| 1. |
- Iragavarapu, Gayathri Priya, et al.
(författare)
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Bioprocessing of Waste for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels to Promote Bioeconomy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 16:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The world’s rising energy needs, and the depletion of fossil resources demand a shift from fossil-based feedstocks to organic waste to develop a competitive, resource-efficient, and low-carbon sustainable economy in the long run. It is well known that the production of fuels and chemicals via chemical routes is advantageous because it is a well-established technology with low production costs. However, the use of toxic/environmentally harmful and expensive catalysts generates toxic intermediates, making the process unsustainable. Alternatively, utilization of renewable resources for bioprocessing with a multi-product approach that aligns novel integration improves resource utilization and contributes to the “green economy”. The present review discusses organic waste bioprocessing through the anaerobic fermentation (AF) process to produce biohydrogen (H2), biomethane (CH4), volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). Furthermore, the roles of photosynthetic bacteria and microalgae for biofuel production are discussed. In addition, a roadmap to create a fermentative biorefinery approach in the framework of an AF-integrated bioprocessing format is deliberated, along with limitations and future scope. This novel bioprocessing approach significantly contributes to promoting the circular bioeconomy by launching complete carbon turnover practices in accordance with sustainable development goals.
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| 2. |
- Rayala, Spandana, et al.
(författare)
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Low-Dose Oral Ketamine for Procedural Analgesia in Pediatric Cancer Patients Undergoing Lumbar Puncture at a Resource-Limited Cancer Hospital in India
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Palliative Medicine. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1096-6218 .- 1557-7740. ; 22:11, s. 1357-1363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of orally administered low-dose ketamine for procedural pain management in pediatric cancer patients undergoing lumbar puncture (LP) in a resource-limited hospital setting. Methods: Patients between 4 and 15 years of age, with leukemia, undergoing LP were asked to participate. The study was designed as a two-armed blinded placebo-controlled trial where 0.8 mg/kg (bodyweight) of ketamine mixed in juice was given 30 minutes before the procedure to Group K (ketamine) compared with placebo, only juice, to Group P (placebo). In addition, topical analgesia (EMLA®) was given according to established standard of care. Patients and caregivers assessed the pain using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Results: A total number of 52 patients, equally distributed between Group K and Group P, were included in the study. The placebo-controlled group had significantly higher self-reported pain score than the group receiving ketamine (p = 0.046), as well as in caregiver-assessed pain (p = 0.033). Only three incidents of mild adverse effects were reported. Conclusion: Low-dose oral ketamine can be safely administered for procedural analgesia in pediatric cancer patients undergoing LP in a resource-limited hospital setting and have significant pain-reducing effect compared with placebo.
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| 3. |
- Saito, Kyo, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of the Monomer Compositions of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) by Alkaline Hydrolysis and Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bioengineering. - : Mdpi. - 2306-5354. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the growing interest in bioplastics, there is an urgent need to develop rapid analysis methods linked to production technology development. This study focused on the production of a commercially non-available homopolymer, poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(3HV)), and a commercially available copolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(3HB-co-3HV)), through fermentation using two different bacterial strains. The bacteria Chromobacterium violaceum and Bacillus sp. CYR1 were used to produce P(3HV) and P(3HB-co-3HV), respectively. The bacterium Bacillus sp. CYR1 produced 415 mg/L of P(3HB-co-3HV) when incubated with acetic acid and valeric acid as the carbon sources, whereas the bacterium C. violaceum produced 0.198 g of P(3HV)/g dry biomass when incubated with sodium valerate as the carbon source. Additionally, we developed a fast, simple, and inexpensive method to quantify P(3HV) and P(3HB-co-3HV) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As the alkaline decomposition of P(3HB-co-3HV) releases 2-butenoic acid (2BE) and 2-pentenoic acid (2PE), we were able to determine the concentration using HPLC. Moreover, calibration curves were prepared using standard 2BE and 2PE, along with sample 2BE and 2PE produced by the alkaline decomposition of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and P(3HV), respectively. Finally, the HPLC results obtained by our new method were compared using gas chromatography (GC) analysis.
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| 4. |
- Shanei, Mohammad Mahdi, et al.
(författare)
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Multifocal Autofocused Airy Beam Metasurfaces
- 2019
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Ingår i: 6th International School and Conference "Saint Petersburg OPEN 2019": Optoelectronics, Photonics, Engineering and Nanostructures 22–25 April 2019, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To focus the incident light, both convex metalenses with hyperbolic phase profile and autofocused Airy (AFA) beams are widely used. To obtain AFA-based bifocal metalenses, we propose two methods in this article. One is to bring the two conjugate focal points of an AFA beam into the real space by applying a proper convex lens phase profile. The other is to use the inefficient central space between the two launched Airy beams with zero amplitude and constant phase profile as an independent metalens. We also show that combining the two introduced methods, leads the design to upgrade to a multifocal structure.
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