| 1. |
- Datchi, F., et al.
(författare)
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Structure of liquid carbon dioxide at pressures up to 10 GPa
- 2016
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9950. ; 94:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The short-range structure of liquid carbon dioxide is investigated at pressures (P) up to 10 GPa and temperatures (T) from 300 to 709 K by means of x-ray diffraction experiments in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The molecular x-ray structure factor could be measured up to 90 nm(-1) thanks to the use of a multichannel collimator which filters out the large x-ray scattered signal from the diamond anvils. The experimental data show that the short-range structure of fluid CO2 is anisotropic and continuously changes from a low density to a high density form. The MD simulations are used to extract a detailed three-dimensional analysis of the short-range structure over the same P-T range as the experiment. This reveals that upon compression, a fraction of the molecules in the first-neighbor shell change orientation from the (distorted) T shape to the slipped parallel configuration, accounting for the observed structural changes. The local arrangement is found similar to that of the Pa (3) over bar solid at low density and to that of the Cmca crystal at high density. The comparison with other simple quadrupolar liquids, either diatomic (I-2) or triatomic (CS2), suggests that this structural evolution with density is a general one for these systems.
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| 2. |
- Eleonora Bove, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of salt on the H-bond symmetrization in ice
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 112:27, s. 8216-8220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The richness of the phase diagram of water reduces drastically at very high pressures where only two molecular phases, proton-disordered ice VII and proton-ordered ice VIII, are known. Both phases transform to the centered hydrogen bond atomic phase ice X above about 60 GPa, i.e., at pressures experienced in the interior of large ice bodies in the universe, such as Saturn and Neptune, where nonmolecular ice is thought to be the most abundant phase of water. In this work, we investigate, by Raman spectroscopy up to megabar pressures and ab initio simulations, how the transformation of ice VII in ice X is affected by the presence of salt inclusions in the ice lattice. Considerable amounts of salt can be included in ice VII structure under pressure via rock-ice interaction at depth and processes occurring during planetary accretion. Our study reveals that the presence of salt hinders proton order and hydrogen bond symmetrization, and pushes ice VII to ice X transformation to higher and higher pressures as the concentration of salt is increased.
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| 3. |
- Raza, Zamaan, et al.
(författare)
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Computer simulations of glasses : the potential energy landscape
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing: Hybrid Open Access. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 27:29, s. 293201-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the current state of research on glasses, discussing the theoretical background and computational models employed to describe them. This article focuses on the use of the potential energy landscape (PEL) paradigm to account for the phenomenology of glassy systems, and the way in which it can be applied in simulations and the interpretation of their results. This article provides a broad overview of the rich phenomenology of glasses, followed by a summary of the theoretical frameworks developed to describe this phenomonology. We discuss the background of the PEL in detail, the onerous task of how to generate computer models of glasses, various methods of analysing numerical simulations, and the literature on the most commonly used model systems. Finally, we tackle the problem of how to distinguish a good glass former from a good crystal former from an analysis of the PEL. In summarising the state of the potential energy landscape picture, we develop the foundations for new theoretical methods that allow the ab initio prediction of the glass- forming ability of new materials by analysis of the PEL.
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| 4. |
- Raza, Zamaan, et al.
(författare)
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First-principles calculations of properties of orthorhombic iron carbide Fe7C3 at the Earths core conditions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 91:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recently discovered phase of orthorhombic iron carbide o-Fe7C3 [Prescher et al., Nat. Geosci. 8, 220 (2015)] is assessed as a potentially important phase for interpretation of the properties of the Earths core. In this paper, we carry out first-principles calculations on o-Fe7C3, finding properties to be in broad agreement with recent experiments, including a high Poissons ratio (0.38). Our enthalpy calculations suggest that o-Fe7C3 is more stable than Eckstrom-Adcock hexagonal iron carbide (h-Fe7C3) below approximately 100 GPa. However, at 150 GPa, the two phases are essentially degenerate in terms of Gibbs free energy, and further increasing the pressure towards Earths core conditions stabilizes h-Fe7C3 with respect to the orthorhombic phase. Increasing the temperature tends to stabilize the hexagonal phase at 360 GPa, but this trend may change beyond the limit of the quasiharmonic approximation.
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| 5. |
- Shulumba, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Anharmonicity changes the solid solubility of an alloy at high temperatures
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We have developed a method to accurately and efficiently determine the vibrational free energy as a function of temperature and volume for substitutional alloys from first principles. Taking Ti1−xAlxN alloy as a model system, we calculate the isostructural phase diagram by finding the global minimum of the free energy, corresponding to the true equilibrium state of the system. We demonstrate that the anharmonic contribution and temperature dependence of the mixing enthalpy have a decisive impact on the calculated phase diagram of a Ti1−xAlxN alloy, lowering the maximum temperature for the miscibility gap from 6560 K to 2860 K. Our local chemical composition measurements on thermally aged Ti0.5Al0.5N alloys agree with the calculated phase diagram.
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| 6. |
- Shulumba, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of anharmonic effects on the phase stability, thermal transport, and electronic properties of AlN
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 94:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wurtzite aluminium nitride is a technologically important wide band gap semiconductor with an unusually high thermal conductivity, used in optical applications and as a heatsink substrate. Many of its properties depend on an accurate description of its lattice dynamics, which have thus far only been captured in the quasiharmonic approximation. In this work, we demonstrate that anharmonicity has a considerable impact on its phase stability and transport properties, since anharmonicity is much stronger in the rocksalt phase. We compute a pressure-temperature phase diagram of AlN, demonstrating that the rocksalt phase is stabilised by increasing temperature, with respect to the wurtzite phase. We demonstrate that including anharmonicity, we can recover the thermal conductivity of the wurtzite phase (320 Wm−1K−1 under ambient conditions), and compute the hitherto unknown thermal conductivity of the rocksalt phase (96 Wm−1K−1). We also show that the electronic band gap decreases with temperature. These findings provide further evidence that anharmonic effects cannot be ignored in high temperature applications.
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| 7. |
- Shulumba, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of vibrational free energy on the phase stability of alloys from first principles
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We have developed a method to accurately and efficiently determine the vibrational free energy as a function of temperature and pressure for substitutional alloys from first principles. Taking the example of the technologically important hard coating alloy Ti1-xAlxN as an example, we investigate the effect on the vibrational free energy of substituting Ti for other group IV elements. By constructing the phase diagrams for these three alloys, we show why Zr1-xAlxN and Hf1-xAlxN are so difficult to experimentally synthesise in a metastable solid solution: both have solubility regions that span only a small low-AlN concentration range at temperatures above 1500 K. Moreover, Hf1-xAlxN is dynamically unstable at low temperatures and across most of the concentration range. We also show the chemical and thermal expansion effects dominate mass disorder in the Gibbs free energy of mixing.
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| 8. |
- Shulumba, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Lattice Vibrations Change the Solid Solubility of an Alloy at High Temperatures
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 117:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop a method to accurately and efficiently determine the vibrational free energy as a function of temperature and volume for substitutional alloys from first principles. Taking Ti1-xAlxN alloy as a model system, we calculate the isostructural phase diagram by finding the global minimum of the free energy corresponding to the true equilibrium state of the system. We demonstrate that the vibrational contribution including anharmonicity and temperature dependence of the mixing enthalpy have a decisive impact on the calculated phase diagram of a Ti1-xAlxN alloy, lowering the maximum temperature for the miscibility gap from 6560 to 2860 K. Our local chemical composition measurements on thermally aged Ti0.5Al0.5N alloys agree with the calculated phase diagram.
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| 9. |
- Shulumba, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature-dependent elastic properties of Ti1−xAlxN alloys
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 107:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ti1−xAlxN is a technologically important alloy that undergoes a process of high temperature age-hardening that is strongly influenced by its elastic properties. We have performed first principles calculations of the elastic constants and anisotropy using the newly developed symmetry imposed force constant temperature dependent effective potential method, that include lattice vibrations and therefore the effects of temperature, including thermal expansion and intrinsic anharmonicity. These are compared with in situ high temperature x-ray diffraction measurements of the lattice parameter. We show that anharmonic effects are crucial to the recovery of finite temperature elasticity. The effects of thermal expansion and intrinsic anharmonicity on the elastic constants are of the same order, and cannot be considered separately. Furthermore, the effect of thermal expansion on elastic constants is such that the volume change induced by zero point motion has a significant effect. For TiAlN, the elastic constants soften non-uniformly with temperature: C11 decreases substantially when the temperature increases for all compositions, resulting in an increased anisotropy. These findings suggest that an increased Al content and annealing at higher temperatures will result in a harder alloy.
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