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- Vimaleswaran, Karani S, et al.
(författare)
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Association of vitamin D status with arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk: a mendelian randomisation study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 2:9, s. 719-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration is associated with high arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk, but whether this association is causal is unknown. We used a mendelian randomisation approach to test whether 25(OH)D concentration is causally associated with blood pressure and hypertension risk. Methods In this mendelian randomisation study, we generated an allele score (25[OH]D synthesis score) based on variants of genes that affect 25(OH)D synthesis or substrate availability (CYP2R1 and DHCR7), which we used as a proxy for 25(OH)D concentration. We meta-analysed data for up to 108 173 individuals from 35 studies in the D-CarDia collaboration to investigate associations between the allele score and blood pressure measurements. We complemented these analyses with previously published summary statistics from the International Consortium on Blood Pressure (ICBP), the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, and the Global Blood Pressure Genetics (Global BPGen) consortium. Findings In phenotypic analyses (up to n=49 363), increased 25(OH)D concentration was associated with decreased systolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, −0·12 mm Hg, 95% CI −0·20 to −0·04; p=0·003) and reduced odds of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0·98, 95% CI 0·97–0·99; p=0·0003), but not with decreased diastolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, −0·02 mm Hg, −0·08 to 0·03; p=0·37). In meta-analyses in which we combined data from D-CarDia and the ICBP (n=146 581, after exclusion of overlapping studies), each 25(OH)D-increasing allele of the synthesis score was associated with a change of −0·10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (−0·21 to −0·0001; p=0·0498) and a change of −0·08 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (−0·15 to −0·02; p=0·01). When D-CarDia and consortia data for hypertension were meta-analysed together (n=142 255), the synthesis score was associated with a reduced odds of hypertension (OR per allele, 0·98, 0·96–0·99; p=0·001). In instrumental variable analysis, each 10% increase in genetically instrumented 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a change of −0·29 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (−0·52 to −0·07; p=0·01), a change of −0·37 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (−0·73 to 0·003; p=0·052), and an 8·1% decreased odds of hypertension (OR 0·92, 0·87–0·97; p=0·002). Interpretation Increased plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D might reduce the risk of hypertension. This finding warrants further investigation in an independent, similarly powered study.
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| 2. |
- Bollerslev, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular consequences of parathyroid disorders in adults
- 2021
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Ingår i: Annales d'Endocrinologie. - : MASSON EDITEUR. - 0003-4266 .- 2213-3941. ; 82:3-4, s. 151-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PTH is a metabolic active hormone primarily regulating calcium and phosphate homeostasis in a very tight and short term-manner. Parathyroid disorders in adult patients reflect a variety of different conditions related either to the parathyroid glands itself or to the effects of the secreted hormone. The clinical spectrum varies from the common disease primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) to the orphan conditions pseudohypoparathyroidism (Ps-HypoPT) and chronic hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT). The purpose of this review is to describe the consequences of disturbances in levels or action of PTH for cardiac function and cardiovascular risk in adult patients with these disorders. Most patients with PHPT achieve the diagnose by chance and have minor or no specific symptoms. Still, these patients with mild PHPT do possess cardiovascular (CV) morbidity, however so far not proven ameliorated by surgery in controlled trials. In severe cases, the CV risk is increased and with a potential reversibility by treatment. Patients with Ps-HypoPT have resistance to PTH action, but not necessarily total resistance in all tissues. So far, no clear CV morbidity or risk has been demonstrated, but there are several aspects of interest for further studies. Most patients with HypoPT do get their hormonal deficiency syndrome following neck surgery. These patients do experience multiple symptoms and do have an increased CV-risk before the primary surgery. Based on existing data, their CV mortality do not deviate from the expected when adjusting for the preexisting increased risk. Patients with nonsurgical (NS-) HypoPT do demonstrate increased CV-risk also associated with exposure time. Endocrine disorders with alterations in PTH function have major impact on the cardiovascular system of importance for morbidity and mortality, wherefore management of these specific diseases should be optimized currently, as new data become available, however also avoiding over-treating asymptomatic patients. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
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| 3. |
- Brader, Lea, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (SYSDIET)
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6215 .- 1436-6207. ; 53:4, s. 1123-1134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At northern latitudes, vitamin D is not synthesized endogenously during winter, causing low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of a healthy Nordic diet based on Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR) on plasma 25(OH)D and explored its dietary predictors. In a Nordic multi-centre trial, subjects (n = 213) with metabolic syndrome were randomized to a control or a healthy Nordic diet favouring fish (a parts per thousand yen300 g/week, including a parts per thousand yen200 g/week fatty fish), whole-grain products, berries, fruits, vegetables, rapeseed oil and low-fat dairy products. Plasma 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone were analysed before and after 18- to 24-week intervention. At baseline, 45 % had vitamin D inadequacy (< 50 nmol/l), whereas 8 % had deficiency (< 25 nmol/l). Dietary vitamin D intake was increased by the healthy Nordic diet (P < 0.001). The healthy Nordic and the control diet reduced the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy by 42 % (P < 0.001) and 19 % (P = 0.002), respectively, without between-group difference (P = 0.142). Compared with control, plasma 25(OH)D (P = 0.208) and parathyroid hormone (P = 0.207) were not altered by the healthy Nordic diet. Predictors for 25(OH)D were intake of vitamin D, eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), vitamin D supplement, plasma EPA and plasma DHA. Nevertheless, only vitamin D intake and season predicted the 25(OH)D changes. Consuming a healthy Nordic diet based on NNR increased vitamin D intake but not plasma 25(OH)D concentration. The reason why fish consumption did not improve vitamin D status might be that many fish are farmed and might contain little vitamin D or that frying fish may result in vitamin D extraction. Additional ways to improve vitamin D status in Nordic countries may be needed.
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| 4. |
- Grünewald, Tilman A., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the 3D orientation of nanocrystals and nanostructures in human bone: Indications of novel structural features
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 6:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone is built from collagen fibrils and biomineral nanoparticles. In humans, they are organized in lamellar twisting patterns on the microscale. It has been a central tenet that the biomineral nanoparticles are co-aligned with the bone nanostructure. Here, we reconstruct the three-dimensional orientation in human lamellar bone of both the nanoscale features and the biomineral crystal lattice from small-angle x-ray scattering and wide-angle x-ray scattering, respectively. While most of the investigated regions show well-aligned nanostructure and crystal structure, consistent with current bone models, we report a localized difference in orientation distribution between the nanostructure and the biomineral crystals in specific bands. Our results show a robust and systematic, but localized, variation in the alignment of the two signals, which can be interpreted as either an additional mineral fraction in bone, a preferentially aligned extrafibrillar fraction, or the result of transverse stacking of mineral particles over several fibrils.
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