured by the grades achieved. Given the role usually attributed to human capital for development, and perhaps particularly with regards to the Nordic countries, such data has the potential to greatly increase our understanding of how Denmark became the rich and successful country it is today.
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| 9. |
- Peres-Cajías, José, et al.
(författare)
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Engineers and the Knowledge Gap between Andean and Nordic Countries 1850-1939
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rather than exogenous endowments, natural resources can be seen as economically exploitable resources thanks to knowledge improvements. This underscores the need to understand why some natural resource abundant countries are able to develop their own technologies while others are not. We tackle this issue by looking at the evolution of engineering faculties and graduate engineers from 1850 to 1939 in Andean and Nordic countries, two regions where natural resources were critical at the onset of modern economic growth. We find the consolidation of a knowledge gap between Andean and Nordic countries during the First Globalization that was materialized in: a) a drastic difference in the total number of locally trained engineers; b) the role that these engineers played in their respective labor markets. These differences were the result of differences in public support to primary education and migration traditions. Both, in turn, are linked to historical and geographic contingencies.
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| 10. |
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