| 1. |
- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 3. |
- Khan, Muhammad Sikandar Lal, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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A pilot user's prospective in mobile robotic telepresence system
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA 2014. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9786163618238
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present an interactive video conferencing system specifically designed for enhancing the experience of video teleconferencing for a pilot user. We have used an Embodied Telepresence System (ETS) which was previously designed to enhance the experience of video teleconferencing for the collaborators. In this work we have deployed an ETS in a novel scenario to improve the experience of pilot user during distance communication. The ETS is used to adjust the view of the pilot user at the distance location (e.g. distance located conference/meeting). The velocity profile control for the ETS is developed which is implicitly controlled by the head of the pilot user. The experiment was conducted to test whether the view adjustment capability of an ETS increases the collaboration experience of video conferencing for the pilot user or not. The user study was conducted in which participants (pilot users) performed interaction using ETS and with traditional computer based video conferencing tool. Overall, the user study suggests the effectiveness of our approach and hence results in enhancing the experience of video conferencing for the pilot user.
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| 4. |
- Khan, Muhammad Sikandar Lal, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Action Augmented Real Virtuality Design for Presence
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2379-8920 .- 2379-8939. ; 10:4, s. 961-972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the important question of how to design a video teleconferencing setup to increase the experience of spatial and social presence. Traditional video teleconferencing setups are lacking in presenting the nonverbal behaviors that humans express in face-to-face communication, which results in decrease in presence-experience. In order to address this issue, we first present a conceptual framework of presence for video teleconferencing. We introduce a modern presence concept called real virtuality and propose a new way of achieving this based on body or artifact actions to increase the feeling of presence, and we named this concept presence through actions. Using this new concept, we present the design of a novel action-augmented real virtuality prototype that considers the challenges related to the design of an action prototype, action embodiment, and face representation. Our action prototype is a telepresence mechatronic robot (TEBoT), and action embodiment is through a head-mounted display (HMD). The face representation solves the problem of face occlusion introduced by the HMD. The novel combination of HMD, TEBoT, and face representation algorithm has been tested in a real video teleconferencing scenario for its ability to solve the challenges related to spatial and social presence. We have performed a user study where the invited participants were requested to experience our novel setup and to compare it with a traditional video teleconferencing setup. The results show that the action capabilities not only increase the feeling of spatial presence but also increase the feeling of social presence of a remote person among local collaborators.
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| 5. |
- Khan, Muhammad Sikandar Lal, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Distance Communication : Trends and Challenges and How to Resolve them
- 2014
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Ingår i: Strategies for a creative future with computer science, quality design and communicability. - Italy : Blue Herons Editions. - 9788896471104
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distance communication is becoming an important part of our lives because of the current advancement in computer mediated communication (CMC). Despite the current advancement in CMC especially video teleconferencing; it is still far from face-to-face (FtF) interaction. This study will focus on the advancements in video teleconferencing; their trends and challenges. Furthermore, this work will present an overview of previously developed hardware and software techniques to improve the video teleconferencing experience. After discussing the background development of video teleconferencing, we will propose an intuitive solution to improve the video teleconferencing experience. To support the proposed solution, the Embodied Interaction based distance communication framework is developed. The effectiveness of this framework is validated by the user studies. To summarize this work has considered the following questions: What are the factors which make video teleconferencing different from face to face interaction?; What researchers have done so far to improve video teleconferencing?; How to further improve the teleconferencing experience?; How to add more non-verbal modalities to enhance the video teleconferencing experience? At the end we have also provided the future directions for embodied interaction based video teleconferencing.
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| 6. |
- Khan, Muhammad Sikandar Lal, et al.
(författare)
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Embodied head gesture and distance education
- 2015
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Ingår i: 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2015) and the Affiliated Conferences. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 2034-2041
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional distance education settings are usually based on video teleconferencing scenarios where human emotions and social presence are only expressed by the facial and vocal expressions which are not enough for complete presence; our bodily gestures and actions play a vital role in understanding exact meaning of communication patterns; especially in teaching-learning scenarios. The bodily gestures especially head movements offer cues to understand contextual knowledge during conversational dialogue. In this work, we have considered the tutor’s head gesture embodiment for educational assistive robot and compared the results with the standard audio-video tele-conferencing scenarios used in online education. We have used Embodied Telepresence System (ETS) to investigate the distance communication for online education setting. Our ETS emulates the head gestures of the human tutor for distance education scenario. Our experimental study includes ten able-bodied subjects (5 male and 5 female) from various countries. These participants were asked to participate in online education scenario through i) a traditional video conferencing tool, i.e. Skype and ii) an extended setup based on ETS. The statistical analysis is done on the results which indicates the effectiveness of our novel embodied head gesture based approach in distance education setting. Our experimental studies show that the proposed design of embodied head gesture based ETS is able to improve the user engagement in distance education.
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| 7. |
- Khan, Muhammad Sikandar Lal, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Embodied tele-presence system (ETS) : Designing tele-presence for video teleconferencing
- 2014
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Ingår i: 3rd International Conference on Design, User Experience, and Usability: User Experience Design for Diverse Interaction Platforms and Environments, DUXU 2014, Held as Part of 16th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI Int. 2014. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319076256 - 9783319076263 ; , s. 574-585
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In spite of the progress made in tele conferencing over the last decades, however, it is still far from a resolved issue. In this work, we present an intuitive video teleconferencing system, namely - Embodied Tele-Presence System (ETS) which is based on embodied interaction concept. This work proposes the results of a user study considering the hypothesis: " Embodied interaction based video conferencing system performs better than the standard video conferencing system in representing nonverbal behaviors, thus creating a 'feeling of presence' of a remote person among his/her local collaborators". Our ETS integrates standard audio-video conferencing with mechanical embodiment of head gestures of a remote person (as nonverbal behavior) to enhance the level of interaction. To highlight the technical challenges and design principles behind such tele-presence systems, we have also performed a system evaluation which shows the accuracy and efficiency of our ETS design. The paper further provides an overview of our case study and an analysis of our user evaluation. The user study shows that the proposed embodied interaction approach in video teleconferencing increases 'in-meeting interaction' and enhance a 'feeling of presence' among remote participant and his collaborators.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Khan, Muhammad Sikandar Lal, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Expressive multimedia : Bringing action to physical world by dancing-tablet
- 2015
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Ingår i: HCMC 2015 - Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computational Models of Social Interactions. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450337472 ; , s. 9-14
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design practice based on embodied interaction concept focuses on developing new user interfaces for computer devices that merge the digital content with the physical world. In this work we have proposed a novel embodied interaction based design in which the 'action' information of the digital content is presented in the physical world. More specifically, we have mapped the 'action' information of the video content from the digital world into the physical world. The motivating example presented in this paper is our novel dancing-tablet, in which a tablet-PC dances on the rhythm of the song, hence the 'action' information is not just confined into a 2D flat display but also expressed by it. This paper presents i) hardware design of our mechatronic dancingtablet platform, ii) software algorithm for musical feature extraction and iii) embodied computational model for mapping 'action' information of the musical expression to the mechatronic platform. Our user study shows that the overall perception of audio-video music is enhanced by our dancingtablet setup.
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| 10. |
- Khan, Muhammad Sikandar Lal, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Face-off : A face reconstruction technique for virtual reality (VR) scenarios
- 2016
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Ingår i: 14th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2016. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319466033 - 9783319466040 ; , s. 490-503
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virtual Reality (VR) headsets occlude a significant portion of human face. The real human face is required in many VR applications, for example, video teleconferencing. This paper proposes a wearable camera setup-based solution to reconstruct the real face of a person wearing VR headset. Our solution lies in the core of asymmetrical principal component analysis (aPCA). A user-specific training model is built using aPCA with full face, lips and eye region information. During testing phase, lower face region and partial eye information is used to reconstruct the wearer face. Online testing session consists of two phases, (i) calibration phase and (ii) reconstruction phase. In former, a small calibration step is performed to align test information with training data, while the later uses half face information to reconstruct the full face using aPCAbased trained-data. The proposed approach is validated with qualitative and quantitative analysis.
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