| 1. |
- Don-Doncow, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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Simvastatin therapy attenuates memory deficits that associate with brain monocyte infiltration in chronic hypercholesterolemia
- 2021
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Ingår i: npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2056-3973. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence associates cardiovascular risk factors with unfavorable systemic and neuro-inflammation and cognitive decline in the elderly. Cardiovascular therapeutics (e.g., statins and anti-hypertensives) possess immune-modulatory functions in parallel to their cholesterol- or blood pressure (BP)-lowering properties. How their ability to modify immune responses affects cognitive function is unknown. Here, we examined the effect of chronic hypercholesterolemia on inflammation and memory function in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice and normocholesterolemic wild-type mice. Chronic hypercholesterolemia that was accompanied by moderate blood pressure elevations associated with apparent immune system activation characterized by increases in circulating pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes in ApoE-/- mice. The persistent low-grade immune activation that is associated with chronic hypercholesterolemia facilitates the infiltration of pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes into the brain of aged ApoE-/- but not wild-type mice, and links to memory dysfunction. Therapeutic cholesterol-lowering through simvastatin reduced systemic and neuro-inflammation, and the occurrence of memory deficits in aged ApoE-/- mice with chronic hypercholesterolemia. BP-lowering therapy alone (i.e., hydralazine) attenuated some neuro-inflammatory signatures but not the occurrence of memory deficits. Our study suggests a link between chronic hypercholesterolemia, myeloid cell activation and neuro-inflammation with memory impairment and encourages cholesterol-lowering therapy as safe strategy to control hypercholesterolemia-associated memory decline during ageing.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Engelbertsen, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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IL-1R and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells promote Th17 immunity and atherosclerosis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0008-6363 .- 1755-3245. ; 114:1, s. 180-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis has been shown to be dependent on cytokine cues that regulate lineage commitment into mature T helper sub-sets. In this study, we tested the roles of IL-1R1 and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis. Methods and results We transferred apoe-/-myd88\+/\+ or apoe-/-myd88-/- CD4+ T cells to T-A nd B-cell-deficient rag1-/-apoe-/- mice fed high fat diet. Mice given apoe-/-myd88-/- CD4+ T cells exhibited reduced atherosclerosis compared with mice given apoe-/-myd88\+/\+ CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells from apoe-/-myd88-/- produced less IL-17 but similar levels of IFN-c. Treatment of human CD4+ T cells with a MyD88 inhibitor inhibited IL-17 secretion in vitro. Transfer of il1r1-/- CD4+ T cells recapitulated the phenotype seen by transfer of myd88-/- CD4+ T cells with reduced lesion development and a reduction in Th17 and IL-17 production compared with wild type CD4+ T cell recipients. Relative collagen content of lesions was reduced in mice receiving il1r1-/- CD4+ T cells. Conclusion We demonstrate that both IL1R and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells promote Th17 immunity, plaque growth and may regulate plaque collagen levels.
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| 4. |
- Engelbertsen, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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IL-23R deficiency does not impact atherosclerotic plaque development in mice
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 7:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background--Interleukin-23 (IL-23) has been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases by skewing CD4+ T helper cells towards a pathogenic Th17 phenotype. In this study we investigated the presence of IL-23 receptor (IL-23R)-expressing cells in the atherosclerotic aorta and evaluated the effect of IL-23R deficiency on atherosclerosis development in mice. Methods and Results--We used heterozygous Ldlr-/-Il23reGFP/WT knock-in mice to identify IL-23R-expressing cells by flow cytometry and homozygous Ldlr-/-Il23reGFP/eGFP (Ldlr-/- Il23r-/-) mice to investigate the effect of lack of IL-23R in atherosclerosis. We demonstrate the presence of relatively rare IL-23R-expressing cells in lymphoid tissue and aorta (≈0.1-1% IL23R+ cells of all CD45+ leukocytes). After 10 weeks on a high-fat diet, production of IL-17, but not interferon-c, by CD4+ T cells and other lymphocytes was reduced in Ldlr-/- Il23r-/- compared with Ldlr-/-controls. However, Ldlr-/- and Ldlr-/-Il23r-/- mice had equivalent amounts of aortic sinus and descending aorta lesions. Adoptive transfer of IL-23R-deficient CD4+ T cells to lymphopenic Ldlr-/-Rag1-/- resulted in dramatically reduced IL-17-producing T cells but did not reduce atherosclerosis, compared with transfer of IL-23R-sufficient CD4+ T cells. Conclusions--These data demonstrate that loss of IL-23R does not affect development of experimental atherosclerosis in LDLrdeficient mice, despite a role for IL-23 in differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells.
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| 5. |
- Engelbertsen, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Increased lymphocyte activation and atherosclerosis in CD47-deficient mice
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CD47, also known as integrin-associated protein (IAP), is a transmembrane protein with multiple biological functions including regulation of efferocytosis and leukocyte trafficking. In this study we investigated the effect of CD47-deficiency on atherosclerosis using a model of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-induced hypercholesterolemia. We observed increased plaque formation in CD47 null mice compared to wild-type controls. Loss of CD47 caused activation of dendritic cells, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, indicating an important role for CD47 in regulating immunity. In particular, Cd47 deficiency increased the proportion of IFN-γ producing CD90+ NK cells. Treatment with depleting anti-NK1.1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), but not depleting anti-CD4/CD8 mAbs, equalized atherosclerotic burden, suggesting NK cells were involved in the enhanced disease in Cd47 deficient mice. Additional studies revealed that levels of CD90+ and IFN-γ+ NK cells were expanded in atherosclerotic aorta and that CD90+ NK cells produce more IFN-γ than CD90- NK cells. Finally, we demonstrate that anti-CD47 (MIAP410) causes splenomegaly and activation of DCs and T cells, without affecting NK cell activation. In summary, we demonstrate that loss of CD47 causes increased lymphocyte activation that results in increased atherosclerosis.
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| 6. |
- Engelbertsen, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of T helper 2 responses against human Apolipoprotein B100 does not affect atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1755-3245 .- 0008-6363.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immune responses against LDL antigens have been found to play an important modulatory role in atherosclerosis. Immunization with homologous oxidized LDL, as well as human apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB)-derived peptides, inhibit atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic animal models of atherosclerosis. However, the role of antigen-specific Th2 responses in atherosclerosis remains to be fully clarified.
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| 7. |
- Fields, James K., et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies targeting the shared cytokine receptor IL-1 receptor accessory protein invoke distinct mechanisms to block all cytokine signaling
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - 2211-1247.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin-1 (IL-1)-family cytokines are potent modulators of inflammation, coordinating a vast array of immunological responses across innate and adaptive immune systems. Dysregulated IL-1-family cytokine signaling, however, is involved in a multitude of adverse health effects, such as chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Within the IL-1 family of cytokines, six—IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ—require the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) as their shared co-receptor. Common features of cytokine signaling include redundancy of signaling pathways, sharing of cytokines and receptors, pleiotropy of the cytokines themselves, and multifaceted immune responses. Accordingly, targeting multiple cytokines simultaneously is an emerging therapeutic strategy and can provide advantages over targeting a single cytokine pathway. Here, we show that two monoclonal antibodies, CAN10 and 3G5, which target IL-1RAcP for broad blockade of all associated cytokines, do so through distinct mechanisms and provide therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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| 8. |
- Knutsson, Anki, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment with a GnRH receptor agonist, but not the GnRH receptor antagonist degarelix, induces atherosclerotic plaque instability in ApoE-/- mice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer has been associated with increased risk for development of cardiovascular events and recent pooled analyses of randomized intervention trials suggest that this primarily is the case for patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) agonists. In the present study we investigated the effects of the GnRH-R agonist leuprolide and the GnRH-R antagonist degarelix on established atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice. A shear stress modifier was used to produce both advanced and more stable plaques in the carotid artery. After 4 weeks of ADT, increased areas of necrosis was observed in stable plaques from leuprolide-treated mice (median and IQR plaque necrotic area in control, degarelix and leuprolide-treated mice were 0.6% (IQR 0-3.1), 0.2% (IQR 0-4.4) and 11.0% (IQR 1.0-19.8), respectively). There was also evidence of increased inflammation as assessed by macrophage immunohistochemistry in the plaques from leuprolide-treated mice, but we found no evidence of such changes in plaques from control mice or mice treated with degarelix. Necrosis destabilizes plaques and increases the risk for rupture and development of acute cardiovascular events. Destabilization of pre-existing atherosclerotic plaques could explain the increased cardiovascular risk in prostate cancer patients treated with GnRH-R agonists.
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