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- Fernández De La Cruz, Lorena, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy, Delivery, and Neonatal Outcomes Associated with Maternal Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : Two Cohort Studies in Sweden and British Columbia, Canada
- 2023
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - 2574-3805. ; 6:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with adverse health-related outcomes. However, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among women with OCD have been sparsely studied. Objective: To evaluate associations of maternal OCD with pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: Two register-based cohort studies in Sweden and British Columbia (BC), Canada, included all singleton births at 22 weeks or more of gestation between January 1, 1999 (Sweden), or April 1, 2000 (BC), and December 31, 2019. Statistical analyses were conducted between August 1, 2022, and February 14, 2023. Exposure: Maternal OCD diagnosis recorded before childbirth and use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) during pregnancy. Main Outcomes and Measures: Pregnancy and delivery outcomes examined were gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, maternal infection, antepartum hemorrhage or placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, induction of labor, mode of delivery, and postpartum hemorrhage. Neonatal outcomes included perinatal death, preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight (<2500 g), low 5-minute Apgar score, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal jaundice, neonatal respiratory distress, neonatal infections, and congenital malformations. Multivariable Poisson log-linear regressions estimated crude and adjusted risk ratios (aRRs). In the Swedish cohort, sister and cousin analyses were performed to account for familial confounding. Results: In the Swedish cohort, 8312 pregnancies in women with OCD (mean [SD] age at delivery, 30.2 [5.1] years) were compared with 2137348 pregnancies in unexposed women (mean [SD] age at delivery, 30.2 [5.1] years). In the BC cohort, 2341 pregnancies in women with OCD (mean [SD] age at delivery, 31.0 [5.4] years) were compared with 821759 pregnancies in unexposed women (mean [SD] age at delivery, 31.3 [5.5] years). In Sweden, maternal OCD was associated with increased risks of gestational diabetes (aRR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.19-1.65) and elective cesarean delivery (aRR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30-1.49), as well as preeclampsia (aRR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29), induction of labor (aRR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.18), emergency cesarean delivery (aRR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.25), and postpartum hemorrhage (aRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22). In BC, only emergency cesarean delivery (aRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31) and antepartum hemorrhage or placental abruption (aRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.03-2.14) were associated with significantly higher risk. In both cohorts, offspring of women with OCD were at elevated risk of low Apgar score at 5 minutes (Sweden: ARR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.42-1.85; BC: ARR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.74-3.04), as well as preterm birth (Sweden: ARR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21-1.45; BC: ARR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.32-1.87), low birth weight (Sweden: ARR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14-1.44; BC: ARR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.07-1.82), and neonatal respiratory distress (Sweden: ARR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.49-1.79; BC: ARR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.20-1.80). Women with OCD taking SRIs during pregnancy had an overall increased risk of these outcomes, compared with those not taking SRIs. However, women with OCD not taking SRIs still had increased risks compared with women without OCD. Sister and cousin analyses showed that at least some of the associations were not influenced by familial confounding. Conclusion and Relevance: These cohort studies suggest that maternal OCD was associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes. Improved collaboration between psychiatry and obstetric services and improved maternal and neonatal care for women with OCD and their children is warranted..
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| 2. |
- Kabwama, Steven Ndugwa, et al.
(författare)
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How interventions to maintain services during the COVID-19 pandemic strengthened systems for delivery of maternal and child health services : A case-study of Wakiso District, Uganda
- 2024
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Health systems are resilient if they absorb, adapt, and transform in response to shocks. Although absorptive and adaptive capacities have been demonstrated during the COVID-19 response, little has been documented about their transformability and strengthened service delivery systems. We aimed to describe improvements in maternal and child health service delivery as a result of investments during the COVID-19 response.METHODS: This was a descriptive case study conducted in Wakiso District in central Uganda. It included 21 nurses and midwives as key informants and 32 mothers in three focus group discussions. Data were collected using an interview guide following the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety theoretical framework for service delivery.RESULTS: Maternal and child health service delivery during the pandemic involved service provision without changes, service delivery with temporary changes and outcomes, and service delivery that resulted into sustained changes and outcomes. Temporary changes included patient schedule adjustments, community service delivery and negative outcomes such as increased workload and stigma against health workers. Sustained changes that strengthened service delivery included new infrastructure and supplies such as ambulances and equipment, new roles involving infection prevention and control, increased role of community health workers and outcomes such as improved workplace safety and teamwork.CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on health systems, it created the impetus to invest in system improvements. Investments such as new facility infrastructure and emergency medical services were leveraged to improve maternal and child health services delivery. The inter-departmental collaboration during the response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted into an improved intra-hospital environment for other service delivery. However, there is a need to evaluate lessons beyond health facilities and whether these learnings are deliberately integrated into service delivery. Future responses should also address the psychological and physical impacts suffered by health workers to maintain service delivery.
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| 3. |
- Razaz, Neda, et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes Among Women With Epilepsy
- 2017
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 74:8, s. 983-991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE To date, few attempts have been made to examine associations between exposure to maternal epilepsy with or without antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy and pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between epilepsy in pregnancy and risks of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes as well as whether use of AEDs influenced risks.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A population-based cohort study was conducted on all singleton births at 22 or more completed gestational weeks in Sweden from 1997 through 2011; of these, 1 424 279 were included in the sample. Information on AED exposure was available in the subset of offspring from July 1, 2005, to December 31, 2011. Data analysis was performed from October 1, 2016, to February 15, 2017.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal outcomes. Multivariable Poisson log-linear regression was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% CIs, after adjusting for maternal age, country of origin, educational level, cohabitation with a partner, height, early pregnancy body mass index, smoking, year of delivery, maternal pregestational diabetes, hypertension, and psychiatric disorders.RESULTS Of the 1 429 652 births included in the sample, 5373 births were in 3586 women with epilepsy; mean (SD) age at first delivery of the epilepsy cohort was 30.54 (5.18) years. Compared with pregnancies of women without epilepsy, women with epilepsy were at increased risks of adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes, including preeclampsia (aRR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07-1.43), infection (aRR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.43-2.29), placental abruption (aRR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.18-2.38), induction (aRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.21-1.40), elective cesarean section (aRR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.45-1.71), and emergency cesarean section (aRR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00-1.20). Infants of mothers with epilepsy were at increased risks of stillbirth (aRR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.05-2.30), having both medically indicated (aRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08-1.43) and spontaneous (aRR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.20-1.53) preterm birth, being small for gestational age at birth (aRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13-1.30), and having neonatal infections (aRR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.17-1.73), any congenital malformation (aRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.35-1.62), major malformations (aRR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.43-1.81), asphyxia-related complications (aRR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.26-2.42), Apgar score of 4 to 6 at 5 minutes (aRR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03-1.76), Apgar score of 0 to 3 at 5 minutes (aRR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.62-3.61), neonatal hypoglycemia (aRR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.34-1.75), and respiratory distress syndrome (aRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.30-1.68) compared with infants of unaffected women. In women with epilepsy, using AEDs during pregnancy did not increase the risks of pregnancy and perinatal complications, except for a higher rate of induction of labor (aRR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10-1.55).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Epilepsy during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, AED use during pregnancy is generally not associated with adverse outcomes.
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