| 1. |
- Aleksyniene, Ramune, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Nuclear Medicine Imaging with F-18-FDG PET/CT, Combined In-111-WBC/(99)mTc-Nanocoll, and Tc-99m-HDP SPECT/CT in the Evaluation of Patients with Chronic Problems after TKA or THA in a Prospective Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diagnostics. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4418. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the diagnostic value of nuclear imaging with F-18-FDG PET/CT (FDG PET/CT), combined In-111-WBC/(99)mTc-Nanocoll, and Tc-99m-HDP SPECT/CT (dual-isotope WBC/bone marrow scan) for patients with chronic problems related to knee or hip prostheses (TKA or THA) scheduled by a structured multidisciplinary algorithm.Materials and Methods: Fifty-five patients underwent imaging with Tc-99m-HDP SPECT/CT (bone scan), dual-isotope WBC/bone marrow scan, and FDG PET/CT. The final diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and/or loosening was based on the intraoperative findings and microbiological culture results and the clinical follow-up.Results: The diagnostic performance of dual-isotope WBC/bone marrow SPECT/CT for PJI showed a sensitivity of 100% (CI 0.74-1.00), a specificity of 97% (CI 0.82-1.00), and an accuracy of 98% (CI 0.88-1.00); for PET/CT, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100% (CI 0.74-1.00), 71% (CI 0.56-0.90), and 79% (CI 0.68-0.93), respectively.Conclusions: In a standardized prospectively scheduled patient group, the results showed highly specific performance of combined dual-isotope WBC/bone marrow SPECT/CT in confirming chronic PJI. FDG PET/CT has an appropriate accuracy, but the utility of its use in the clinical diagnostic algorithm of suspected PJI needs further evidence.
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| 2. |
- Elming, Sten-åke, et al.
(författare)
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Results of magnetotelluric and gravimetric measurements in western Nicaragua, central America
- 1997
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Ingår i: Geophysical Journal International. - 0956-540X .- 1365-246X. ; 128:3, s. 647-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies a ca. 170 km long traverse running from the Pacific coast of Nicaragua in the west to the Nicaraguan Highland in the east. This part of Nicaragua is characterized by sedimentary rocks of the Pacific Coastal Plain, separated from the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Highland by the NW-SE-trending Nicaraguan Depression. The purpose of this study is to provide electric conductivity and density constraints on geological crustal structures along the transect. This may then serve as a base for the understanding of the tectonic evolution of this part of Central America. Questions to be answered are: (1) is the Pacific coastal province an accreted terrane? (2) What is the character of the depression? Is this a hidden contact between an accreted terrane and the continental Chortis block? (3) If so, is there a different physical signature for the crust of the Pacific province compared to that of the Highlands?
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| 3. |
- Jung, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
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| 4. |
- Juul, Rasmus Vestergaard, et al.
(författare)
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A Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model of Morphine Exposure and Subsequent Morphine Consumption in Postoperative Pain
- 2016
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutical research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0724-8741 .- 1573-904X. ; 33:5, s. 1093-1103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To characterize the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationship between exposure of morphine and subsequent morphine consumption and to develop simulation tools for model validation. Dose, formulation and time of morphine administration was available from a published study in 63 patients receiving intravenous, oral immediate release or oral controlled release morphine on request after hip surgery. The PK-PD relationship between predicted exposure of morphine and morphine consumption was modeled using repeated time to event (RTTE) modeling in NONMEM. To validate the RTTE model, a visual predictive check method was developed with simulated morphine consumption given the exposure of preceding morphine administration. The probability of requesting morphine was found to be significantly related to the exposure of morphine as well as night/day. Oral controlled release morphine was more effective than intravenous and oral immediate release formulations at equivalent average concentrations. Maximum effect was obtained for 8 h by oral controlled release doses a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 15 mg, where probability of requesting a new dose was reduced to 20% for a typical patient. This study demonstrates the first quantitative link between exposure of morphine and subsequent morphine consumption and introduces an efficient visual predictive check approach with simulation of adaptive dosing.
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| 5. |
- Juul, Rasmus Vestergaard, et al.
(författare)
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Repeated Time-to-event Analysis of Consecutive Analgesic Events in Postoperative Pain
- 2015
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Ingår i: Anesthesiology. - 0003-3022 .- 1528-1175. ; 123:6, s. 1411-1419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reduction in consumption of opioid rescue medication is often used as an endpoint when investigating analgesic efficacy of drugs by adjunct treatment, but appropriate methods are needed to analyze analgesic consumption in time. Repeated time-to-event (RTTE) modeling is proposed as a way to describe analgesic consumption by analyzing the timing of consecutive analgesic events. Methods: Retrospective data were obtained from 63 patients receiving standard analgesic treatment including morphine on request after surgery following hip fracture. Times of analgesic events up to 96 h after surgery were extracted from hospital medical records. Parametric RTTE analysis was performed with exponential, Weibull, or Gompertz distribution of analgesic events using NONMEM (R), version 7.2 (ICON Development Solutions, USA). The potential influences of night versus day, sex, and age were investigated on the probability. Results: A Gompertz distribution RTTE model described the data well. The probability of having one or more analgesic events within 24 h was 80% for the first event, 55% for the second event, 31% for the third event, and 18% for fourth or more events for a typical woman of age 80 yr. The probability of analgesic events decreased in time, was reduced to 50% after 3.3 days after surgery, and was significantly lower (32%) during night compared with day. Conclusions: RTTE modeling described analgesic consumption data well and could account for time-dependent changes in probability of analgesic events. Thus, RTTE modeling of analgesic events is proposed as a valuable tool when investigating new approaches to pain management such as opioid-sparing analgesia.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ludvigsen, Sten, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction. Learning across sites.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ludvigsen, S., Lund, A., Rasmussen, I., & Säljö, R. Learning across sites. New tools, infrastructures and practices.. - London : Routledge. - 9780415581769 ; , s. 1-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Margaryan, Ashot, et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of the Viking world
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 585:7825, s. 390-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad750–1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci—including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response—in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.
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| 9. |
- Rasmussen, Kirsten, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in psychiatric problems and criminality between individuals treated with central stimulants before and after adulthood
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 23:2, s. 173-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The evidence for central stimulant (CS) treatment in ADHD is strong in some respects but not with respect to unselected clinical material and long-term effects over the life course cycle. The objective of this study was to explore differences in vocational, psychiatric, and social impairment, including crime and substance abuse, among adults with ADHD, treated or not, with CS drugs before age 18. Method: A clinical population of men (N = 343) and women (N = 129) seeking CS treatment as adults was assessed within a specific program for such treatment. Clinical information and data collected by structured instruments were available. Results: Previously CS-treated persons had a lower frequency of problems (alcohol/substance abuse, criminality), and of certain psychiatric disorders (depressive, anxiety and personality ones). Most differences were substantial. Conclusion: The study supports the assumption that CS treatment during childhood/adolescence offers some protection against the development of a range of problems known to characterize adult ADHD patients.
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| 10. |
- Rasmussen, Kirsten, et al.
(författare)
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Untreated ADHD in Adults Are There Sex Differences in Symptoms, Comorbidity, and Impairment?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 12:4, s. 353-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To analyze sex differences among adult, never-treated patients referred for central stimulant treatment of ADHD. Method: Data for 600 consecutive patients from northern Norway referred for evaluation by an expert team during 7 years were analyzed. General background information, diagnostic and social history, and symptom profiles were compared between previously never-treated men and women. Results: The sex ratio was skewed. Of the previously untreated patients, more than 20% fell outside society's ordinary vocational activities or social benefit system. Most patients had the combined form, one third the inattentive type, and only 2% the hyperactive/impulsive subtype. Abuse and criminality were more common among men, and affective, eating, and somatization disorders were more common among women. Otherwise few sex differences were found. Conclusion: AD/HD symptom intensity and subtypes did not differ between the sexes and was to age. Symptom intensity was linked with criminality, abuse, and other psychiatric problems, differentially for two sexes. (J. of Att. Dis. 2009; 12(4) 353-360)
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