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- Isidor, Bertrand, et al.
(författare)
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Mesomelia-Synostoses Syndrome Results from Deletion of SULF1 and SLCO5A1 Genes at 8q13
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 87:1, s. 95-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mesomelia-synostoses syndrome (MSS) or mesomelic dysplasia with acral synostoses Verloes-David-Pfeiffer type is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by mesomelic limb shortening, acral synostoses, and multiple congenital malformations. So far, five patients in four unrelated families have been reported worldwide with MMS. By using whole-genome oligonucleotide array CGH, we have identified an interstitial deletion at 8q13 in all patients. The deletions vary from 582 Kb to 738 Kb in size, but invariably encompass only two genes: SULF1, encoding the heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase 1, and SLCO5A1, encoding the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 5A1. SULF1 acts as a regulator of numerous growth factors in skeletal embryonic development whereas the function of SLCO5A1 is yet unknown. Breakpoint sequence analyses performed in two families showed nonrecurrent deletions. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed the highest levels of SULF1 transcripts in human osteoblasts and cartilage whereas SLCO5A1 was highly expressed in human fetal and adult brain and heart. Our results strongly suggest that haploinsufficiency of SULF1 contributes to this mesomelic chondrodysplasia, highlighting the critical role of endosulfatase in human skeletal development. Codeletion of SULF1 and SLCO5A1-which does not result from a low-copy repeats (LCRs)-mediated recombination event in at least two families-was found in all patients, so we suggest that haploinsufficiency of SULF1 combined with haploinsufficiency of SLCO5A1 (or the altered expression of a neighboring gene through position effect) could be necessary in the pathogenesis of MSS.
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- Rodriguez-Palmero, Agusti, et al.
(författare)
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DLG4-related synaptopathy : a new rare brain disorder
- 2021
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Ingår i: Genetics in Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1098-3600 .- 1530-0366. ; 23:5, s. 888-899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposePostsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), encoded by DLG4, regulates excitatory synaptic function in the brain. Here we present the clinical and genetic features of 53 patients (42 previously unpublished) with DLG4 variants.MethodsThe clinical and genetic information were collected through GeneMatcher collaboration. All the individuals were investigated by local clinicians and the gene variants were identified by clinical exome/genome sequencing.ResultsThe clinical picture was predominated by early onset global developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder, all of which point to a brain disorder. Marfanoid habitus, which was previously suggested to be a characteristic feature of DLG4-related phenotypes, was found in only nine individuals and despite some overlapping features, a distinct facial dysmorphism could not be established. Of the 45 different DLG4 variants, 39 were predicted to lead to loss of protein function and the majority occurred de novo (four with unknown origin). The six missense variants identified were suggested to lead to structural or functional changes by protein modeling studies.ConclusionThe present study shows that clinical manifestations associated with DLG4 overlap with those found in other neurodevelopmental disorders of synaptic dysfunction; thus, we designate this group of disorders as DLG4-related synaptopathy.
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- Wentzel, Christian, 1976-
(författare)
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Molecular and Clinical Characterization of Syndromes Associated With Intellectual Disability
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1-3% of the population and is defined as having an IQ below 70 as well as a significant limitation in adaptive behavior.The implementation of chromosomal microarrays (CMA) into the field of clinical genetics has revolutionized the ability to find genetic aberrations responsible for different genetic disorders. Importantly. these technologies have allowed several new microdeletion and microduplication aberrations to be identified that otherwise would have escaped detection using more conventional methods. Finding the genetic etiology of a syndrome and its association to the phenotype is paramount to better health care, provision of tailored therapy, presymptomatic screening, accurate prognosis, recurrence risk evaluation and in some cases prenatal testing.Despite the plethora of new information available, there are still a number of clinical and genetic features we do not fully understand.The aim of this work was to identify regions and syndromes associated with ID by CMA analysis and to make a detailed clinical description of the affected patients’ phenotype.In paper I we studied the 22q11.2 duplication syndrome and presented two familial cases with a description of both their genotype and phenotype. Additionally, 36 cases harboring the duplication were reviewed to further delineate the phenotype of the syndrome.In paper II, we revealed two unrelated patients with a deletion at 6q14.1-q15 and a distinct phenotype. Together with one previously reported patient our study suggests that a novel, clinically recognizable microdeletion syndrome exists in these patients.In paper III the phenotype and genotype of six unrelated patients with partially overlapping microdeletions at 10p12.31-p11.21 were described. Taken together with a previously reported patient we propose that these findings represent a new contiguous gene syndrome.In paper IV, two sisters; one presenting with two tandem interstitial duplications and the other a large deletion over the same region (6q13-q16) were reported. The reason for the CNVs was a maternal de novo translocation. This is the first case describing the genotype and phenotype of this duplicated region at 6q13-q16.In conclusion, four different genetic aberrations involved in the etiology of ID and their corresponding phenotypes and candidate genes have been characterized.
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