| 1. |
- Alrutz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Projektledning
- 2013
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektledning är ett yrke med egen certifiering. Det pågår en spännande utveckling inom området och det blir allt viktigare att hålla sig ajour med utvecklingen.Det övergripande målet med den här handboken är att vara en ständigt aktuell heltäckande bok om projektarbete. Innehållsmässigt täcker den både frågor som har med struktur och styrning att göra och frågor om ledning av människor och mänskliga processer i grupp. Kompetens inom projekt byggs av både kunskap och erfarenhet. Vi följer kontinuerligt aktuell forskning inom dessa områden och bjuder in intressanta forskare att medverka som författare. Vi skildrar verkliga projekt och låter erfarenheterna få plats, både de bästa erfarenheterna och de utmaningar som man tagit sig igenom.Handboken är levande och det innebär att artiklar tas bort för att ge plats för nya, i takt med att den uppdateras fortlöpande.
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| 2. |
- Amato, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Think Entrepreneurially: Entrepreneurs vs. non-Entrepreneurs Cognitive Profiles
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship. - 1099-9264. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many recent contributions try to identify the way of thinking of individuals who pursue entrepreneurial careers (Shepherd & Patzelt, 2018). This study aims at investigating the cognitive styles (i.e., the stable preferred way to thinking by an individual) of a sample of entrepreneurs (vs. non-entrepreneurs.) According to Sternberg’s theories (1998) and based on the previous researches it is assumed that some cognitive styles better describe the entrepreneurial way of thinking. Through a discriminant analysis, this assumption has been assessed on an Italian sample of 276 participants (147 entrepreneurs and 129 non- entrepreneurs.) The data show that the anarchical (i.e., a random approach to problems, by sometimes drawing up connections that the others would not be able to establish), legislative (i.e., the free decision of what to do and how to do it), internal (i.e., the inclination towards autonomy for the performance of tasks), and liberal style (i.e., the tendency to deviate from the way in which things are currently made) are distinctive of the Entrepreneurs group, confirming the assumption concerning different cognitive profiles between the two groups interviewed. Directions for future research are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive benefits of exercise intervention
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinica Terapeutica. - 0009-9074 .- 1972-6007. ; 167:6, s. 180-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Società Editrice Universo (SEU).Exercise, as a potent epigenetic regulator, implies the potential to counteract pathophysiological processes and alterations in most cardiovascular/respiratory cells and tissues not withstanding a paucity of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and doseresponse relationships. In the present account, the assets accruing from physical exercise and its influence upon executive functioning are examined. Under conditions of neuropsychiatric and neurologic ill-health, age-related deterioration of functional and biomarker indicators during healthy and disordered trajectories, neuroimmune and affective unbalance, and epigenetic pressures, exercise offers a large harvest of augmentations in health and well-being. Both animal models and human studies support the premise of manifest gains from regular exercise within several domains, besides cognitive function and mood, notably as the agency of a noninvasive, readily available therapeutic intervention.
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| 4. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Drug abuse neurotoxicity: alcohol and nicotine as developmental stressors
- 2013
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Ingår i: Handbook of Neurotoxicity. - : Springer. - 9781461458357 ; , s. 2003-2023
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drugs of abuse have the property of inducing adverse health complications, not least neurotoxicity under conditions where both the environmental conditions and activity states associated with their intake may strongly enhance drug toxicity, thereby causing life-threatening health complications and tragedy for relations and caregivers. While both chronic alcohol and/or nicotine abuse induce a variety of neuropathological effects, including damage to the brain, the extent of damage and disruption observed in the developing brain and CNS is a considerable affliction for the affected individuals. On the basis of laboratory and clinical studies, the potential of chemicals, including therapeutic and abused agents, to induce neurotoxic effects has been assessed, with considerations of abuse drugs neurotoxicity encompassing several factors that may accelerate and complicate prevailing conditions; the type and influence of environmental conditions, the presence of daily habits such as coffee breaks/smoking breaks, nutritional status, and neuroimmune system mobilization. Abuse neurotoxicity at several stages of early development, alcohol neurotoxicity, nicotine neurotoxicity, and combinations of alcohol-nicotine neurotoxicity present a threatening scenario of two compounds, benefitting from legality and availability that nevertheless have such potential for destruction over multiple domains, particularly in the undeveloped brain.
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| 5. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Factors governing personal health and development: stress (distress) and empowerment : I fattori che regolano la salute personale e lo sviluppo: Stress (distress) e potenziamento
- 2014
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Ingår i: Panminerva Medica. - 0031-0808. ; 56:1 suppl. 1, s. 101-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals express personal attributes that render them vulnerable to stress to greater or lesser extent. According to how we deal with all the events, incidents and interactions upon our daily lives, whether Monday to Friday working days or the weekends with expected rest, the progression of our life cycles develop, in some cases towards relative life satisfaction, psychological well-being and health but sadly in others towards dissatisfaction, a lack of psychological well-being and ill-health. Stress and distress may exert adaptive or maladaptive influences. Psychosocial stress, physiological stress, stress-inducing immunosenescence, or oxidative forms of stress are generally associated with detrimental effects upon personal health and development. Nevertheless, the adaptive aspect of stress ought not to be neglected since the capacity and ability to cope with stress, develop one’s own personal resources to accommodate coping strategies, hardiness and resilience all provide stages to elevate an individual’s developmental trajectory. Education, self-learning and an optimal life-style based upon healthy attachment to self all endower us with personal empowerment which is further reinforced when we facilitate the empowerment of others as evidence of our attachment to them. The related, yet distinctive, qualities, dignitas and auctoritas, capture the requirement of empowerment in self-fulfilling personal profiles. An individual with dignitas has acquired accomplishments, personal habits and a special ‘aura’ that invariably commands respect whether this person is a gardener or a general whereas auctoritas is conferred, rather than acquired, in the hope that this person will empower both others and himself/herself. One measure of success, perhaps the most important, is offered by the degree to which we empower our own personal health and development, and the extent to which we facilitate that of others.
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| 6. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Neurodegenerative Aspects in Vulnerability to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neurotoxicity Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1029-8428 .- 1476-3524. ; 26:4, s. 400-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neurodegenerative and neurotoxic aspects of schizophrenia and/or psychosis involve genetic, epigenetic, and neurotoxic propensities that impinge upon both the symptom domains and the biomarkers of the disorder, involving cellular apoptosis/excitotoxicity, increased reactive oxygen species formation, viral and bacterial infections, anoxic birth injury, maternal starvation, drugs of abuse, particularly cannabis, metabolic accidents, and other chemical agents that disrupt normal brain development or the integrity of brain tissues. Evidence for premorbid and prodromal psychotic phases, aspects of neuroimaging, dopamine, and psychosis vulnerability, and perinatal aspects provide substance for neurodegenerative influences. Not least, the agencies of antipsychotic contribute to the destructive spiral that disrupts normal structure and function. The etiopathogenesis of psychosis is distinguished also by disruptions of the normal functioning of the neurotrophins, in particular brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dyskinesic aspects, immune system disturbances, and metabolic aspects. Whether detrimental to neurodevelopment or tissue-destructive, or an acceleration of neurotoxic pathways, the notion of neurodegeneration in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders continues to gather momentum.
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| 7. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Mood Disorders
- 2013
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Ingår i: Handbook of Neurotoxicity. - : Springer. - 9781461458357 ; , s. 2181-2205
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurotoxic vulnerability that putatively contributes to the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders encompasses perinatal adversity, genetic linkage, epigenetic disadvantage, and neurodegenerative propensities that affect both symptom domains, positive, negative, and cognitive and biomarkers of the disorder. Molecular and cellular apoptosis/excitotoxicity that culminates in regional brain loss, reductions reelin expression, trophic disruption, perinatal adversity, glycogen kinase-3 dysregulation, and various instances of oxidative stress all influence the final end point. The existence of prodromal psychotic phases, structural-functional aspects of regional neuroimaging, dopamine signal overexpression, and psychosis propensity provide substance for neurodegenerative influences. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders encompasses the destruction of normal functioning of the neurotrophins, in particular brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dyskinesia of necessary ,ovements, and metabolic-metabolomic and proteomic markers. Neurotoxic accidents combined with genetic susceptibility appear to play a role in interfering with normal neurodevelopment or in tissue-destructive neurodegeneration or both, thereby elevating the eventual risk for disorder tendencies and eventual expression
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| 8. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Mood Disorders
- 2013
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Ingår i: Omics for Personalized Medicine. - New Delhi : Springer. - 9788132211839 ; :309, s. 309-334
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmacogenomics and the search for personalized medicine focus on the attainment of individualized pharmacotherapies that cover genetic variation and target groups of patients that present neurodevelopmental aspects of symptom profiles and biomarkers underlying the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The identification of genetic biomarkers facilitates choice of treatment, prediction of response, and prognosis of outcome over a wide spectrum of symptoms associated with affective states thereby optimizing clinical practice procedures. Several strategies, under development and refinement, show the propensity for derivation of essential elements in the etiopathogenesis of disorder affecting drug efficacy, drug metabolism, and drug adverse effects, e.g., with regard to SSRIs; these include the following: transporter gene expression and genes encoding receptor systems, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis factors, neurotrophic factors, and inflammatory factors affecting neuroimmune function. Nevertheless, procedural considerations of pharmacogenetics presume the parallel investment of policies and regulations to withstand eventual attempts at misuse thereby ensuring patient integrity
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| 9. |
- Bäcklander, Gisela, 1983-
(författare)
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Autonomous, yet Aligned : Challenges of Self-Leadership in Context
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Följande avhandling bidrar till teorier om ledning av kunskapsarbete på mikronivå, genom att undersöka självledarskap i kunskapsarbete och organisatoriska försök att främja det på individ- och teamnivåer. Det empiriska materialet är insamlat i kontexter av innovativ mjukvaruutveckling, konsulter, och aktivitetsbaserat arbetssätt; metoden är företrädesvis djupintervjuer och tematisk analys, och i papper IV enkät och statistisk analys. Den övergripande forskningsfrågan har varit: Hur kan organisationer stödja hållbart och produktivt självledarskap hos sina anställda? I papper I framträder en förmåga att “se” vilket arbete som skulle göras. Det antyder att situationellt omdöme och uppmärksamhet är nyckelingredienser i vad som slutligen ses som framgångsrikt självgående eller självledarskap hos anställda. I papper II indikerar kunskapsarbetare själva att en förväntan att kunna ”utläsa” chefens/omgivningens krav som något som bidrar till ett internaliserande av krav och att man ser sig själv som källan till stress. Konsulterna i studien uttryckte en tro på interna själv-disciplinära strategier av en mer reaktiv natur som det som skulle göra dem mer självledande. I själva verket så visade deras berättelser istället på att det snarare var mer externa och proaktiva strategier (att välja eller ändra arbetsmiljön) som fungerade bäst i praktiken, vilket rimmar väl med den forskning om begränsade resurser för självreglering som publicerats på senare tid. Baserat på papper I & II så undersöker papper IV kvantitativt hypotesen att ha god tillgång till arbetsrelevant information (“information richness”) skulle ha ett starkare samband med lägre kognitiv stress, och bättre prestation, är de interna och självfokuserade strategier som förordas i det etablerade konceptet och måttet self-leadership (självledarskap). I synnerhet i en kontext av aktivitetsbaserat arbete, där medarbetarna själva har stark möjlighet att bestämma hur, var, när, och med vem de utför arbete. Hypoteserna bekräftades i stort, vilket tyder på att när organisatoriska situationer inte kan konfigureras starkt, till exempel eftersom den bästa arbetsprocessen inte är känd, eller för att innovation eller olika samarbeteskonstellationer krävs, så behöver de berikas så att den orientering och om-orientering som anställda behöver göra inte blir för belastande för den enskilda och försämrar kognitiv funktion och prestation. Papper III är en fallstudie av agila coacher (AC) på Spotify och hur de praktiserar ett underlättande ledarskap (”enabling leadership”), en central, balanserade kraft inom complexity leadership theory (Uhl-Bien, Marion, & McKelvey, 2007). Coacher praktiserar underlättande ledarskap genom att öka kontext-känsligheten hos andra, genom stöd till andra ledarroller, genom att etablera och förstärka enkla beslutsprinciper, observera gruppdynamik, synliggöra motsättningar och underlätta och uppmuntra konstruktiv dialog. AC som komplexitetsledare värderar att vara närvarande, observera och reagera i ögonblicket. Fynden antyder att den flexibla struktur som en uppmärksam coach bidrar med kan vara ett fruktsamt sätt att navigera och balansera autonomi och målstyrning, att ha en gemensam riktning.Omformuleringen av konceptet självledarskap i den här avhandlingen pekar på vikten av att, som individ, 1) kunna navigera ”svaga” situationer och att se eller skapa sina egna arbetsuppgifter på ett sådant sätt som gör ett värdefullt bidrag till organisationen, och 2) ha möjligheten att avlasta kognitiva krav på sin miljö i bred mening. Att stödja självledarskap innebär i så fall att stödja dessa två huvudmekanismer. Och med ett resursperspektiv kan vi säga att organisationer kan erbjuda stöd genom att bygga eller erbjuda resurser av olika slag, som i sin tur låter medarbetare ha mer kvar av sina interna, personliga resurser för de tillfällen då de verkligen behövs.
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| 10. |
- Corsi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive disability in alzheimer's disease and its management
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinica Terapeutica. - 0009-9074. ; 167:5, s. 123-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cognitive disability linked to neurodegenerative diseases and in particular to Alzheimer's disease, remains an increasing cause for concern through a dramatic prevalence increment and associated socioeconomic burdens. Initially Alzheimer's disease develops asymptomatically with primary clinical signs, such as memory impairment, decline of spatial and perceptual abilities, occurring at a later stage. This delay implies the possibility of promoting early interventions during the pre-symptomatic stage of the disease. Different strategies have been applied in order to prevent/delay onset of Alzheimer's disease or at least to improve quality of life and health conditions of Alzheimer's disease patients and their caregivers, especially in the absence of current viable therapies. Multidomain interventions, aimed at affecting several risk factors simultaneously, offer a versatility that may attain improved outcomes in comparison with single-domain prevention trials. These multidomain interventions involve diet, physical exercise, cognitive training and social activities, while music therapy, improving self-consciousness and reducing neurofibrils, may contribute to deceleration/delay onset of Alzheimer's disease progression. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) provides broad applications to improve quality of life and well-being of Alzheimer's disease patients and caregivers, suffering from psychological distress, as well as reducing additional public health costs.
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