| 1. |
- Järlskog, Ida, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Concentrations of tire wear microplastics and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles in the road environment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tire wear particles (TWP) are assumed to be one of the major sources of microplastic pollution to the environment. However, many of the previously published studies are based on theoretical estimations rather than field measurements. To increase the knowledge regarding actual environmental concentrations, samples were collected and analyzed from different matrices in a rural highway environment to characterize and quantify TWP and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles. The sampled matrices included road dust (from kerb and in-between wheeltracks), runoff (water and sediment), and air. In addition, airborne deposition was determined in a transect with increasing distance from the road. Two sieved size fractions (2–20 µm and 20–125 µm) were analyzed by automated Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) single particle analysis and classified with a machine learning algorithm into the following subclasses: TWP, bitumen wear particles (BiWP), road markings, reflecting glass beads, metals, minerals, and biogenic/organic particles. The relative particle number concentrations (%) showed that the runoff contained the highest proportion of TWP (up to 38 %). The share of TWP in kerb samples tended to be higher than BiWP. However, a seasonal increase of BiWP was observed in coarse (20–125 µm) kerb samples during winter, most likely reflecting studded tire use. The concentration of the particle subclasses within airborne PM80-1 decreases with increasing distance from the road, evidencing road traffic as the main emission source. The results confirm that road dust and the surrounding environment contain traffic-derived microplastics in both size fractions. The finer fraction (2–20 µm) dominated (by mass, volume, and number) in all sample matrices. These particles have a high potential to be transported in water and air far away from the source and can contribute to the inhalable particle fraction (PM10) in air. This highlights the importance of including also finer particle fractions in future investigations.
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| 2. |
- Järlskog, Ida, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiating and Quantifying Carbonaceous (Tire, Bitumen, and Road Marking Wear) and Non-carbonaceous (Metals, Minerals, and Glass Beads) Non-exhaust Particles in Road Dust Samples from a Traffic Environment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 233:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tires, bitumen, and road markings are important sources of traffic-derived carbonaceous wear particles and microplastic (MP) pollution. In this study, we further developed a machine-learning algorithm coupled to an automated scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analytical approach to classify and quantify the relative number of the following subclasses contained in environmental road dust: tire wear particles (TWP), bitumen wear particles (BiWP), road markings, reflecting glass beads, metallics, minerals, and biogenic/organics. The method is non-destructive, rapid, repeatable, and enables information about the size, shape, and elemental composition of particles 2-125 mu m. The results showed that the method enabled differentiation between TWP and BiWP for particles > 20 mu m with satisfying results. Furthermore, the relative number concentration of the subclasses was similar in both analyzed size fractions (2-20 mu m and 20-125 mu m), with minerals as the most dominant subclass (2-20 mu m x = 78%, 20-125 mu m x = 74%) followed by tire and bitumen wear particles, TBiWP, (2-20 mu m x = 19%, 20-125 mu m x = 22%). Road marking wear, glass beads, and metal wear contributed to x = 1%, x = 0.1%, and x = 1% in the 2-20-mu m fraction and to x = 0.5%, x = 0.2%, and x = 0.4% in the 20-125-mu m fraction. The present results show that road dust appreciably consists of TWP and BiWP within both the coarse and the fine size fraction. The study delivers quantitative evidence of the importance of tires, bitumen, road marking, and glass beads besides minerals and metals to wear particles and MP pollution in traffic environments based on environmental (real-world) samples
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| 3. |
- Rødland, Elisabeth S., et al.
(författare)
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Analytical challenges and possibilities for the quantification of tire-road wear particles
- 2023
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Ingår i: TrAC. Trends in analytical chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0165-9936 .- 1879-3142. ; 165:August
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As one of the largest sources of microplastic particle emissions, tire-road wear particle mixtures (TRWPs) pose a potentially high threat to various environmental compartments. Their heterogenous properties, from varying particle size, density, shape, texture, elemental and chemical composition, cause chal-lenging analytical workflows. Current analytical methods for TRWP can be summarized in two main groups: single-particle-based and bulk-based methods. Both groups include a large variation of methods, with different demands for sampling and sample pre-treatment, and different possible outputs. This review provides an overview of the current analytical methods used for TRWP studies and in particularly quantifications, with focus on methods that have been peer-reviewed and tested for environmental samples. The review presents current possibilities and limitations with the different analytical ap-proaches, as well as highlighting gaps in the current TRWP knowledge and information needed to move this research field forward.
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