| 1. |
- Krishan, Gopal, et al.
(författare)
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Occurrences of potentially toxic trace metals in groundwater of the state of Punjab in northern India
- 2021
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Ingår i: GROUNDWATER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In present study, a total of 275 representative water samples (263 groundwater, 8 canal water, 2 samples from Sutlej River and 2 samples from Buddha Nala) were collected and analysed. The sampling was carried out in the month of August, September, and October of 2019. These samples were analysed for the Arsenic (As-total), Aluminium (Al), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb). The result found that 3.8 % of the analysed groundwater samples have As concentrations above acceptable limit (10 mu g/L) and similar to 0.38 % samples exceeded the permissible limit of 50 mu g/L. Iron concentration exceeded the acceptable limit of 0.3 mg/L for drinking water in similar to 14.83 % groundwater samples. The mean concentration of iron was found 252 mu g/L and 3810 mu g/L for groundwater and canal water, respectively. It was observed that some samples have concentrations more than acceptable limits in the cities of Ludhiana, SBS Nagar, Rupnagar, SAS Nagar districts and in parts of Mansa, Amristar and Gurdaspur districts of the state of Punjab. Iron was found exceeding the permissible limit in the villages like, Moran wara (Firozepur), Churian (Firozepur), Manewal (Ludhiana), PandKhokhan (Muktsar) and Pakki Kalan (Faridkot).
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| 2. |
- Kumar, Manish, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogeochemical zonation for groundwater management in the area with diversified geological and land-use setup
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemie der Erde. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2819 .- 1611-5864. ; 73:3, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite its limited aerial extent, the National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi, India, has diversified geological and topographical setup. A geochemical assessment of prevailing conditions of aquifer underlying the NCT was attempted and further classified into different hydrogeochemical zones on the basis of statistical and analyses and its correlation with land use, geological and climatic setting. Mineral phase study and isotopic analyses were used for the verification of performed clustering. Saturation indices (SI) calculated using the geochemical modelling code PHREEQC were used to distinguish the characteristics of four zones, as saturation states of the water does not change abruptly. Four different hydrogeochemical zones were statistically identified in the area: (1) intermediate (land-use-change-impacted) recharge zone, (2) discharge (agriculture-impacted) zone, (3) recharge (ridge) zone, and (4) recharge floodplain (untreated-discharge-impacted) zone. The distinctiveness of hydro-geochemical zones was further verified using stable isotopic (H-2 and O-18) signature of these waters. GIS-based flow regime in association with long-term geochemical evidences implied that these zones are being affected by different problems; thus, it necessitates separate environmental measures for their management and conservation. The study suggested that in a diversified urban setup where the complex interactions between anthropogenic activities and normal geochemical processes are functioning, hydrogeochmical zoning based on the integration of various techniques could be the first step towards sketching out the groundwater management plan.
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