| 1. |
- Abdolmaleki, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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Exploration of IOCG Mineralizations Using Integration of Space-Borne Remote Sensing Data with Airborne Geophysical Data
- 2020
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Ingår i: XXIV ISPRS Congress, Commission III (Volume XLIII-B3-2020). - : International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS). ; , s. 9-16
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, remote sensing technologies are playing a significant role in mineral potential mapping. To optimize the exploration approach along with a cost-effective way, narrow down the target areas for a more detailed study for mineral exploration using suitable data selection and accurate data processing approaches are crucial. To establish optimum procedures by integrating space-borne remote sensing data with other earth sciences data (e.g., airborne magnetic and electromagnetic) for exploration of Iron Oxide Copper Gold (IOCG) mineralization is the objective of this study. Further, the project focus is to test the effectiveness of Copernicus Sentinel-2 data in mineral potential mapping from the high Arctic region. Thus, Inglefield Land from northwest Greenland has been chosen as a study area to evaluate the developed approach. The altered minerals, including irons and clays, were mapped utilizing Sentinel-2 data through band ratio and principal component analysis (PCA) methods. Lineaments of the study area were extracted from Sentinel-2 data using directional filters. Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were used for classification and analysing the available data. Further, various thematic maps (e.g., geological, geophysical, geochemical) were prepared from the study area. Finally, a mineral prospectively map was generated by integrating the above mentioned information using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The prepared potential map for IOCG mineralization using the above approach of Inglefield Land shows a good agreement with the previous geological field studies.
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| 2. |
- Alakangas, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Min-North : Development, Evaluation and Optimization of Measures to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Mining Activities in Northern Regions
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Min-North (Development, Evaluation and Optimization of Measures to Reduce the Environment Impact of Mining Activities in Northern Regions) project was a trans-national cooperative project, with participants from the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), University of Oulu (UO), UiT The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Luleå University of Technology (LTU) and SMEs from Sweden, Finland and Norway. The project was funded by Interreg Nord and Norrbottens länsstyrelse. The participants have expertise in mine waste management, mine water treatment and geophysics. The overall aim of the project was to enhance the development of environmental protection technologies. An associated goal was to deepen cross-border cooperation by creating a larger critical mass of researchers in mine waste management and local SMEs in the Northern regions with greater capacities to disseminate and implement new methods, products and services. The project ran for 36 months from the 1st of January 2016 to the end of December 2018.
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| 3. |
- Appel, Peter W.Uitterdijk, et al.
(författare)
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Unusual features caused by lightning impact in West Greenland
- 2006
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Ingår i: Geological Magazine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0016-7568 .- 1469-5081. ; 143:5, s. 737-741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two lightning impacts are described from an area near the Inland Ice in West Greenland. The first lightning blasted an outcrop of metacherts. It subsequently split into two branches, which traversed rock outcrops and boulders, leaving behind two white almost straight lines, 30 m and 14 m long, respectively, where all lichens and plants were burned away. On the white lines the upper few millimetres of the traversed boulders were melted to a glass which subsequently peeled off by thermal expansion to leave a rough surface. Magnetic investigation of an amphibolite boulder found on the white line showed that a strong electric current indeed traversed the boulder. A few years later a second lightning impacted on a mountaintop close to the first impact. The second lightning left a trail on the rock surface covered by a thin layer of glass. The glass displays spectacular colours ranging from metallic blue to red, yellow and green.
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| 4. |
- Ask, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The Innovative Exploration Drilling and Data Acquisition Research School
- 2021
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Ingår i: NSG2021 27th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. - : European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Innovative Exploration Drilling and Data Acquisition Research School (I-EDDA-RS) is aimed at educating emerging scientists and engineers in on-site drilling and geoscientific investigation technology for mining. I-EDDA-RS consists if a consortium of scientists and specialists from six universities and research institutes in Germany and Sweden. A central component of the research school is that the courses have hands-on components at drill sites, boreholes and repositories. In addition, a course on entrepreneurial skills required in the exploration industry is also included in I-EDDA-RS. The arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in altered plans. Instead of offering ten courses with strong field work, practical, and entrepreneurial components during 2020, four courses via distant learning were offered. While this was disappointing in many aspects, two of the courses attracted a larger group of students from a wider part of the world than original envisioned. Outreach via on-line and open webinars is also a route to explore, as a complement to meetings and conferences in real life. The I-EDDA-RS courses in 2021 welcomes students at MSc & PhD level, as well as experienced professionals for lifelong learning (c.f. https://www.iedda.eu/rs). The form and type of teaching is to be determined.
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| 5. |
- Basokur, Ahmet Tuǧrul, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of induced polarization and controlled-source audio-magnetotellurics methods for massive chalcopyrite exploration in a volcanic area
- 1997
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Ingår i: Geophysics. - : Society of Exploration Geophysicists. - 0016-8033 .- 1942-2156. ; 62:4, s. 1087-1096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we compare and contrast the results of field experiments with the dipole-dipole-induced polarization (IP) and controlled-source audio-magnetotellurics (CSAMT) methods, along the same survey profiles, at a test area that was subject to extensive drilling and detailed geological investigation. The ore bodies are interbedded between two series of dacitic tuff. The depth and thickness of the massive chalcopyrite-pyritesphalerite body vary between 25 and 100 m and 0.5 and 16 m, respectively. Resistivity and IP phase measurements on the core samples collected from the test area provide some idea of the relative differences between the background rock units and the target. The resistivity of the chalcopyrite samples varies between 0.6 to 2 ohm-m and provides sufficient resistivity contrast with surrounding volcanic rock units for target detection. The results of dipole-dipole IP profiling with a 50-m dipole length conducted along two profiles are presented in the form of apparent resistivity and phase pseudosections. CSAMT measurements were made at 13 frequencies from 2 Hz to 8192 Hz along three profiles. The receiver dipole length was 25 m. The CSAMT data are presented in the form of pseudosections using conventional and new definitions of apparent resistivity. The elliptical contours of low apparent resistivity generated by the transition-field notch can be misleading with respect to the real anomaly of the ore body. These artificial anomaly patterns are suppressed by making use of an alternative apparent resistivity definition derived from the frequency-normalized impedance. The qualitative interpretation based on the IP and CSAMT pseudosections shows that the location and the extension of the ore body are indicated better in the CSAMT apparent resistivity data computed from the alternative definition. The qualitative interpretation of the IP data is difficult because of the 3-D effect arising from the neighboring thicker parts of the ore body and pyrite particles within the basement. At the final stage, the far-field range of the CSAMT apparent resistivity and phase data is identified by the visual inspection of the individual sounding diagrams. The models derived from the 2-D Occam inversion carried out on the far-field data are compared with the drill-hole information and are found to describe the actual geological situation.
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| 6. |
- Bedini, Enton, et al.
(författare)
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Use of airborne hyperspectral and gamma-ray spectroscopy data for mineral exploration at the Sarfartoq carbonatite complex, southern West Greenland
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geosciences Journal. - : Springer. - 1226-4806 .- 1598-7477. ; 22:4, s. 641-651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sarfartoq carbonatite complex occurs in the transition zone between Archaean and Paleoproterozoic gneisses in southern West Greenland. The Sarfartoq carbonatite complex hosts ore deposits and occurrences of rare earth elements and niobium. In this study, airborne HyMap hyperspectral imagery and coincident airborne gamma-ray spectroscopy data were analysed for mineral exploration of Sarfartoq carbonatite complex. The study area included the carbonatite core zone and a hydrothermally altered shear zone prospective for rare earth elements mineralization in the southern margin of the carbonatite complex. The analysis of the hyperspectral imagery was focused on the mapping of the spatial distribution of carbonatite, fenite and limonite. Significant anomalies of uranium, thorium and potassium were outlined from the gamma-ray spectroscopy data. Decision trees were used to combine the results from the hyperspectral image analysis and airborne gamma-ray spectroscopy. Significant anomalies of thorium at the hydrothermally altered shear zone coinciding with the presence of carbonatite rocks are generally indicative of outcropping rare earth element mineralization. The study indicates the benefits of coincident airborne hyperspectral and gamma-ray spectroscopy surveys for the mineral exploration of carbonatite complexes.
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| 7. |
- Belay, R., et al.
(författare)
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One‐dimensional non‐linear inversion of magnetotelluric data : the importance of data errorrs
- 1995
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Ingår i: Geophysical Prospecting. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0016-8025 .- 1365-2478. ; 43:7, s. 905-918
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inversion of noisy magnetotelluric data over a horizontally stratified earth has no unique solution. Instead, the resistivities and thicknesses of the layers can only be specified to lie within certain bounds at a particular confidence level. The significance of having correctly estimated data errors when calculating the parameters and parameter bounds is discussed. Emphasis is put on the very corrunon problem of not being able to obtain models which can be considered acceptable with a reasonable certainty from a statistical point of view. A method is presented to obtain a pragmatic data error description by adjustment of wrongly estimated data errors while keeping the suppression of 1D data features at a minimum. A comparison is made between calculation of the parameter bounds based on approximating the confidence surface by hyperellipsoids and a calculation based on a full non‐linear most‐squares analysis. In general it is found that the approximation works very well when the confidence limit is small. However, significant deviations are found in some cases.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Brethes, Anaïs, et al.
(författare)
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3D-Modelling of the Early Triassic Base-Metal Mineralized Syn-Rift Sequence in the Jameson Land Basin (East Greenland)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Mineral Resources in a Sustainable World. - 9782855550664 ; , s. 1701-1704
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Jameson Land Basin in central East Greenland is mineralized in Pb, Zn and Cu. Mineralization occurs in several stratigraphic horizons and along structures in Upper Permian and Triassic sediments. A good understanding of the basin architecture and evolution is therefore essential for mineral exploration in this area. 3D-Photomapping from high resolution aerial photos along with a structural interpretation of aeromagnetic data, electromagnetic data, and results from fieldwork and drilling were integrated into a 3D-structural model. This data integration allowed modelling the rift architecture in the eastern margin of the Jameson Land Basin.
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| 10. |
- Brethes, Anaïs
(författare)
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An integrated study of geological, magnetic and electromagnetic data for mineral exploration in the Jameson Land Basin, central East Greenland
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Jameson Land Basin, located in central East Greenland, initiated in Devonian time with the collapse of the over-thickened Caledonian Orogen. The basin developed during different phases of rifting from the late Paleozoic to the Mesozoic and has accumulated between 16-18 km of sediments. In Paleogene time, the basin was affected by intense magmatism due to the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean c. 55 Ma ago. Due to a significant uplift in Miocene time, the sedimentary sequence is well exposed along the basin margins, revealing numerous mineral occurrences hosted within almost the entire stratigraphic succession. The major types of mineralization comprise: (1) intrusion-related Mo (± Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag) mineralization associated with Paleogene intrusive complexes; (2) stratabound and/or stratiform Cu, Pb, Zn, (Ag) within Upper Permian and Triassic clastic and marine sedimentary formations; (3) stratabound and structurally controlled Pb-Zn, Cu, Ba, (Sr) mineralization in Upper Permian carbonates; and (4) structurally-controlled Pb, Zn, Cu (±Sb, Bi, Ag, Au) vein-type mineralization within Caledonian and Paleozoic rocks.It is well acknowledged that structures such as faults, thrusts, detachments, shear zones and associated fracture systems play an important role as fluid conduits connecting metal sources and sites of mineral precipitation. In particular, previous studies showed that mineral occurrences within the East Greenland Caledonides are closely related to lineaments and intrusions. In this context, the Crusmid-3D project was initiated in 2014, aiming at establishing the links between the crustal structures and the mineral occurrences in the Jameson Land Basin using a combination of geological and geophysical data. The interest for mineral exploration in the area led exploration companies and institutions to carry out magnetic and electromagnetic surveys, and the data derived from these constitute the base of this study.This thesis provides a detailed structural interpretation of aeromagnetic data in the Jameson Land Basin where several magnetic trends associated with Tertiary dikes and sills as well as with reactivated Paleozoic and Triassic faults were delineated. These data, in combination with a literature review and compilation of the mineral occurrences in the Jameson Land Basin, allowed highlighting seven prospective areas for structurally-controlled base metal mineralization.New structural data from geological fieldwork, drilling results and geophysical data (magnetic, electromagnetic and seismic data) along the eastern margin of the basin allowed a new interpretation of the geometry of the Triassic rift in East Greenland, represented by NE-SW-trending basins and highs segmented by NW-SE-trending transfer zones. It can be correlated with its European conjugate margin, displaying analogies with the Triassic Froan and Helgeland Basins in the Norwegian offshore and with the Papa and West Shetlands Basins north of the Shetland Islands.The proposed structural model of the Triassic rift was further investigated using 3D-geologically-constrained inversion of magnetic data in order to refine the architecture of the eastern margin of the Jameson Land Basin. Modelling results confirmed the presence of a shallow westward dipping peneplained crystalline basement in the southern part of the area while the northern part is characterized by faulted blocks, which accommodated relatively thick red bed sedimentary sequences, thereby representing a good potential source of base metals.Furthermore, Induced Polarization (IP) effects observed in airborne time-domain electromagnetic data acquired in the eastern margin of the basin were investigated using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). The analysis of the shape and amplitude of the transient response curves using the SOM allowed identifying four areas where the transient curve patterns exhibit strong IP effects. These are shown to be collocated with Tertiary sills and dikes, clay-altered rocks as well as with a sulfide-bearing brecciated granite and with Triassic stratigraphic horizons hosting disseminated base metal sulfides.
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