| 1. |
- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
-
The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Kodra, Yllka, et al.
(författare)
-
Recommendations for Improving the Quality of Rare Disease Registries
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 15:8
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rare diseases (RD) patient registries are powerful instruments that help develop clinical research, facilitate the planning of appropriate clinical trials, improve patient care, and support healthcare management. They constitute a key information system that supports the activities of European Reference Networks (ERNs) on rare diseases. A rapid proliferation of RD registries has occurred during the last years and there is a need to develop guidance for the minimum requirements, recommendations and standards necessary to maintain a high-quality registry. In response to these heterogeneities, in the framework of RD-Connect, a European platform connecting databases, registries, biobanks and clinical bioinformatics for rare disease research, we report on a list of recommendations, developed by a group of experts, including members of patient organizations, to be used as a framework for improving the quality of RD registries. This list includes aspects of governance, Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) data and information, infrastructure, documentation, training, and quality audit. The list is intended to be used by established as well as new RD registries. Further work includes the development of a toolkit to enable continuous assessment and improvement of their organizational and data quality.
|
|
| 4. |
- Liu, Jia, et al.
(författare)
-
An Organic Catalyst for Li-O-2 Batteries : Dilithium Quinone-1,4-Dicarboxylate
- 2015
-
Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 8:13, s. 2198-2203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid organic electrocatalysts have hardly been tested in Li-O-2 batteries. Here, a new solid organic electrocatalyst, dilithium quinone-1,4-dicarboxylate (Li2C8H2O6) is presented, which is expected to overcome the shortcomings of inorganic catalysts. The function-oriented synthesis is low cost and low polluting. The electrocatalytic performance is evaluated by following the degradation of Li2O2 during the charge process in a Li-O-2 cell through insitu XRD and operando synchrotron radiation powder XRD (SR-PXD) measurements. The results indicate that the electrocatalytic activity of Li2C8H2O6 is similar to that of commercial Pt. The Li2O2 decomposition in a cell with Li2C8H2O6 catalyst follows a pseudo-zero-order reaction, virtually without any side reactions. These results provide an insight into the development of new organic catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in Li-O-2 batteries.
|
|
| 5. |
- Mihali, Viorica Alina, et al.
(författare)
-
Benzenediacrylates as organic battery electrode materials : Na versus Li
- 2014
-
Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 4:72, s. 38004-38011
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses investigations of a novel Na-based organic battery electrode material, disodium benzenediacrylate (Na(2)BDA) in comparison with its Li-ion homologue. Li(2)BDA has previously shown promising battery properties, such as stable cycling and good capacity retention. Na(2)BDA and Li(2)BDA are here successfully synthesized and characterized, and investigated as anode materials in prototype Na- and Li-ion battery cells. Moreover, different electrolytes are screened for the Na-battery material, and a useful operating voltage window is explored. Na(2)BDA is shown to possess a higher initial coulombic efficiency (91%) than the Li-homologue, which is uncommon for sodiated organic electrode materials. The Na-compound shows an initial capacity of 177.7 mA h g(-1), which however decreases to ca. 50 mA h g(-1) after 20-100 cycles depending on the cycling rate; a significantly lower capacity retention then that observed for Li(2)BDA. The capacity loss can primarily be explained by a decomposition mechanism of the Na(2)BDA compound.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Oltean, Alina, 1987-
(författare)
-
Building Sustainable Batteries : Organic electrodes based on Li- and Na-benzenediacrylate
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As possible alternatives to the conventional inorganic Li- or Na-ion battery electrode materials, organic compounds have recently drawn considerable attention. However, major challenges such as poor electronic conductivity, solubility in battery electrolyte or fast capacity decay of the resulting electrochemical cells are some of the reasons that hold these compounds back from becoming commercial solutions in the energy system.The goal of this thesis work was to investigate the background to these phenomena and find strategies for improvements. Two different compounds were studied: dilithium and disodium benzenediacrylate, in their respective cells. First, improving the performance of the dilithium compound was performed by applying different electrode fabrication strategies. A freeze-drying technique was combined with carbon coating in the liquid state, which rendered an improved electrode morphology. Moreover, when using the compound in pouch cell format instead of Swagelok® cells, a different technique was applied: calendaring. Successful results were obtained both in half-cells and in full-cells when the compound was cycled versus LiFePO4-based cathodes. Second, the sodium analogue was investigated, and while the synthesis of this compound is straightforward, the electrochemical performance in Na-ion battery cells displays an unexpected degree of complexity. The compound displays a considerably faster capacity decrease in comparison to the Li compound, and generally a poor chemical stability in the applied system. When cycled at higher currents (C-rates of C/4 or C/10, in comparison to C/40), the compound presents an capacity increase while the Li decreases, likely due to a chemical process more dependent on time than on the number of cycles for the Na compound.The fast capacity decay in the first cycles of these types of compounds is often considered to be related to the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer formation. Its study was also performed and it was concluded that the Na compound has a thicker SEI layer in comparison to the Li counterpart, and mostly consisted of inorganic species such as the electrolyte salt and its decomposition products. Finally, a concept for a sustainable manufacturing and recycling process of a hybrid full cell is also performed with positive results.Although the organic compounds cannot yet outperform the inorganic compounds used commercially in Li-ion batteries, important steps towards their employment in the energy system have been taken in this thesis work.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Oltean, Viorica Alina, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhanced performance of organic materials for lithium-ion batteries using facile electrode calendaring techniques
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Electrochemistry communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-2481 .- 1873-1902. ; 68, s. 45-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple and convenient strategy for achieving higher capacities in organic electrode materials used in pouch-cell format is presented here. By calendaring of the electrodes, the resulting electrode porosity can be tailored. It is shown for carboxylate electrodes of dilithium benzenediacrylate that a 30% porosity constitutes the best compromise between electronic wiring, particle contact and electrolyte infiltration into the electrodes, displaying higher capacities than in Swagelock cells.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
