| 1. |
- Rathje, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
DisruptaBLE: Opportunistic BLE Networking
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - Conference on Local Computer Networks, LCN. ; , s. 165-172
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is the prevalent IoT radio technology and perfectly suited for mobile and battery-driven applications. However, it is not designed for intermittent connectivity and opportunistic networking. Hence, the vast infrastructure that BLE-equipped devices such as smartphones, wearables, and sensors provide, remains untapped, even with its potential for data collection, sharing, or emergency communication in disaster scenarios. This paper introduces DISRUPTABLE to unfold this potential: A universal BLE-based store-and-forward architecture for delay-tolerant and opportunistic networking. Tailored to the resource constraints of IoT nodes and the feature set of BLE, DISRUPTABLE enables opportunistic interactions between BLE-equipped devices, providing a resilient network even when established communication over cellular networks or Wi-Fi fails. In our evaluation, we show that in a highly dynamic pedestrian scenario in downtown Stockholm, broadcasts reliably inform pedestrians in 7.1 seconds, while unicast messages arrive within 20 minutes in 48.1% of cases.
|
|
| 2. |
- Rathje, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
Poster: Exposure notification at hand
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks. - 2562-2331. ; 2021
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contact tracing is a tool for controlling infectious disease outbreaks. To foster widespread adoption, established tracing protocols focus on smartphone users. As a result, user groups who cannot afford a compatible smartphone cannot carry it continuously are left out. This work introduces the Contact Tracing Wristband (CWB) and its integration into Google and Apple’s Exposure Notification protocol. The wristband’s low-cost and versatility bring tracing to additional users and thus enhance the efficacy of tracing.
|
|
| 3. |
- Rathje, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
Poster: Trace yourself-it could be easy
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks. - 2562-2331. ; 2021
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contact tracing helps to predict and prevent the spread of viruses. This work proposes Tracey for decentralized, privacy-preserving tracing. Unlike automated tracing solutions that operate in the background, such as the widespread governmental Corona Tracing Apps, our system builds on manual contact exchanges to ensure reliable contact tracing even for groups and venues. The devices share secrets that allow anonymous notifications using the health authorities’ trusted database. This work illustrates the concept, provides initial security analysis, first results, and gives an outlook on possible extensions.
|
|
| 4. |
- Rathje, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
STARC: Decentralized Coordination Primitive on Low-Power IoT Devices for Autonomous Intersection Management
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. - 2224-2708. ; 12:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless communication is an essential element within Intelligent Transportation Systems and motivates new approaches to intersection management, allowing safer and more efficient road usage. With lives at stake, wireless protocols should be readily available and guarantee safe coordination for all involved traffic participants, even in the presence of radio failures. This work introduces STARC, a coordination primitive for safe, decentralized resource coordination. Using STARC, traffic participants can safely coordinate at intersections despite unreliable radio environments and without a central entity or infrastructure. Unlike other methods that require costly and energy-consuming platforms, STARC utilizes affordable and efficient Internet of Things devices that connect cars, bicycles, electric scooters, pedestrians, and cyclists. For communication, STARC utilizes low-power IEEE 802.15.4 radios and Synchronous Transmissions for multi-hop communication. In addition, the protocol provides distributed transaction, election, and handover mechanisms for decentralized, thus cost-efficient, deployments. While STARC’s coordination remains resource-agnostic, this work presents and evaluates STARC in a roadside scenario. Our simulations have shown that using STARC at intersections leads to safer and more efficient vehicle coordination. We found that average waiting times can be reduced by up to 50% compared to using a fixed traffic light schedule in situations with fewer than 1000 vehicles per hour. Additionally, we design platooning on top of STARC, improving scalability and outperforming static traffic lights even at traffic loads exceeding 1000 vehicles per hour.
|
|
| 5. |
- Rathje, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
STARC: Low-power Decentralized Coordination Primitive for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium 2020: Management in the Age of Softwarization and Artificial Intelligence, NOMS 2020.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intersections are the bottlenecks of road networks. Coordination mechanisms for intersection crossing greatly affect the efficiency of road utilization. Typically, coordination is done by implanting local infrastructure, whether signs, traffic lights, or through common, well known-rules shared by all users. In this paper, we introduce STARC, a decentralized intersection management protocol for future connected vehicles and other traffic participants. With STARC, all participants coordinate their movement using reservations to guarantee safe crossings. To enable cost-efficient deployment, STARC does neither rely on any centralized infrastructure, such as traffic lights, nor centralized wireless intersection coordinators, like virtual traffic lights. STARC targets small, cheap, and energy-efficient platforms and the open low-power wireless standard 802.15.4 so that all participants in road traffic could take advantage of it, including vehicles, bikes, electric scooters, and even pedestrians. STARC builds on low-power wireless communication with A2-Synchrotron and multi-hop routing as a communication substrate and provides distributed transaction, election, and handover mechanisms to manage the intersection cooperatively. We show that STARC reduces average waiting times by up to 50% compared to a fixed traffic light schedule in traffic volumes with less than 1000 vehicles per hour. Moreover, we illustrate a platoon extension that allows STARC to outperform traffic lights even at traffic loads beyond 1000 vehicles per hour.
|
|
| 6. |
- Rathje, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
TraceBand: Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing on Low-Power Wristbands
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks. - 2562-2331.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- TraceBand is a low-power and versatile wristband for contact tracing during pandemic outbreaks. Running on a 64 MHz Cortex-M4 microprocessor with 256 KB of memory, TraceBand targets a low-cost design. Still, it seamlessly integrates into the smartphone-based tracing, extending the reach and, therefore, the effectiveness of the Exposure Notification protocol by Google and Apple. As the wristband is restricted to Bluetooth Low Energy for tracing and communication, companion devices and gateways serve as synchronization points and allow the device to offload the recorded contacts for an off-device risk analysis or download the information of infected contacts to perform the risk analysis on the device itself. The presented design ensures compatibility from the ground up and tackles occurring challenges due to resource reduction. Evaluations cover the applicability and energy consumption of the Exposure Notification protocol on resource-constrained devices and the on-device identification of risk contacts. The results show that the contact exchange suits battery-driven, resource-constrained devices, as TraceBand requires 2 mAh per day. At the expanse of battery life, up to 5,000,000 risk keys can be checked on the device daily, increasing consumption to roughly 80 mAh for a single day.
|
|
